Michael Phelps won his record eighth gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics by swimming the third leg of the winning U.S. men's 4x100m medley relay team. His eighth gold surpassed Mark Spitz's 36-year record of most gold medals won at a single Olympics. Phelps said his Olympic experience has been "nothing but an upwards roller coaster" and "nothing but fun." He added that "nothing is impossible."
Performance Enhancement By American YouthYannig Roth
Based on the movie Bigger, Stronger, Faster (Christopher Bell, 2008), this research paper assesses the phenomenon of performance enhancement by young people in the United States. Whether it is in sports, performance, academics or for recreational use, performance enhancers pose not only a moral problem, but also a medical risk.
Performance Enhancement By American YouthYannig Roth
Based on the movie Bigger, Stronger, Faster (Christopher Bell, 2008), this research paper assesses the phenomenon of performance enhancement by young people in the United States. Whether it is in sports, performance, academics or for recreational use, performance enhancers pose not only a moral problem, but also a medical risk.
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--0 THE DUALITY OF SPORT ffo11w11 beings seek ekstasSilvaGraf83
--
0
THE DUALITY OF SPORT
ffo11w11 beings seek ekstasis, a "stepping 011t~ide" of th eir 1w111wl,
111111ulr111e experience. If they 110 lunger find ecstasy in a synagogue,
clwrc/1, or 111osq11e, they look for it i11 dm1cc , lllll5ic, sport, sex, or
drugs.
- Karen Armstrong, historian of religions
Spol1 is a u;i11do11; 011 a clw11gi11g soqety.
- Dmicl Halber~tam , author
For sol/le people, baseball i\· like a religion . It has all the ele111e11ts:
a creation story, falls from grace, redemption, prophets, heretic5,
icons, lituals, te111JJ!es, u:ors/1ip, sacrifice, miracles, sar,iors a11d si11-
11ers-lots of si111wrn.
- John Longhurst, Wi1111ipeg ( Manitoba ) Free Press
Soccer is like a 90-111ir111te anxiety dream--<Jnc of those fnistrating
dreams u:hen you 're trying to get somewhere but something is a/u;ays
in the iuay. This is yet another icay soccer is like life.
- Simon Critchle>·, English professor of philosophy
CHAPTER I
l
Sports are not just physical contests, yott know,_tl~ ey are also sociol
ogy. They are a reflection of the people and soczetzes that play th em.
-Mike Seccombe, Australian journalist
The thrill ofcicton; and the agony of defeat-the human drama of
athletic competition .
-Jim McKay for ABC's Wide \Vorld of Sport
The subject of this volume is sport in US society. To guide this inquiry,
I ham organized the book around two themes: that sport has positive
and negative consequences, that is, sport is both fair and foul; and
that sport is a microcosm of society. Each of these themes brings into
sharper focus the paradox that, on the one hand, we love sport and are
fascinated by its magical qualities, yet sport has troublesome qualities
as well. This leads to confusion, as sportswriter Gary Smith has written:
All this confusion does it signal a society lost in the wilderness . . . or one
finally mature enough to look at questions it has always shut its eyes to?
m~ mine.I gnaws at the bone, at every last bit gristle. Beneath it all , he
can !> ense \\'hat's going on , the vague feeling that people are beginning
to ham that their love of sports-the sense of escape and belonging that
the:' prmide- is doubling back on them like some hidden undertow,
pulling the m out to sea. 1
THEME I: SPORT IS FAIR; SPORT IS FOUL
Sociologist Jay Coakley observes that Americans believe in what he calls
the "Great American Sports Myth," which is "the widespread belief that
all sp01ts are essentially pure and good, and that their purity and good
ness are transferred to those who participate."2 This is the message given
at a typical high school sports banquet honoring the school's athletes .
The guest speaker, with examples, humor, and sincerity, extols the many
\i1tues of sports participation. The implications of the "Great American
Sports M)th " are, foremost, that sports participation builds ch_aracter.
Second, if there are problems, they are because of a few "bad apples,"
3 TH ...
--
0
THE DUALITY OF SPORT
ffo11w11 beings seek ekstasis, a "stepping 011t~ide" of th eir 1w111wl,
111111ulr111e experience. If they 110 lunger find ecstasy in a synagogue,
clwrc/1, or 111osq11e, they look for it i11 dm1cc , lllll5ic, sport, sex, or
drugs.
- Karen Armstrong, historian of religions
Spol1 is a u;i11do11; 011 a clw11gi11g soqety.
- Dmicl Halber~tam , author
For sol/le people, baseball i\· like a religion . It has all the ele111e11ts:
a creation story, falls from grace, redemption, prophets, heretic5,
icons, lituals, te111JJ!es, u:ors/1ip, sacrifice, miracles, sar,iors a11d si11-
11ers-lots of si111wrn.
- John Longhurst, Wi1111ipeg ( Manitoba ) Free Press
Soccer is like a 90-111ir111te anxiety dream--<Jnc of those fnistrating
dreams u:hen you 're trying to get somewhere but something is a/u;ays
in the iuay. This is yet another icay soccer is like life.
- Simon Critchle>·, English professor of philosophy
CHAPTER I
l
Sports are not just physical contests, yott know,_tl~ ey are also sociol
ogy. They are a reflection of the people and soczetzes that play th em.
-Mike Seccombe, Australian journalist
The thrill ofcicton; and the agony of defeat-the human drama of
athletic competition .
-Jim McKay for ABC's Wide \Vorld of Sport
The subject of this volume is sport in US society. To guide this inquiry,
I ham organized the book around two themes: that sport has positive
and negative consequences, that is, sport is both fair and foul; and
that sport is a microcosm of society. Each of these themes brings into
sharper focus the paradox that, on the one hand, we love sport and are
fascinated by its magical qualities, yet sport has troublesome qualities
as well. This leads to confusion, as sportswriter Gary Smith has written:
All this confusion does it signal a society lost in the wilderness . . . or one
finally mature enough to look at questions it has always shut its eyes to?
m~ mine.I gnaws at the bone, at every last bit gristle. Beneath it all , he
can !> ense \\'hat's going on , the vague feeling that people are beginning
to ham that their love of sports-the sense of escape and belonging that
the:' prmide- is doubling back on them like some hidden undertow,
pulling the m out to sea. 1
THEME I: SPORT IS FAIR; SPORT IS FOUL
Sociologist Jay Coakley observes that Americans believe in what he calls
the "Great American Sports Myth," which is "the widespread belief that
all sp01ts are essentially pure and good, and that their purity and good
ness are transferred to those who participate."2 This is the message given
at a typical high school sports banquet honoring the school's athletes .
The guest speaker, with examples, humor, and sincerity, extols the many
\i1tues of sports participation. The implications of the "Great American
Sports M)th " are, foremost, that sports participation builds ch_aracter.
Second, if there are problems, they are because of a few "bad apples,"
3 TH ...