Marco Della Gala's presentation on 9th February 2017. Details how ICT can play a role in supporting local agrifood and tourism.

1. Business models and ICTs for developing
local agro-food and tourism systems
MARCO DELLA GALA - MDELLAGALA@GLOS.AC.UK
COMMUNITY AND COUNTRYSIDE RESEARCH INSTITUTE –
UNIVERSITY OF GOLUCESTERSHIRE
CCRI - SEMINAR SERIES 09/02/2017

2. 80% national
Production80% world
Production
Where the research has been conceived
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017
Cosenza °
University of Calabria
Department of Mechanical, Energy and
Management Engineering
Calabria covers a total area of 15,222 km2 (with over 740 km of coastline)
and 2 million inhabitants live in Calabria
The region is classified 96% as rural area. There are almost 138 000 farms
with an average size of 4 hectares (42% of the farms are below 1 hectare)
In the 2012 agriculture accounted for 4.2% of the regional VA (1.2 billion
euro). The weight of agriculture in the regional VA is twice the national
average (Castellotti & Lo Vecchio, 2014)
tourism is relevant, but, although the region is rich with regard to nature,
culture, and history, the offered services are not very competitive.
BUT….Calabria is classified as a less developed region
GDP per capita in Calabria is much lower than the Italian average. In 2014,
it was €16,177, far below the Italian (€ 26,548) and European (€ 27,400)
averages.
The employment rate is far lower (39.3%) than the national (55.7%) and
European (64.8%) averages. Calabria is the region with the lowest level of
employment rate in Italy.
Also, the unemployment rate increased considerably in recent years, from
12% in 2008 to 23.4% in 2014, far above National (from 6.1% to 12.7%)
and European trends (from 7.2% to 10.2%).
The adoption of new business models based
on the collaborative networks paradigm and
the use of appropriate ICTs could contribute to
the sustainable development of territories like
Calabria

3. Collaborative Networks in the agro-food
and tourism sectors
Collaborative Networks paradigm (CNs) focus on the sharing of information resources,
technologies, responsibilities, goals and values ​​between the different networking
partners. In a Collaborative Network the different actors operate acting as a single
entity, aware that the advantage of the whole CN is the precondition for the realization
of an individual advantage. (Camarinha-Matos & Afsarmanesh, 2005)
In the Agro-Food sector AAFNs represent a new business models in terms of value
proposition, distribution channels, customer relationships, arrangement of activities
and resources, partner network, cost structure and revenue model.
In the tourism sector, local tour operators have started to organize themselves
spontaneously in tourist offices, or tourist districts in order to provide a unified offer
able to compete with the big tourism operators (Erkus-Otzurk & Eraydın, 2010;
Robinson et al., 2013).
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

4. economic actors
(farmers, processors,
service providers and
consumers).
Stage/Activity
Information and
materials flow
Agro-Food System (AFS) as Network &
Alternative Agro-Food Networks (AAFNs)
AFS may be modeled by a complex network of economic actors (farmers, processors, service providers
and consumers) performing a set of integrated activities:
AAFNs: a Collaborative Network characterized by:
• minimization of the physical distances between
producer and consumer (geographical
proximity),
• minimization of the n. of intermediary in the
food supply chain and by a re-connection or
close communication among producers and
consumers (social proximity).
• new forms of relationship and governance of
the actors’ network
• re-distribution of value for primary producers
• economy of scope: new premium quality food
production, conversion to organic and low
external input farming practices, multi-
functional farm enterprises, place-based
production and marketing initiatives, new
modes of food provision
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

5. AAFNs: Organizational Forms (1)
Direct (on farm) sale (DoFS): direct
selling that facilitates closer producer–
consumer one to one relations
While consumers are travelling to the rural
countryside to purchase agro-food, they
may learn the original cultural, geographical
and economic context linked to the food
Pick your own (PYO): consumers gather
products by their own directly from the
field. PYO lets consumers confidently make
connections and associations with the
place/space of production and, the values
of the people involved and the production
methods employed.
Box schemes (BSs): farmers’
cooperatives and local consumption
groups ensure a regular procurement of
seasonal food grown up and harvested in
the local community
Producers regularly deliver agro-food to a network of consumers on a
subscription basis where customers sign up in advance to get what the
scheme makes available (content of the box is imposed and variable).
As the content of the box is imposed and variable, consumers have to
cook according to what they get each week recovering skills and
knowledge on seasonality and local variety of vegetables
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

6. AAFNs: Organizational Forms (2)
Collective farm shops (CFSs): farmers act together to set up and jointly manage a shop (in a
town or a suburban/urban area) where they can sell their local products. Products are sold
(usually every day) by some of the farmers themselves, or by a qualified and trusted third
organization.
• shared agreement to regulate the behavior of individual producers, the store management
and the joining of new participants (producers learn from each other how to manage a
distribution structure that encompasses that of the individual producer)
• no direct contact among consumers and food producer
• the intermediary pays close attention to food provenance and methods of production
(opportunities to consumers to know where food came from and how it was produced)
Farmers’ markets (FMs): markets (generally placed in urban areas with periodic frequency),
where a group of farmers meets and each producer directly sells his own agro-food products to
single customers. Products are ‘local’ (usually produced within 50 km from the market place) and
manufacturers are directly involved in sales
• higher social interaction,
• learning opportunities: for consumers (knowing vendors and their food production practices)
and for producers (e.g. consumers’ demand, or other producers marketing practice).
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

7. Community-supported agriculture (CSA). An alliance of consumers and local farmers: the
former agree to buy seasonal food from the latter are responsible for periodical delivery at
consumers’ home:
consumers as shareholders, purchasing a share of agricultural production by paying in advance
(on the base of overall estimated production costs)
consumers negotiate the process of production (e.g., the content of the box over the growing
season, the choice of crop varieties, etc.) with the farmer(s) and the system of distribution, and
take part in decisions which they are ordinarily excluded from. This negotiation process enable a
knowledge sharing process between consumers and producers
community members share risks with the manufacturer for a possible crop failure.
AAFNs: Organizational Forms (3)
Collective buying groups (CBGs): organized consumers that choose to commonly buy directly
from selected producers. Consumers are not only purchasers of goods, but also an active
participants of the AAFN (acquiring and sharing information, and defining quality criteria for
products to purchase). They share their ‘shopping lists’ to create a unique cumulative order
submitted to each producer who is charged to deliver ordered products to a unique pick up site.
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017
Users first select a garden size based on the number of people they’d like to feed
and the kind of products to cultivate in the garden (vegetables, fruit+vegetables,
rice+ fruit+vegetables,…)
www.leverduredelmioorto.it/
Le Verdure Del Mio Orto (‘The Vegetables from my Garden’)
“lets anyone build an organic garden right from their web browser.”

8. Many other AAFN forms are possible

9. Collaboration Levels of producers and
consumers clusters in AAFNs forms
Camarinha-Matos & Afsarmanesh (2006)
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

10. Alternative Agro-Food Networks (AAFNs)
under a learning perspective
Every AAFNs forms (Direct on Farm Sales, Farmers Markets, Box Schema, CSA) provide a
learning space where a variety of information and knowledge related to agriculture, the
environment, food production, traditions, healthy eating and consumer values may be
exchanged during the face-to-face interactions between consumers and producers
(Fonte, 2008).
Appropriate learning relationships among people acting in agro-food cultural settings may:
 revitalize local/traditional knowledge;
 encourage sustainable land management;
 increase mutual understanding among value chain stakeholders;
 engender trust and collaboration within an agro-ecological community;
 educate consumers about where their food comes from, including the environmental and
social conditions of its production.
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

11. Situated Learning & AAFNs
Situated learning places a learner in a setting where the process of gaining knowledge
is contextualized in an experiential participation framework and learning is a social
process that is situated in a specific context and embedded within a particular social and
physical environment. (Lave & Wenger, 1991);
AAFNs facilitate a range of situated learning opportunities for both consumers and
producers. In a AAFN, while producers and consumers are involved in agro-food
activities they are engaged in social relations and actively participate in continuous
experience-based learning processes that is placed in the AAFN’s context
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

12. Mobiquitous Services may augment
SLOs for actor adhering to AAFNs in terms
of:
Permanency;
Accessibility;
Interactivity;
Situatedness;
Adaptability.
KIS
F2FI
Context
LCD
Source Knowledge Domain
Main components:
•Face-to-Face interaction (F2FI) situated context,
•Knowledge and Information Source (KIS),
•Learning Content Domain (LCD).
M-Service
Situated Learning Opportunities (SLOs) model in AAFN
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017
Mobiquitous learning (also called context-aware ubiquitous learning, u-learning, or
pervasive and mobile learning) has been recognized as being a promising paradigm
for situated learning
It is defined as learning process where pervasive and mobile computing “takes part
in an experience of immersion as a mediator between the learner’s mental (e.g.,
needs, preferences, prior knowledge), physical (e.g., objects, other learners close
by) and virtual (e.g., content accessible with mobile devices, artefacts) contexts”
( Laine, Teemu Henrikki and Joy, Mike. 2009)

13. A review of m-apps for AAFNs
Research Question: to what extent existing mobile applications are supporting
consumers engaged in AAFNs in increasing their situated learning opportunities?
Purpose: this question is intended to find out how apps have been harnessed to
support consumers in existing AAFN organizations. The results of this question can
be used to discover and combine ways of employing innovative app-based M-
services to assist consumers in AAFNs.
How: A review of available mobile applications was conducted between March
and May 2015 by accessing from Italy on the two main digital distribution
platforms for mobile devices (application stores): App Store (IOS), and Google Play
(Android), both of them counting more than 1,000,000 apps.
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

14. Methodology: Inclusion and exclusion criteria
The shopping, travel & local info and lifestyle categories were searched . In addition, search terms
relating to AAFNs were employed to identify any remaining relevant apps,
Selection criteria:
app description is written in English and/or in Italian;
some AAFN forms is featured within the app preview (keywords, description, or screenshots);
app preview (or associated website, if available) claims that the app could be used to get
informational services, or to manage transactions in some AAFN forms;
app exhibits some mobiquitous features
126 selected apps
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

15. # app per AAFNs’ Form
N. APPS
AAFN FORM
DoFS FM BS/CSA CBG CK
1 AAFN FORM 92
42 X
38 X
10 x
0 X
2 X
2 AAFN FORMS 29
17 X X
3 X X
4 X X
1 X X
4 X X
3 AAFN FORMS 5
3 X X X
2 X X X
TOTAL 126 67 65 24 7 2
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

16. Methodology: app functions classification
All the reviewed app have been analysed taking into account both the information flow direction and the
function scope of each app function:
Social oriented Social reporting Social push Social searching
Decision support
oriented
Decision support
reporting
Decision support push
Decision support
searching
Task automation
reporting informational interactional
Data Source: apps description in the store apps preview and in associated web sites (if available) + most apps
were downloaded and their information flow was analyzed
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

17. Methodology: multidimensional analysis space
(I level): each app function was mapped into a
function analysis space:
People
(II level): each app was mapped into a similar analysis space, according to functions it provides (an app may
provide many functions of a same type, but with different dimensional values)
People
Agro-food products
Operation
Organization
Culture
Enviroment
Identity
Location
time
• Categorization dimension value: (knowledge-based, partially knowledge-based, no knowledge-based);
• Contextualization dimension value: (context-driven, partially context-driven, no context-driven);
• KIS width dimension value: (no AAFN community, partially AAFN community oriented, AAFN community
oriented organizationally oriented, organizationally & personally oriented, personally oriented);
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

18. Social oriented
# 46 apps (36% of the 126 reviewed) provide social reporting functionalities;
# 35 apps (28%) provide social reporting & social searching functionalities;
# 1 app (L'orto in tasca) provides social reporting, social searching & social
pushing functionalities.
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

19. Social oriented functionalities
(KIS width dimension )
#20 apps (14%) are (partially) AAFN community oriented, i.e. they make available social
reporting and searching on an internal social channel  these apps are more orient to support
virtual Connections Between AAFNs members.
#26 apps (19%) are no AAFN community oriented [15 reporting&searching + 11 reporting] 
these apps are more oriented to promote the involvement in the AAFN community of new users
reviewed apps
(#126)
apps with social oriented
functions
(#46)
(partially) AAFN community oriented
apps with reporting and searching
(#20)
no-AAFN community oriented apps
with reporting and searching
(#15)
no-AAFN community oriented apps
with reporting but without searching
(#11)
apps without social
oriented functions
(#80)
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

20. Analysis results of (partially) community oriented apps with
respect Knowledge and Context dimensions
#18 apps (13%) are (partially) AAFN community oriented and (partially) knowledge-based
Of these 18 apps, 13 are focused on one LCD Category (10 app focus on organization), 3 apps on
two LCD categories, and 2 on three LCD categories
15 apps (11%) are (partially) AAFN community oriented, knowledge-based, and (partially)
context driven, These 15 apps provide AAFN crowd, categorized, e contextualized
reporting/searching functions, thus are more likely able to offer situated learning
.
(partially) AAFN
community oriented
apps with social
reporting & searching
functions
(#20)
(partially) knowledge-
based
(#18)
(partially) context
driven
(#15)
no context-driven
(#3)
no knowledge-based
(#2)
no context-driven
(#2)
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017
opportunities to their users
permanency: for all the reviewed social apps, reported messages are archived with author-time
stamps, and, in 5 cases, even with location stamps. This could give the chance to AAFN community
people to implicitly learn from their past behavior, or the actions of other people in similar positions;
situatedness: (partially) context-driven apps let the related M-service be aware of the current
situation of the users that are interacting with it by implicitly detecting their identity, time, and (in
certain cases) location. This enables some M-services to give the user a more effective way of
managing messages, of accessing contact data, and of communicating with other people that are part
of the same context (i.e., in close spatial and temporal proximity and with similar interests),
accessibility: apps with context-aware searching functions are valuable to provide the user with
automated or assisted access to contextual updates in social channels.

21. # 126 app (100% of reviewed apps) provide decision support searching funcionalities;
# 71 app (56%) provide decision support reporting funcionalities
# 33 app (26%) provide decision support pushing funcionalities
# 40 app (32%) provide decision support task automation funcionalities
Decision supportfunctionalities
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

22. Decision support Searching
Decision Support
Searching
(#app 126)
Organizational
(#app 99)
Knowledge based
(#app 82)
context driven
(#app 17)
partially context driven
(#app 65)
partially Knowledge
based
(#app 17)
partially context driven
(#app 17)
Personal&Organizational
(#app 27)
Knowledge based
(#app 25)
Context driven
(#app 4)
partially context driven
(#app 21)
partially Knowledge
based
(#app 2)
partially context driven
(#app 2)
All the apps provide decision support searching feautres that are (partially) knowledge based e
(partially) context driven.
They support users in their research activities through the use of knowledge structures
(predefined ontologies or taxonomies) and at the same time are able to filter the data and
information made accessible to the user using data related to the context of ' interaction between
the application and the user.
Most of them, enable, the users, to search a an AAFN (LCD Category: Organization) near the user
(Context item: location) and in some cases they are able to filter the results by comparing the
operating schedule of the activities AAFN with that recorded at the time of the research (item
Context: time), or considering user’s preferencies (favorites) (Context item: identity).
They support Situated learning opportunities in particolar before the F2FI (learning before doing)
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

23. Decision support reporting
#66 apps (52%) provide Decision support reporting, (partially) Knowledge based functionalities
 add a product/AAFN/recepies to your favorite;
 send us a photo;
 add a market date, or an event to your personal calendar;
 create a shopping list;
 add your Facebook friends;
 add a new AAFN or send a messad reporting inaccurate data
 add a new event
#3 apps (partially) Knowledge based & oriented to personal KIS use the context item Time
#39 apps (partially) Knowledge based , & oriented to organizational KIS are contextualized but
just #1 app uses the context items identity & location in supporting the user in the decision
support reporting while #38 of them use just the identity
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

24. Decision support Pushing
only # 29 apps (23%) offer push notification services
#28 apps use di context item to push agli knowlwdge based messages to users
Context item
subset
LCD
Category
decision support pushing
Identity Location Time Identity,
Location
Identity,
time
Location,
Time
Identity,
Location,
Time
People
Agri-Food
Product
23
Operations 1 22
Organization 2 1
Culture 2
Environment 1
#23 apps send to loyal consumers
messages regarding the presence of
particular offers, or discounts on
products to buy
# 1 app sends coupons to users, located
in close proximity of the AAFN
# 22 apps notify to users the
approaching of the orders’ closing date
# 2 app send push notifications to users
when they are near am AAFN
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

25. Task automation
# 40 apps (32%) offer of task automation features (#30 of these apps offer e-commerce services)
# 38 of them use contextual elements (# 36 identity context item, # 1 identity and location and
time, 1 location)
Only one app (American Farmers) uses both the user identity that the time and place of
interaction to offer an check-in at the farmers' market and send badges that allow the user to
keep track of his habits
21
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017
#21 apps use the same framework
Three River TC Local Foods RHO Market Purple Porch
Penn's Corner Farm Stand Monroe Farm Market
…

26. Conclusion (situated learning in AAFNs)
None of the reviewed apps exhibits pervasiveness characteristics;
All the reviewed apps exhibit a restricted context awareness capacity and use of
contextual data also appears very limited
Even if with different degrees of sophistication, some apps offer situated learning
opportunities to its users in particular before the F2FI (learn before doing). They help
users
 to identify and select the AAFN
 to select the participants in the F2FI,
 to detecting the time, location and the environment of the F2FI
 to determine the elements of the Learning Content
The identification of main Situated Learning Opportunities (SLOs) in AAFN initiatives,
enable to conceive new mobile services, or combine those provided by different
applications, to provide more accurate information to the right people, at the right time,
and at the right place…
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

27. Tourism Destination interactions and the
offered tourism services
Murphy, Pritchard e Smith (2000) define a Tourism
Destination as :
«an amalgam of individual, products and
experience opportunities that combine to form a
total experience of the area visited»
The presence of attraction factors (i.e. natural
resources and monuments), and social factors (i.e.,
the language spoken and friendliness of the local
people), although a necessary condition, is not
enough for turning a territory in a TD (Dunn Ross
and Iso- Ahola, 1991; Buckley, 1994).
A key factor for the rise and continuous
development of a TD resides in the quality and
efficacy of relations among service providers and
between them and the destination’s environment.
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

28. a tourism operator that ‘extends’ its business
boundaries by involving all or some of its suppliers in
the product packaging and delivery in order to offer
customers possibilities to a more complete tourism
experience
need to provide a more
complete tourism experience
a temporary alliance of private and public
organisations that come together to share skills or
core competencies and resources in order to better
respond to business opportunities
Business opportunity: Tourism
package composition
Regional Tourism Operators
In a Business Ecosystem in tourism sector, members share values, culture and infrastructures and have the potential and the
willingness to cooperate in order to pursue the general long-term objectives of territory development and competitiveness.
When a business opportunity is identified, a subset of the Tourism Breeding Environment members can be rapidly selected to
become part of a short term collaborative networked organisations, CNOs, oriented to catch the opportunity.
Relationship between TBE, TVOs and TEEs

29. Turist 2.0 Life-cycle
DREAMING
In this phase, tourists look for inspiration
for their vacation.
IN THE PAST, most of the ideas came from
photos, stories and memories of friends’
past experiences, or brochures of travel
agencies ,or tour operators.
NOWADAYS the dream of holiday is fed by
an overabundance of photos, videos, or
maps on the web, allowing users to gain
virtual previews of the holiday, explore
places, identify the location, refer to
opinions and recommendations published
by travellers who already had an
experience and then prospected tourists
begin to ‘dream’ their vacation.
category of ICT services«ispiration
portals»
EXPERIENCING
This phase is mainly related with the in-
place tourism activities: the tourist
overnight stays in hotels, make
excursions, enjoy meals, visit local
attractions etc.. The main difference with
the past at this stage is the availability of
contextualised information offered to the
2.0 tourist through mobile devices as well
as the opportunity to share location-
based multimedia contents
Based on location, user profile
(preferences), time, and pre-stored trip
information, a user get recommendations
about points of interest, plan personalised
tours, get informed on open nearby
restaurant according to his time, be
advised where to eat on the basis of his
food preferences, get public transport
information, etc.
PLANNING&BOOKING
Once the tourist identifies the potential
destination he proceeds with the detailed
planning of the trip. He has to make
reservations of transportation,
accommodation and any additional
services (car rental, excursions, events,
etc.) that will complete the tourism
package.
IN THE PAST: planning and booking
activities were generally carried out by
TAs and TOs, who had to book
transportation, accommodations, and
activities or to create complete packages
for the customer whose only concern was
to pay the broker.
NOWADAYS: the availability of web
services based on comparison,
recommendation systems, and booking
services like booking.com, trivago.com, e-
dreams.com expedia.com, etc., leads
consumers to make self-service
reservations,
RECOLLECTING
After experiencing the holiday, the tourist
comes back home and remembers the
experience through photo albums,
souvenirs and storytelling. At this phase of
the tourism 2.0 lifecycle, the main ICT
tools are those based on sharing services,
as in the dreaming phase. The meaning of
using specialised portals to share photos,
videos, stories and opinions on visited
places is to collect some snapshot of the
vacation in order to recall its memory and
to give tips and advices on the
experienced TD
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

30. Relationshipbetweenthetourismdestinationandthetouristsneeds
alongthe2.0lifecycle
DMO Destination Management Organization
Marco Della Gala – CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

31. Conclusion
The importance of a collaborative and distributed and efficient supply chain management for a
TD is related both to the possibility to give sustainable development to the destinations, and to
the necessity to answer to the request of personalised tourism offer, in line with the new
demand trends.
A characterisation of the organisational forms of collaborative organisations proper of the
tourism sector has been proposed.
The research propose the adoption of CN models for a TD highlighting how ICT evolution made
much more efficient and timely the way both of being a tourist (introducing the 2.0 tourist life
cycle) and to manage, coordinate and control activities of networked organisations.
Business models and ICTs for developing local agro-food and tourism systems– CCRI Seminar Series 09-02-2017

32. Publications
1. Volpentesta A. P., Ammirato, S., Della Gala M. (2013). Classifying short agrifood supply chains under a knowledge and social learning perspective, Rural
Society Journal, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 217–229, 2013.
2. Ammirato S., Della Gala M., Volpentesta A. P. (2013). Alternative Agrifood Networks as Learning Communities: Some Issues for a Classification Model, in
Information Systems, E-learning, and Knowledge Management Research, Lytras M. D. and et al (Eds.), CCIS Vol. 278, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,
2013, pp. 293-300.
3. Volpentesta A. P., Della Gala M. (2013). Analyzing mobile services in Alternative Agrifood Networks, in “Collaborative Systems for Reindustrialization”, L.M.
Camarinha-Matos and R.J. Scherer (Eds.): PRO-VE 2013, IFIP AICT 408, pp. 314–324, 2013.
4. Ammirato S., Felicetti A. M., Della Gala M. (2015). Rethinking tourism destinations: collaborative network models for the tourist 2.0. International Journal
of Knowledge-Based Development, 6(3), 178-201.
5. Ammirato S., Felicetti A. M., Della Gala M., Aramo-Immonen H., Jussila J. J. (2015). Knowledge Management and Emerging Collaborative Networks in
Tourism Business Ecosystems. In ECKM 2015 - the 16th European Conference on Knowledge Management ECKM 2015; Udine Italy.
6. Ammirato S., Felicetti A.M., Della Gala M. (2014). Tourism destination management: a collaborative approach. In Collaborative Systems for Smart
Networked Environments, Edited by L.M. Camarinha-Matos and H. Afsarmanesh. 15th IFIP Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises. Springer Berlin
Heidelberg.
7. Ammirato S., Felicetti A.M., Della Gala M.(2014). Characterizing collaborative organization models in the tourism sector. In Knowledge and Management
Models for Sustainable Growth - 9th edition of the International Forum on Knowledge Asset Dynamics. Matera – Italy.
8. Della Gala M. (2015). Business models and ICT services to support the development of agro-food sustainable local systems. Poster presented at the
Entrepreneurial Summer Academy - Tradeit – Support for the traditional food sector 22-25 June, Como (IT)
9. Volpentesta A. P., Della Gala M. (2015) “Modelli operativi di filiera e multifiliera per sistemi di servizi innovativi verso l'introduzione di nuove tecnologie e
processi ” Technical Report OR2 - A2.3 Progetto DirectFood.