how human react when he is in hostile/aggressive mood

1. HUMAN BEHAVIOR

2.  Introduction
 Types
 Aggression vs. violence
› Statistics
 Demographics
 Direct vs. indirect
 Role of media
 Causes
 Theories supporting aggression
 Suggestions
 Conclusion

3.  Injuring someone accidentally?
 Swinging a stick at someone but
missing?
 Insulting someone?

4. WHAT IS AGGRESION?

5. Behaviour that involves threat or
action that potentially or actually
causes pain, withdrawal, or loss of
resources

6.  Aggression is a set of behaviors that are
likely to, or have the potential to, cause harm
to others, or intended to cause harm, and are
goal-directed .(berkowitz)
 Aggression is any form of behaviour directed
towards the goal of harming or injuring
another living being, who is motivated to
avoid such treatment (baron)

7. Instrumental aggression
Emotional aggression

8. Instrumental aggression is used by
the individual in order to maximize
personal gains

9. Instrumental aggression
can operationally be
defined as aggression
occurring during game
play and involves
opponent directed
physical interactions
that contributes to
accomplishing a task.

10. Emotional aggression is reactive and impulsive.
Aggression is driven by feelings with the main
intension of harming someone this type of
aggression is accompanied by anger, and
the underlying wish is to see the victim
suffer.

11. o Example: Mike Tyson biting
Evander Holyfield’s ear
o Instrumental?
o Emotional?

13. Violence :
o Extreme, unjustifiable aggression, usually violating social
sanctions and causing destruction.
o It is used almost exclusively to describe human behaviour.
o Violence is physically or psychologically harmful human
aggression that involves the threat or use of force.
o All violence is aggression, but many instances of
aggression are not violent.

14. The Violent Natureof Pakistani Society
 21,485 Fatalities in Terrorist Violence 2003-16
 More than 500 people are killed in Pakistan
each year in so-called “honour killings”.
In 2014 about 1,000 women died in honour
related attacks and 869 in 2013 also 88 men
were died in 2015

15.  Burning women in INDIA after every 5
minutes
 One murder IN U.S after every 34minutes
 One violent crime in U.S after every 22
minutes

16.  Age- Violence peaks in the late teens and early 20s
 Sex- Males more than females in general populations;
among people with mental disorders males and females
don’t significantly differ in their base rates of aggression.
 History of substance abuse- Substance abuse tripled the
rate of violence in the non patients in the community and
increased the rate of violence by discharged patients by
up to 5 times
 Education- Less education

17.  Employment- Lack of sustained
employment
 Diagnosis- The higher the number of
mental disorders (psychiatric diagnoses)
the greater the rate of aggression.

18.  Universal finding that men are more
violent than women.
 However type of aggression matters

19.  Direct aggression
Verbal or physical aggression.
 Indirect aggression
Inflicting harm in covert (nonphysical) ways.

20. 23% PHYSICAL AGGRESSION
33% VERBAL AGGRESSION
44% INDIRECT AGGRESSION

21.  T.V. teaches aggression through
observation and imitation e.g. teenagers
specially imitating wrestlers, copycat
crimes.
 It contaminates people’s view of dealing with
conflict e.g. traditional characters such as
Batman.
 Video games like GTA ,TAKEN etc also make
us more aggressive with others.

25.  Reviewed 54 studies with
4,200 participants
 Playing violent video games
resulted in
› Increased aggression
› Decreased helping
› Increased aggressive
thoughts
› Increased anger
› Increased arousal
 Same effects for males and
females, children and adults

26. › Frustration
 it’s a feeling of tension that occurs when our
efforts to reach a goal is blocked by other’s.
 However, it can elicit aggression when the
cause of the frustration is viewed as
illegitimate or unjustified.
 When the source of aggression can’t be
challenged then the aggression get displaced
on an innocent target

27. › Provocation
 Physical or verbal provocation is one of
the main causes of aggression.
 People tend to reciprocate with the same
or slightly higher level of aggression that
they receive from others.
 Condescension, the expression of
arrogance is a strong predictor of
aggression
› Heightened arousal
 Arousal in one situation can increase
aggression in response to provocation,
frustration, etc. in another, unrelated
situation

28.  Freud(1930) arguedthat humanaggressionsstemsfrom a
‘Death Instinct’
› This destructive energybuildsup inside us and eventually spills
out in the formof violence against others or against the self
 Lorenz (1966) adapted Darwin’stheory of evolution andthe
principle of survivalof the fittest:
› He argued that the ‘Fighting Instinct’ is inherent and necessary
forsurvival

29.  Stop media from portraying wrong
concept
 Be careful how you react
 Give attention and show affection
 Seek win-win solutions
 Keep a check on your children
 Praise good behavior
 Open minded

31.  http://tribune.com.pk/story/1099692/pakistans-jirgas-in-spotlight-
after-brutal-honour-killing/
 http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/Pakistan/database/casu
alties.htm
 http://nation.com.pk/national/02-Apr-2016/1-096-women-killed-
for-honour-in-2015
 https://genderbytes.wordpress.com/2011/10/02/video-murder-
by-fire-100000-women-a-year/
 http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=7159