C Programming

1. C Programming
Basics and Real-World
Applications

2. ➔ History: C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972.
➔ Influence: C is the foundation of many modern programming languages like
C++, C#, and Java.
➔ Usage: Widely used in system software, game development, and embedded
systems.
Introduction to C Programming

3. C Syntax
Influence
C is often considered a "mother
language" due to its direct or
indirect influence on many
contemporary programming
languages.
80%
Modern programming
languages have syntax or
structural elements
derived from C

4. ➔ Efficiency: C provides low-level access to memory and high-level language
features.
➔ Portability: Programs written in C are highly portable and can be compiled on
various platforms.
➔ Foundation: Learning C helps in understanding other programming
languages and computer architecture.
Why Learn C Programming?

5. Structure of a
C Program
Components:
● Header Files (#include <stdio.h>)
● Main Function (int main())
● Statements (printf("Hello, World!");)
● Return Statement (return 0;)

6. Data Types
● Basic: int, float, double, char
● Derived: Arrays, Pointers, Structures
● Others: void, Enumerations
Key Concepts in C Programming
Operators
● Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
● Relational: ==, !=, >, <
● Logical: &&, ||, !
● Bitwise: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

7. Arrays
● Definition: Collection of elements of
the same data type.
● Syntax: dataType
arrayName[arraySize];
● Example: int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4,
5};
Key Concepts in C Programming
Control Structures
● Conditional: if, else, switch
● Loops: for, while, do-while

8. Core Concepts of C Programming

9. ➔ Variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
➔ Syntax: dataType *pointerName;
➔ Usage: Dynamic memory allocation, passing variables to functions by
reference.
Pointers in C

10. ➔ Array of characters ending with a null character (0).
➔ Syntax: char str[] = "Hello";
➔ String Functions: strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp()
Strings in C

11. ➔ File Operations: fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite(), fprintf(), fscanf()
File Handling in C

12. ➔ Functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free()
Dynamic Memory Allocation

13. ➔ Commands processed by the preprocessor before the actual compilation.
➔ Common Directives: #define, #include, #ifdef, #ifndef
Preprocessor Directives

14. ➔ Interfacing with Databases: Using C with MySQL or SQLite.
C in Database Management

15. ➔ Socket Programming: Creating servers and clients.
C in Networking

16. Advantages of C
➔ Efficiency: Fast execution and low-level memory access.
➔ Portability: Easily runs on various platforms with minimal changes.
➔ Rich Libraries: Extensive standard libraries for diverse functionalities.
➔ System-Level Programming: Ideal for operating systems and
embedded systems.
➔ Foundation for Other Languages: Serves as a base for learning and
understanding other programming languages.

17. Limitations of C
➔ No Object-Oriented Support: Lacks built-in support for object-oriented
programming (OOP).
➔ Manual Memory Management: Requires manual allocation and
deallocation of memory, leading to potential memory leaks.
➔ No Built-in Error Handling: Lacks native error-handling mechanisms like
exceptions.
➔ Limited Standard Library: The standard library is relatively small compared
to modern languages.
➔ Low-Level Complexity: Pointer manipulation and manual memory
management can be error-prone and complex.

18. Real World Usage of C

19. System Programming
Operating Systems
➔ C is used in the development of operating systems like UNIX, Linux, and
Windows.
➔ Key components like kernels, drivers, and file systems are often written in C
due to its efficiency and control over hardware.

20. Embedded Systems
Microcontrollers and IoT Devices:
➔ C is widely used in programming microcontrollers and IoT devices.
➔ It allows direct manipulation of hardware, making it ideal for real-time, low-
level programming in embedded systems.

21. Game Development
Game Engines and Graphics:
➔ C is used in game engines such as Unreal Engine and for developing
performance-critical parts of games.
➔ Its efficiency is crucial for rendering graphics, processing physics, and
managing memory in games.

22. Database Management
Interfacing with Databases:
➔ C is employed in creating database management systems like MySQL.
➔ It enables direct interaction with databases, allowing for optimized
performance in querying and data manipulation

23. What next?
➔ C Programming with UI - GTK
➔ C Programming with Database

24. Thank You