Bus 308
Week 3 Discussion 3
Read Lecture 3. React to the material in this lecture. Is there anything you found to be unclear about setting up and using Excel for these statistical techniques? Looking at the data, present an ANOVA on the differences by grade mean on a variable—other than compa-ratio or salary—you feel might be important in answering our equal pay for equal work question. Interpret your results.
Learning more about the chai square was good for me, especially as I struggled with this concept in the recent past. The first chai square test is the goodness of fit text, and the second is contingency table test for independence. It’s good to go through Excel and actually do some hands on learning. Because I wanted to work out the chai square I sued the Fx Stastistal function, found in the lecture between steps 4 and 5. I feel like going through these questions in lecture 3 went by quicker than lecture 2, which is a major plus for me.
Writing Standards
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the most important skillsets we can teach you at Strayer. This guide gives you a starting point for ensuring;
Your writing looks and sounds professional
You give credit to others in your work
Writing Assignments
Title Page
Start your paper with a title page and include assignment title, your name, the course title, your professor’s name, and date.
For all other writing assignments, see assignment guidelines.
Body
Include page numbers.
For your paper, use double spacing. For all other writing assignments, see assignment spacing guidelines.
Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, or Calibri font style.
Use 10-12 point font size for the body of your text.
For tables/charts/graphs/image, see assignment guidelines.
Clear and Ethical Writing
Writing should be in active voice when possible, use appropriate language, and be concise.
Use the point of view (first, second, or third person) required by the assignment guidelines.
Use spelling and grammar check tools to help ensure your work is error free.
Include in text citations and a reference page when the assignment requires research.
If a source is cited within the paper, then it needs to be listed on the reference page.
If a source is listed on the reference page, then it needs to be cited within the paper.
Reference Page
Include a reference page only when the assignment requires research.
Type Reference Page centered on the first line of the page.
Organize references in a numbered list and in order of use throughout the paper. If a source is cited more than once, use the original number.
In Text Citations
When quoting or paraphrasing another source in your writing, you need to give credit by using an in text citation. An in text citation includes the author’s last name and the number of the reference from the reference page list. Remember, only writing assignments that include research require in text citations.
Incorporate in text citations into sentences by u ...
ENG 130- Literature and Comp Literary Response for Setting.docxgidmanmary
ENG 130- Literature and Comp
Literary Response for Setting as a Device
Essay ENG 130: Literary Response for Setting
This assignment focuses on your ability to: learn how to interpret the literary device of
setting and how it affects all of the elements of the story.
The purpose of completing this assignment is: as a student, in your career, and
individual lives, you will often need to look beyond the plot and summary of what you are
reading, and put a different spin on it. An example of this might be interpreting data and the
varying components of how that data was created, as well as what to do with the data as you
move forward.
______________________________________________________________
Prompt (What are you writing about?):
How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Note: Remember that Setting is not only the place in which a story occurs. It is also mood,
weather, time, and atmosphere. These things drive other parts of the story.
Instructions (how to get it done):
Read through all of the instructions of this assignment.
Read all of the unit resources.
Select one of the short stories to write about.
Your audience for this essay is people who have read the stories.
Decide in what three ways the setting contributes to the plot of your chosen story.
Formulate a thesis about setting and these three areas.
Your essay prompt is: How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Your essay will have the following components:
o A title page
o An Introduction
o A thesis at the end of the introduction that clearly states how setting affects the story
o Supporting sections that defend your thesis/focus of the essay
o Text support with properly cited in-text citations
o A concluding paragraph
o A reference page
Requirements:
Length and format: 2-3 pages.
The title page and reference page are also required, but they should not be factored into the
2-3 page length of the essay.
It should also be double spaced, written in Times New Roman, in 12 point font and with 1 inch
margins. Essay should conform to APA formatting and citation style.
Use the third-person, objective voice, avoiding personal pronouns such as “I,” “you,” “we,” etc.
Please use the short story sources and any outside sources you need to create a properly-
formatted APA reference page.
Use APA format for in-text citations and references when using outside sources and textual
evidence.
Skills to be assessed with this assignment: creating effective thesis statements, incorporating
text, responding to literature.
Please be cautious about plagiarism. Make sure to use in-text citations for direct quotes,
paraphrases, and new information.
Sources: Choose one of the stories that you read in Unit 2/Setting Unit
“To Build a Fire” by Jack London
“The Storm” by Kate Chopin
“The Cask of Amontillado” b ...
3Type your name hereType your three-letter and -number cours.docxlorainedeserre
3
Type your name here
Type your three-letter and -number course code here
The date goes here
Type instructor’s name here
Your Title Goes Here
This is an electronic template for papers written in GCU style. The purpose of the template is to help you follow the basic writing expectations for beginning your coursework at GCU. Margins are set at 1 inch for top, bottom, left, and right. The first line of each paragraph is indented a half inch (0.5"). The line spacing is double throughout the paper, even on the reference page. One space after punctuation is used at the end of a sentence. The font style used in this template is Times New Roman. The font size is 12 point. When you are ready to write, and after having read these instructions completely, you can delete these directions and start typing. The formatting should stay the same. If you have any questions, please consult with your instructor.
Citations are used to reference material from another source. When paraphrasing material from another source (such as a book, journal, website), include the author’s last name and the publication year in parentheses.When directly quoting material word-for-word from another source, use quotation marks and include the page number after the author’s last name and year.
Using citations to give credit to others whose ideas or words you have used is an essential requirement to avoid issues of plagiarism. Just as you would never steal someone else’s car, you should not steal his or her words either. To avoid potential problems, always be sure to cite your sources. Cite by referring to the author’s last name, the year of publication in parentheses at the end of the sentence, such as (George & Mallery, 2016), and page numbers if you are using word-for-word materials. For example, “The developments of the World War II years firmly established the probability sample survey as a tool for describing population characteristics, beliefs, and attitudes” (Heeringa, West, & Berglund, 2017, p. 3).
The reference list should appear at the end of a paper (see the next page). It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text. A sample reference page is included below; this page includes examples (George & Mallery, 2016; Heeringa et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018; “USA swimming,” 2018; Yu, Johnson, Deutsch, & Varga, 2018) of how to format different reference types (e.g., books, journal articles, and a website). For additional examples, see the GCU Style Guide.
References
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. New York, NY: Routledge.
Heeringa, S. G., West, B. T., & Berglund, P. A. (2017). Applied survey data analysis (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
Smith, P. D., Martin, B., Chewning, B., ...
ENG 130- Literature and Comp Literary Response for Setting.docxchristinemaritza
ENG 130- Literature and Comp
Literary Response for Setting as a Device
Essay ENG 130: Literary Response for Setting
Sources: Choose one of the stories that you read in Unit 2/Setting Unit
“To Build a Fire” by Jack London
“The Storm” by Kate Chopin
“This is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” by Alexie
“The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe
Prompt (What are you writing about?):
How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Note: Remember that Setting is not only the place in which a story occurs. It is also mood,
weather, time, and atmosphere. These things drive other parts of the story.
How to get started:
Choose a story from this unit and discern all the elements of the Setting.
Decide in what three ways the setting contributes to the plot of your chosen story.
Formulate a thesis about setting and these three areas.
Mini lesson on thesis statements:
If you were writing about Star Wars, a sample thesis might read:
The setting in the Star Wars movies contributes to the desperateness of the
Resistance forces, provides a vast space for action and conflicts to occur,
focuses on how advances will affect society.
Broken down, this thesis would read:
The Setting in the Star Wars movies:
a. contributes to the desperateness of the Resistance forces (write
a supporting section with text examples)
b. provides a vast space for action and conflicts to occur, focuses
on how advances will affect society (write a supporting section
with text examples)
c. focuses on how advances will affect society (write a supporting
section with text examples)
Ask yourself, what is the setting of my story and how does it affect the plot
in the story?
For example, it is apparent that in London’s “To Build a Fire,” you would
devote a supporting section to how the weather conditions drive both the
conflict and the character’s actions.
After you have made connections to the three areas that setting affects, then
form your thesis. Here is a template for your thesis:
The Setting in author’s name and title of the story, contributes to first way
in which the setting affects the story, second way in which setting affects
the story, third way in which setting affects the story.
Instructions:
Read through all of the instructions of this assignment.
Read all of the unit resources.
Select one of the short stories to write about.
Your audience for this essay is people who have read the stories.
Your essay prompt is: How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Your essay will have the following components:
o A title page
o An Introduction
o A thesis at the end of the introduction that clearly states how setting affects the story
o Supporting sections that defend your thesis/focus of the essay
o Text support with properly cited in-text citations
o A concluding paragraph
o A re.
Writing Standards
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the most important skillsets we can teach you at Strayer. This guide gives you a starting point for ensuring;
Your writing looks and sounds professional
You give credit to others in your work
Writing Assignments
Title Page
Start your paper with a title page and include assignment title, your name, the course title, your professor’s name, and date.
For all other writing assignments, see assignment guidelines.
Body
Include page numbers.
For your paper, use double spacing. For all other writing assignments, see assignment spacing guidelines.
Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, or Calibri font style.
Use 10-12 point font size for the body of your text.
For tables/charts/graphs/image, see assignment guidelines.
Clear and Ethical Writing
Writing should be in active voice when possible, use appropriate language, and be concise.
Use the point of view (first, second, or third person) required by the assignment guidelines.
Use spelling and grammar check tools to help ensure your work is error free.
Include in text citations and a reference page when the assignment requires research.
If a source is cited within the paper, then it needs to be listed on the reference page.
If a source is listed on the reference page, then it needs to be cited within the paper.
Reference Page
Include a reference page only when the assignment requires research.
Type Reference Page centered on the first line of the page.
Organize references in a numbered list and in order of use throughout the paper. If a source is cited more than once, use the original number.
In Text Citations
When quoting or paraphrasing another source in your writing, you need to give credit by using an in text citation. An in text citation includes the author’s last name and the number of the reference from the reference page list. Remember, only writing assignments that include research require in text citations.
Incorporate in text citations into sentences by using signal phrases (a group of words or phrase that tells the reader someone else's thoughts or ideas follow) and/or parentheticals (source information contained in parenthesis). A well-written paragraph focuses on one idea and normally includes 1-2 in text citations. Try to use a mix of signal phrases and parentheticals to avoid sounding dull and to make sure your paper is well balanced.
Option #1: Quoting - citing another person's work word for word
Do not quote more than one sentence (approximately 25 words) at a time.
Place quotation marks at the beginning and the end of the quoted information.
Do not start a sentence with a quotation.
SIGNAL PHRASE EXAMPLES:
As Smith wrote in his book, “Writing at a college level requires informed research” (1).
Smith (1) explained in his book, “Writing at a college level requires informed research.”
PARENTHETICAL EXAMPLE:
Many authors agree that “Writing at a college level requires informed research” (Smith ...
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL 1
Branching Paths: A Novel Teacher Evaluation Model for Faculty Development
Kim A. Park,1 James P. Bavis,1 and Ahn G. Nu2
1Department of English, Purdue University
2Center for Faculty Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Quad City University
Author Note
Kim A. Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
James P. Bavis is now at the MacLeod Institute for Music Education, Green Bay, WI.
We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ahn G. Nu, Dept. of
Educational Psychology, 253 N. Proctor St., Quad City, WA, 09291. Email: [email protected]
jforte
Text Box
Page numbers begin on the first page and follow on every subsequent page without interruption. No other information (e.g., authors' last names) are required.
jforte
Text Box
Note: Green text boxes contain explanations of APA 7's paper formatting guidelines...
jforte
Text Box
...while blue text boxes contain directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
jforte
Text Box
The paper's title should be centered, bold, and written in title case. It should be three or four lines below the top margin of the page. In this sample paper, we've put three blank lines above the title.
jforte
Text Box
The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title that appears on every page. It is written in all capitals, and it should be flush left in the document's header. No "Running head:" label is included in APA 7. If the paper's title is fewer than 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation), the actual title may be used rather than a shortened form.
jforte
Text Box
Author notes contain the following parts in this order:
1. Bold, centered "Author Note" label.
2. ORCID iDs
3. Changes of author affiliation.
4. Disclosures/ acknowledgments
5. Contact information.
Each part is optional (i.e., you should omit any parts that do not apply to your manuscript, or omit the note entirely if none apply).
Format each item as its own indented paragraph.
jforte
Text Box
Authors' names appear two lines below the title. They should be written as follows:
First name, middle initial(s), last name.
Omit all professional titles and/or degrees (e.g., Dr., Rev., PhD, MA).
jforte
Text Box
Authors' affiliations follow immediately after their names. If the authors represent multiple institutions, as is the case in this sample, use superscripted numbers to indicate which author is affiliated with which institution. If all authors represent the same institution, do not use any numbers.
jforte
Text Box
ORCID is an organization that allows researchers and scholars to register professional profiles so that they can easily connect with one another. To include an ORCID iD in your author note, simply provide the author's name, followed by the green iD icon (hyperlinked to the URL that follows) and a hyperlink to the appropriate ORCID page.
jforte
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jforte
Line
jforte
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jforte
.
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL 1 Branching Paths A Nove.docxfredharris32
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL 1
Branching Paths: A Novel Teacher Evaluation Model for Faculty Development
Kim A. Park,1 James P. Bavis,1 and Ahn G. Nu2
1Department of English, Purdue University
2Center for Faculty Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Quad City University
Author Note
Kim A. Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
James P. Bavis is now at the MacLeod Institute for Music Education, Green Bay, WI.
We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ahn G. Nu, Dept. of
Educational Psychology, 253 N. Proctor St., Quad City, WA, 09291. Email: [email protected]
jforte
Text Box
Page numbers begin on the first page and follow on every subsequent page without interruption. No other information (e.g., authors' last names) are required.
jforte
Text Box
Note: Green text boxes contain explanations of APA 7's paper formatting guidelines...
jforte
Text Box
...while blue text boxes contain directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
jforte
Text Box
The paper's title should be centered, bold, and written in title case. It should be three or four lines below the top margin of the page. In this sample paper, we've put three blank lines above the title.
jforte
Text Box
The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title that appears on every page. It is written in all capitals, and it should be flush left in the document's header. No "Running head:" label is included in APA 7. If the paper's title is fewer than 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation), the actual title may be used rather than a shortened form.
jforte
Text Box
Author notes contain the following parts in this order:
1. Bold, centered "Author Note" label.
2. ORCID iDs
3. Changes of author affiliation.
4. Disclosures/ acknowledgments
5. Contact information.
Each part is optional (i.e., you should omit any parts that do not apply to your manuscript, or omit the note entirely if none apply).
Format each item as its own indented paragraph.
jforte
Text Box
Authors' names appear two lines below the title. They should be written as follows:
First name, middle initial(s), last name.
Omit all professional titles and/or degrees (e.g., Dr., Rev., PhD, MA).
jforte
Text Box
Authors' affiliations follow immediately after their names. If the authors represent multiple institutions, as is the case in this sample, use superscripted numbers to indicate which author is affiliated with which institution. If all authors represent the same institution, do not use any numbers.
jforte
Text Box
ORCID is an organization that allows researchers and scholars to register professional profiles so that they can easily connect with one another. To include an ORCID iD in your author note, simply provide the author's name, followed by the green iD icon (hyperlinked to the URL that follows) and a hyperlink to the appropriate ORCID page.
jforte
Line
jforte
Line
jforte
Line
jforte
.
5Title of the Paper in Full Goes HereStudent Name Here.docxtroutmanboris
5
Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here
Student Name Here
Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
Title of the Paper
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (BSN Students - Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.) This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font, double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1.
Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2.
Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3.
Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a thesis statement) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and avoid using direct quotations. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the to.
ENG 130- Literature and Comp Literary Response for Setting.docxgidmanmary
ENG 130- Literature and Comp
Literary Response for Setting as a Device
Essay ENG 130: Literary Response for Setting
This assignment focuses on your ability to: learn how to interpret the literary device of
setting and how it affects all of the elements of the story.
The purpose of completing this assignment is: as a student, in your career, and
individual lives, you will often need to look beyond the plot and summary of what you are
reading, and put a different spin on it. An example of this might be interpreting data and the
varying components of how that data was created, as well as what to do with the data as you
move forward.
______________________________________________________________
Prompt (What are you writing about?):
How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Note: Remember that Setting is not only the place in which a story occurs. It is also mood,
weather, time, and atmosphere. These things drive other parts of the story.
Instructions (how to get it done):
Read through all of the instructions of this assignment.
Read all of the unit resources.
Select one of the short stories to write about.
Your audience for this essay is people who have read the stories.
Decide in what three ways the setting contributes to the plot of your chosen story.
Formulate a thesis about setting and these three areas.
Your essay prompt is: How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Your essay will have the following components:
o A title page
o An Introduction
o A thesis at the end of the introduction that clearly states how setting affects the story
o Supporting sections that defend your thesis/focus of the essay
o Text support with properly cited in-text citations
o A concluding paragraph
o A reference page
Requirements:
Length and format: 2-3 pages.
The title page and reference page are also required, but they should not be factored into the
2-3 page length of the essay.
It should also be double spaced, written in Times New Roman, in 12 point font and with 1 inch
margins. Essay should conform to APA formatting and citation style.
Use the third-person, objective voice, avoiding personal pronouns such as “I,” “you,” “we,” etc.
Please use the short story sources and any outside sources you need to create a properly-
formatted APA reference page.
Use APA format for in-text citations and references when using outside sources and textual
evidence.
Skills to be assessed with this assignment: creating effective thesis statements, incorporating
text, responding to literature.
Please be cautious about plagiarism. Make sure to use in-text citations for direct quotes,
paraphrases, and new information.
Sources: Choose one of the stories that you read in Unit 2/Setting Unit
“To Build a Fire” by Jack London
“The Storm” by Kate Chopin
“The Cask of Amontillado” b ...
3Type your name hereType your three-letter and -number cours.docxlorainedeserre
3
Type your name here
Type your three-letter and -number course code here
The date goes here
Type instructor’s name here
Your Title Goes Here
This is an electronic template for papers written in GCU style. The purpose of the template is to help you follow the basic writing expectations for beginning your coursework at GCU. Margins are set at 1 inch for top, bottom, left, and right. The first line of each paragraph is indented a half inch (0.5"). The line spacing is double throughout the paper, even on the reference page. One space after punctuation is used at the end of a sentence. The font style used in this template is Times New Roman. The font size is 12 point. When you are ready to write, and after having read these instructions completely, you can delete these directions and start typing. The formatting should stay the same. If you have any questions, please consult with your instructor.
Citations are used to reference material from another source. When paraphrasing material from another source (such as a book, journal, website), include the author’s last name and the publication year in parentheses.When directly quoting material word-for-word from another source, use quotation marks and include the page number after the author’s last name and year.
Using citations to give credit to others whose ideas or words you have used is an essential requirement to avoid issues of plagiarism. Just as you would never steal someone else’s car, you should not steal his or her words either. To avoid potential problems, always be sure to cite your sources. Cite by referring to the author’s last name, the year of publication in parentheses at the end of the sentence, such as (George & Mallery, 2016), and page numbers if you are using word-for-word materials. For example, “The developments of the World War II years firmly established the probability sample survey as a tool for describing population characteristics, beliefs, and attitudes” (Heeringa, West, & Berglund, 2017, p. 3).
The reference list should appear at the end of a paper (see the next page). It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text. A sample reference page is included below; this page includes examples (George & Mallery, 2016; Heeringa et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018; “USA swimming,” 2018; Yu, Johnson, Deutsch, & Varga, 2018) of how to format different reference types (e.g., books, journal articles, and a website). For additional examples, see the GCU Style Guide.
References
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. New York, NY: Routledge.
Heeringa, S. G., West, B. T., & Berglund, P. A. (2017). Applied survey data analysis (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
Smith, P. D., Martin, B., Chewning, B., ...
ENG 130- Literature and Comp Literary Response for Setting.docxchristinemaritza
ENG 130- Literature and Comp
Literary Response for Setting as a Device
Essay ENG 130: Literary Response for Setting
Sources: Choose one of the stories that you read in Unit 2/Setting Unit
“To Build a Fire” by Jack London
“The Storm” by Kate Chopin
“This is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” by Alexie
“The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe
Prompt (What are you writing about?):
How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Note: Remember that Setting is not only the place in which a story occurs. It is also mood,
weather, time, and atmosphere. These things drive other parts of the story.
How to get started:
Choose a story from this unit and discern all the elements of the Setting.
Decide in what three ways the setting contributes to the plot of your chosen story.
Formulate a thesis about setting and these three areas.
Mini lesson on thesis statements:
If you were writing about Star Wars, a sample thesis might read:
The setting in the Star Wars movies contributes to the desperateness of the
Resistance forces, provides a vast space for action and conflicts to occur,
focuses on how advances will affect society.
Broken down, this thesis would read:
The Setting in the Star Wars movies:
a. contributes to the desperateness of the Resistance forces (write
a supporting section with text examples)
b. provides a vast space for action and conflicts to occur, focuses
on how advances will affect society (write a supporting section
with text examples)
c. focuses on how advances will affect society (write a supporting
section with text examples)
Ask yourself, what is the setting of my story and how does it affect the plot
in the story?
For example, it is apparent that in London’s “To Build a Fire,” you would
devote a supporting section to how the weather conditions drive both the
conflict and the character’s actions.
After you have made connections to the three areas that setting affects, then
form your thesis. Here is a template for your thesis:
The Setting in author’s name and title of the story, contributes to first way
in which the setting affects the story, second way in which setting affects
the story, third way in which setting affects the story.
Instructions:
Read through all of the instructions of this assignment.
Read all of the unit resources.
Select one of the short stories to write about.
Your audience for this essay is people who have read the stories.
Your essay prompt is: How does Setting affect/contribute to the plot of your chosen story?
Your essay will have the following components:
o A title page
o An Introduction
o A thesis at the end of the introduction that clearly states how setting affects the story
o Supporting sections that defend your thesis/focus of the essay
o Text support with properly cited in-text citations
o A concluding paragraph
o A re.
Writing Standards
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the most important skillsets we can teach you at Strayer. This guide gives you a starting point for ensuring;
Your writing looks and sounds professional
You give credit to others in your work
Writing Assignments
Title Page
Start your paper with a title page and include assignment title, your name, the course title, your professor’s name, and date.
For all other writing assignments, see assignment guidelines.
Body
Include page numbers.
For your paper, use double spacing. For all other writing assignments, see assignment spacing guidelines.
Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, or Calibri font style.
Use 10-12 point font size for the body of your text.
For tables/charts/graphs/image, see assignment guidelines.
Clear and Ethical Writing
Writing should be in active voice when possible, use appropriate language, and be concise.
Use the point of view (first, second, or third person) required by the assignment guidelines.
Use spelling and grammar check tools to help ensure your work is error free.
Include in text citations and a reference page when the assignment requires research.
If a source is cited within the paper, then it needs to be listed on the reference page.
If a source is listed on the reference page, then it needs to be cited within the paper.
Reference Page
Include a reference page only when the assignment requires research.
Type Reference Page centered on the first line of the page.
Organize references in a numbered list and in order of use throughout the paper. If a source is cited more than once, use the original number.
In Text Citations
When quoting or paraphrasing another source in your writing, you need to give credit by using an in text citation. An in text citation includes the author’s last name and the number of the reference from the reference page list. Remember, only writing assignments that include research require in text citations.
Incorporate in text citations into sentences by using signal phrases (a group of words or phrase that tells the reader someone else's thoughts or ideas follow) and/or parentheticals (source information contained in parenthesis). A well-written paragraph focuses on one idea and normally includes 1-2 in text citations. Try to use a mix of signal phrases and parentheticals to avoid sounding dull and to make sure your paper is well balanced.
Option #1: Quoting - citing another person's work word for word
Do not quote more than one sentence (approximately 25 words) at a time.
Place quotation marks at the beginning and the end of the quoted information.
Do not start a sentence with a quotation.
SIGNAL PHRASE EXAMPLES:
As Smith wrote in his book, “Writing at a college level requires informed research” (1).
Smith (1) explained in his book, “Writing at a college level requires informed research.”
PARENTHETICAL EXAMPLE:
Many authors agree that “Writing at a college level requires informed research” (Smith ...
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL 1
Branching Paths: A Novel Teacher Evaluation Model for Faculty Development
Kim A. Park,1 James P. Bavis,1 and Ahn G. Nu2
1Department of English, Purdue University
2Center for Faculty Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Quad City University
Author Note
Kim A. Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
James P. Bavis is now at the MacLeod Institute for Music Education, Green Bay, WI.
We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ahn G. Nu, Dept. of
Educational Psychology, 253 N. Proctor St., Quad City, WA, 09291. Email: [email protected]
jforte
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Page numbers begin on the first page and follow on every subsequent page without interruption. No other information (e.g., authors' last names) are required.
jforte
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Note: Green text boxes contain explanations of APA 7's paper formatting guidelines...
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...while blue text boxes contain directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
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The paper's title should be centered, bold, and written in title case. It should be three or four lines below the top margin of the page. In this sample paper, we've put three blank lines above the title.
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The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title that appears on every page. It is written in all capitals, and it should be flush left in the document's header. No "Running head:" label is included in APA 7. If the paper's title is fewer than 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation), the actual title may be used rather than a shortened form.
jforte
Text Box
Author notes contain the following parts in this order:
1. Bold, centered "Author Note" label.
2. ORCID iDs
3. Changes of author affiliation.
4. Disclosures/ acknowledgments
5. Contact information.
Each part is optional (i.e., you should omit any parts that do not apply to your manuscript, or omit the note entirely if none apply).
Format each item as its own indented paragraph.
jforte
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Authors' names appear two lines below the title. They should be written as follows:
First name, middle initial(s), last name.
Omit all professional titles and/or degrees (e.g., Dr., Rev., PhD, MA).
jforte
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Authors' affiliations follow immediately after their names. If the authors represent multiple institutions, as is the case in this sample, use superscripted numbers to indicate which author is affiliated with which institution. If all authors represent the same institution, do not use any numbers.
jforte
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ORCID is an organization that allows researchers and scholars to register professional profiles so that they can easily connect with one another. To include an ORCID iD in your author note, simply provide the author's name, followed by the green iD icon (hyperlinked to the URL that follows) and a hyperlink to the appropriate ORCID page.
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A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL 1 Branching Paths A Nove.docxfredharris32
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL 1
Branching Paths: A Novel Teacher Evaluation Model for Faculty Development
Kim A. Park,1 James P. Bavis,1 and Ahn G. Nu2
1Department of English, Purdue University
2Center for Faculty Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Quad City University
Author Note
Kim A. Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
James P. Bavis is now at the MacLeod Institute for Music Education, Green Bay, WI.
We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ahn G. Nu, Dept. of
Educational Psychology, 253 N. Proctor St., Quad City, WA, 09291. Email: [email protected]
jforte
Text Box
Page numbers begin on the first page and follow on every subsequent page without interruption. No other information (e.g., authors' last names) are required.
jforte
Text Box
Note: Green text boxes contain explanations of APA 7's paper formatting guidelines...
jforte
Text Box
...while blue text boxes contain directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
jforte
Text Box
The paper's title should be centered, bold, and written in title case. It should be three or four lines below the top margin of the page. In this sample paper, we've put three blank lines above the title.
jforte
Text Box
The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title that appears on every page. It is written in all capitals, and it should be flush left in the document's header. No "Running head:" label is included in APA 7. If the paper's title is fewer than 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation), the actual title may be used rather than a shortened form.
jforte
Text Box
Author notes contain the following parts in this order:
1. Bold, centered "Author Note" label.
2. ORCID iDs
3. Changes of author affiliation.
4. Disclosures/ acknowledgments
5. Contact information.
Each part is optional (i.e., you should omit any parts that do not apply to your manuscript, or omit the note entirely if none apply).
Format each item as its own indented paragraph.
jforte
Text Box
Authors' names appear two lines below the title. They should be written as follows:
First name, middle initial(s), last name.
Omit all professional titles and/or degrees (e.g., Dr., Rev., PhD, MA).
jforte
Text Box
Authors' affiliations follow immediately after their names. If the authors represent multiple institutions, as is the case in this sample, use superscripted numbers to indicate which author is affiliated with which institution. If all authors represent the same institution, do not use any numbers.
jforte
Text Box
ORCID is an organization that allows researchers and scholars to register professional profiles so that they can easily connect with one another. To include an ORCID iD in your author note, simply provide the author's name, followed by the green iD icon (hyperlinked to the URL that follows) and a hyperlink to the appropriate ORCID page.
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5Title of the Paper in Full Goes HereStudent Name Here.docxtroutmanboris
5
Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here
Student Name Here
Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
Title of the Paper
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (BSN Students - Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.) This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font, double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1.
Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2.
Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3.
Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a thesis statement) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and avoid using direct quotations. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the to.
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-wor.docxalinainglis
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-word discussion.
1. The Federal Reserve Board has enormous power over people's lives with its power to set and influence policy that determines monetary policy in the United States. Do you think this is proper for a democracy to provide the FED with so such power? How is the FED held accountable?
2. Do you believe that the roles of government should change from era to era, or should the US determine the proper role of government and try to maintain it through the ages?
3. Explain Executive Power in the US Constitution and briefly the process by which it developed over the years. Do you think the Framers should have been more specific about the powers of the presidency? Should the country try to make it more specific today?
· Please read the discussions below and write a 100 to 150 words respond for each discussion.
1. (question 1) I do believe that this is proper for a democracy to provided such power to FED. Without the FED the economy would face two problem, which are recessions that can lead into depressions, and inflation. The FED needs to have power to endures the country will not fall into economic trouble. In class professor McWeeney stated that the FED has the power to increase interest rates to control inflation, and the power to decrease interest rates so that theres more money in the economy to create more business and jobs so there wont be a recession. The FED needs these power to try to put the economy in a sweet spot. The FED is held accountable to the government and public. The FED does this by being transparent and giving and annual report to congress.
2. (question 2) I believe that the roles of the government should be changed from era to era. My main reason the roles should be changed is because major changes are constantly happening in the field of law. For example, the progressive era and modern era had several economic reforms that had taken place including increased regulation, anti-trust activity, application of an income tax, raise on social insurance programs, etc. Throughout this time, the government gave women the right to vote. I believe the economy is growing rapidly due to employment relationships, better technology, education, new polices, social and economic changes. This is the reason why the roles of the government should be changed from era to era.
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the
essential skill sets we can teach you at Strayer. The following
guidelines will ensure:
· Your writing is professional
· You avoid plagiarizing others, which is essential to writing ethically
· You give credit to others in your work
Visit Strayer’s Academic Integrity Center for more information.
Winter 2019
https://pslogin.strayer.edu/?dest=academic-support/academic-integrity-center
Strayer University Writing Standards 2
� Include page numbers.
� Use 1-inch margins.
� Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman.
ENGL 101Essay 3 ThesisOutline Instructions and ChecklistCause.docxSALU18
ENGL 101
Essay 3 Thesis/Outline Instructions and Checklist
Cause-and-Effect Argument Essay
In preparation for Essay 3 and by completing your textbook readings, you will be equipped to respond by objectively compiling information from a variety of sources to compose an essay that understands and practices reading, writing, and rhetoric within the context of a biblical worldview; applies methods of sound reasoning; produces well-structured essays; integrates sources accurately and effectively; writes with clarity; recognizes standard usage in English grammar, word choice (diction), phraseology, and sentence structure; and applies knowledge of sentence structure to basic sentence editing and revision (Syllabus MLOs: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and Module/Week 8 LOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
In Module/Week 7, you will write a thesis statement and outline for the cause and effect argument essay that you will write in the next module/week.
Develop an outline for your cause and effect argument essay that includes a clear thesis statement and a plan of support. Be sure to include all parts identified in “Structuring a Cause and Effect Argument” on pages 475–476 in your Practical Argument textbook. In addition, include at least 4 quotations, 1 summary,and 1 paraphrases into your essay from at least 3 outside sources to support your thesis statement and provide opposing argument(s). Be sure to document your sources correctly according to your documentation style (APA, MLA, or Turabian). Your outside sources can include scholarly sources and the Bible. (Note: Wikipedia is NOT an acceptable source for academic writing.)
Cause and Effect Essay Prompt
Write a cause and effect argument in which you answer one of the following questions:
1. How far should the government go to reduce the likelihood of terrorism on American soil?
2. Should illegal immigrants in the Unites States have constitutional rights?
3. Do immigrants have a duty to assimilate themselves into local culture?
Use academic research to include at least 4 quotations, 1 summary, and 1 paraphrase (at least 6 total) from at least 3 sources. Be sure to document your sources correctly according to your documentation style (current APA, MLA, or Turabian). The Bible can count as one of your sources.
After reading pages 468–481 in your Practical Argument textbook, you will be prepared to plan your own cause and effect argument that addresses one of the following questions:
1. How far should the government go to reduce the likelihood of terrorism on American soil?
2. Should illegal immigrants in the Unites States have constitutional rights?
3. Do immigrants have a duty to assimilate themselves into local culture?
Begin by reviewing the reading assignment with special attention to page 468—What is a Cause-and-Effect Argument?, page 471—Understanding Cause-and-Effect Relationships, and pages 475–476—Structuring a Cause-and-Effect Argument.
Next, do some preliminary research about your topic utilizing the scho ...
PAGE 2Communication 200Communication and Social Science.docxalfred4lewis58146
PAGE
2
Communication 200
Communication and Social Science
Ken Sereno
Spring 2014
February 18, 2014
Assignment:
Term Paper
Due Date:April 29, Tuesday. You must send an electronic copy to your TA and to Turnitin.com. (You will
be given instructions on how to submit your paper to Turnitin.com later in the
semester.) Papers submitted after 11:00am will be counted as one day late. Late papers will be penalized 10 points for each late day (not counting Saturdays and Sundays).
% of Grade:
20% (100 points)
Format:
8-12 double-spaced, typed pages (excluding the title, scenario, and
reference pages). Use 12-point font size. Number the pages. Place the page number in the
upper right corner. Have a 1 inch margin for top, bottom and sides. You will be penalized 5 points for every extra page.
Purpose:
To describe and evaluate a communication theory which will be
assigned to you, and to use variables from the theory to explain a
communication scenario, which will be provided to you in your
Discussion Section.
Organization:
Use the following headings to organize your paper. Type these
headings on your paper to introduce each section. Place each
heading in the
center of the page.
Introduction
Description of Theory
Perspective
Evaluation
Application
Conclusion
Sections:
Introduction
Develop interest in the topic or issue. (Demonstrate why the
content the theory deals with is important and relevant to
people’s lives. Use an example, scenario, question, etc. that
will make a reader want to know more. Look at speeches,
newspaper and magazine articles to see how they capture
attention and arouse interest.) Preview what you’ll do in the paper.
Description of Theory
Name, define, and describe every major construct or variable.
(Be sure to look at your Lecture Notes.) Provide examples as needed.
Describe how the variables relate to one another; show how the
theory works. If the theory contains major theoretic propositions,
state them. Provide examples as needed.
You should provide at least one research finding, concept, or
element of content about the theory that you have obtained
through your research, which is not contained in either the text or
class lecture notes.
Perspective
Identify the perspective (Mechanistic, Psychological, Systems)
Justify your judgment. Identify major features of the perspective.
Describe how these features of the perspective are demonstrated
in specific aspects of the theory.
Evaluation
Identify and briefly define the criteria you will use to evaluate
the theory. (Use the criteria described in Chapter 1 of the Lecture Notes.)
Evaluate how strong or weak the theory is on each of the criteria
you are using. Use evidence, logical reasoning and examples
where appropriate to support your judgments.
Practical Application
The purpose of this section is for you to demonstrate how
variables and processes from the theory .
Writing Activity 3: Rough Draft
Due Week 7 and worth 110 points
Instructions:
You have already developed your Working Thesis Statement, Outline, and Starting
Draft. You’ve also received helpful feedback from your instructor. Now it’s time to
create your Rough Draft by continuing to write your essay in the document you
created in weeks 4 and 5. You will use the questions below to guide your work.
You’ll also incorporate the feedback you received from your instructor.
It’s exciting to see how far your essay has already come in just a few short weeks!
ASSIGNMENT 3
Section 1
Rough Draft
Introduction Paragraph(s)
Did you use feedback from your professor to update your introduction
paragraph?
Body Paragraphs
Write 2-5 paragraphs for each of your supporting points. Use the following
questions to ensure you are writing quality body paragraphs.
Does each paragraph include a topic sentence?
Are you including supporting information in each paragraph to make your
point clear, logical, and compelling?
Are you being persuasive?
Logic: Do you persuade your audience that your position is logical and
reasonable? Do you include facts and sources to back up your claims?
Credibility: Do you persuade your audience that you are credible and
trustworthy by using the appropriate point of view, voice, tone,
examples, and credible sources? Are your points ethical and honest?
Emotion: Do you appeal to the emotions of your audience by framing
your position as a problem they can relate to or with which they
can sympathize?
Counter Perspective(s)
It is important to address counter perspective(s) in your essay. Use the
following criteria and select one to three counter perspectives to help
strengthen your position:
Is there evidence to support the counter perspective? Does the
evidence include fallacies (flaws in reasoning)? If so, identify
and explain.
Does the counter perspective leave out an important point? If so,
you should point this out.
Is there more recent or credible evidence to support your perspective?
Conclusion Paragraph(s)
Do you paraphrase or restate your thesis in a new way?
Do you summarize your main points?
Do you state any future research possibilities, if applicable?
Do you leave a lasting impression? How will you get your audience to continue
thinking about your topic and/or take action?
Editing and References
Did you run your Word document through Grammarly and fix the errors?
Did you follow APA guidelines?
Cover page, page numbers, double-spaced, 1” margins, headers,
indented paragraphs, and 12-point Times New Roman font.
In-Text Citations
Do you have 4-6 credible sources?
Have you used APA in-text citations to document your sources?
(Author’s last name, date) For example: (Wielding, 2017).
Do you have a References page?
List all references in alphabetical order with hanging indent(s).
Include major identifying information for each reference.
Appl.
Graded Assignment ENG303B304B American Literature .docxjoyjonna282
Graded Assignment
ENG303B/304B: American Literature | Unit 2 | Lesson 4: Research and Take Notes, Session 2
Name: YOUR NAME HERE
Date: February 2016
Graded Assignment
Research Paper Planning Assignment
Write the outline of your research paper below. The outline should begin with the title of your paper and your thesis statement. You should complete this assignment and submit it to your teacher when you finish the Develop an Outline lesson in this unit.
(5 points)
1. Write a title for your paper that clearly states the topic.
(25 points)
2. Write your thesis statement. Your thesis should state a fact about history and state your idea about the fact.
(70 points)
3. Develop a formal outline for your paper. Use the Making Formal Outlines sheet as a guide for structuring your content. Your outline should demonstrate that you have completed adequate research and have a grasp of the content. Your ideas should be clearly organized in a logical manner.
Research Paper Template – Fill in the blanks!
Title of your research paper ________________________________________________
Thesis statement: ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction –The introduction should contain a hook”, general quote, or interesting fact. You will then add two-three broad, general statements, and your thesis statement.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
THIS IS YOUR OUTLINE!
I. Topic sentence for main point #1_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
A. Subtopic from main point #1_____________________________________________________________
1. Detail or example from your note cards (with source)
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Detail or example from your note card (with source)
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Detail or example from your note card (with source) – if needed
__________________________________________________________________________________
B. Subtopic from main point #2_____________________________________________________________
1. Detail or example from your note cards (with source)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Detail or example from your n ...
Topic that identifies characteristics of Native American Culture and.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic that identifies characteristics of Native American Culture and how it influences/contributes to contemporary cultures and/or what factors have changed perspective regarding Native American cultural practices.
resources cited, at least 3 of any format.
Cover Page.
Minimun 4 page (excluding reference and cover).
MLA formet with proper work cited on the last page
12/ Times/ Double Spacing.
.
Topic Stem Cell ResearchAPA Format I need these topics. don.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Stem Cell Research
APA Format
I need these topics. don't add other contents
Table of contents:
1. Overview of stem cell research -
1 Page
2. Embryonic Stem Cells -
2 Pages
3. Adult Stem Cells -
2 Pages
4. Legal issues - 1 Page
5. Conclusion- It should be a strong conclusion
References:
Use 3 Journal Articles or newspaper articles and 2 Internet site. for example .edu, .org, .gov.
another 2 references from the academically approved books.
see for more info and references in the document
.
Topic Styles of PolicingYou are a patrol officer in a middle- to .docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Styles of Policing
You are a patrol officer in a middle- to lower-class community, which is a suburb of a much larger metropolitan city. During the past 6 months, you have noticed an increase in what might be the beginning of gang activity in your community. You have begun to see gang-style graffiti painted on walls, buildings, and street signs. You have noticed that more young adults are gathering on street corners and appear to be dressing in clothing often associated with gang involvement. While no gang violence has occurred yet, you suspect it is not far away.
As discussed in your text, there are three distinct styles of policing. They are the watchman style, the legalistic style, and the service style.
In a single posting, describe in detail how you would address this growing problem using
each
of the policing styles listed above. Explain which approach is best, using research to substantiate your postings, citing your sources following APA format
.
Topic the legalization of same sex adoptionThese same sex adopti.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: the legalization of same sex adoption
These: same sex adoption should be legalized and be accepted by the public
attrachments: draft and suggestions from the professor
Develop this 8 pages draft to be a 15 pages final paper
APA style, double spaced, use 10 peer-review journals as sources
.
TOPIC The Truth About Caffeine3 pages,give some statistics of neg.docxVannaSchrader3
TOPIC/ The Truth About Caffeine
3 pages,give some statistics of negative effects of caffeine
the guides to follow:
topic:
Specific Purpose:to inform ....
Introduction:(discovering +history)
Body:
I like here to give some general info about caffeine and explain the negetive effects.
conclusion:
.
Topic Media Example (article)1) as usual, do an analysis of the.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Media Example (article)
1) as usual, do an analysis of the logic of the article on Religion which you choose:What is the : claim, premises, whether the argument in the article is valid or sound.
2) THEN, construct FOUR valid Formal Logic argument, using information from the article. One of each of the following forms must be included:
a) Modus Ponens
b) Modus Tollens
c) Chain Argument
d) Disjunctive Argument
please link me to the essay
Pages:
1, Double spaced
.
Topic Servant LeadershipThread In our reading we explored th.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Servant Leadership
Thread:
In our reading we explored the concept of servant leadership. Blanchard and Hodges present Jesus Christ as the ultimate example of the servant leader, and with good cause. But consider other servant leaders found in Scripture, too, and then answer the following questions: What biblical leader would you select as another good example of a servant leader? Why? How did this leader reflect principles from both Northouse’s description and Blanchard & Hodge’s description of a servant leader?
300-500 word discussion board with APA in text citation using at least three professional sources. class text leadership theory and practice by peter g. northhouse and lead like jesus by ken blanchard and phil hodges
.
Topic Organization of Law Enforcement AgenciesDo you agree or d.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic:
Organization of Law Enforcement Agencies
Do you agree or disagree with the paramilitary style of organization of most law enforcement agencies? Defend your position. You must use current APA style. You must cite 1 scholarly-quality internet-based source/reference and 1 biblical source/reference to support your answer. Both sources must offer a specific connection to the discussion topic.
.
Topic Parents Should have a license to have childrenaprox. 500 wo.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Parents Should have a license to have children
aprox. 500 words
Focus on these three points
1. Childrens safety, health and happines
2. What makes a responsible parent
3.What determines a competent parent from an incompetent parent
-Include a citation page if using statistical data
.
Topic PATIENT DATA PRIVACYPerformance Improvement plan Proper an.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: PATIENT DATA PRIVACY
Performance Improvement plan: Proper and Intense training of employees
Success of the Performance Improvement Plan
A. If this initiative is successful, what would be the financial implications for the healthcare organization?
B. How would the existing information management systems contribute to the success of your proposal?
C. What organizational processes will permit continued viability of the performance improvement initiative, if it is successful?
D. Analyze interdepartmental communication that would be necessary for continued engagement in the proposed initiative.
1.5-2 pages. APA format with references please
thank you
.
Topic Kelly’s Personal ConstructsQuestionPrompt Analyze th.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic:
Kelly’s Personal Constructs
Question/Prompt:
Analyze the 4 common elements in most human disturbance according to Kelly (threat, fear, anxiety, and guilt). Compare each of these constructs with what Scripture says regarding these particular elements.
Answer must be 300+ words and contain 2 references.
.
Topic Fingerprints.Study fingerprinting in the textbook and res.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Fingerprints.
Study fingerprinting in the textbook and research and discuss the topic including
–but not limited to–
fingerprint history, types and different methods used to develop and preserve prints.
In addition, research and discuss Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS).
Due Sunday
.
Topic is Domestic Violence, Both men and women being the abus.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic is:
Domestic Viole
nce
, Both men and women being the abuser
Ask a question: Identify an issue of concern or personal curiosity relating to your profession.
Identify two bodies of knowledge: Which two disciplines will be used to help answer the question?
Example: History and Sociology
Conduct a literature review: What research has been done to help answer this question?
Hint #1: Make notes in the center column (see below) as resources are identified and read.
Hint #2: Compile an annotated bibliography as you find information as this will help you keep your sources organized and references correct.
Bringing It Together: Discuss the question extensively using information from the middle column above.
Conclusion: End the discussion with a conclusion—answer the question! Please note, there are two parts to the conclusion:
Part #1: Answer your question and discuss how (if) your personal views have changed based on what you’ve learned.
Part #2: Discuss how you plan to build on this knowledge going forward.
.
Topic is regional integration .First You need to find article and re.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic is regional integration .First You need to find article and resources which is related with this topic. you should write three pages about this article, resources and topic
I told assignment's structure in link that is why please check the link(file)
my native language is not English that is why if you use more simple words in assignment, it will be better
.
Topic Human Trafficking in relation to US Border and Coastal securi.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Human Trafficking in relation to US Border and Coastal security.
You are to prepare your paper in a word document (Times New Roman, Font 12-double space) using APA style format ("Resources" and APA info attached below). Your research paper should be
10-12 pages of content excluding your title page and reference page
. A minimum of 1
0 outside references required.
.
Topic is AutonomyShort papers should use double spacing, 12-point .docxVannaSchrader3
Topic is Autonomy
Short papers should use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to a discipline-appropriate citation method. Page-length requirements: 1–2 pages,
APA format and properly cited.
Will be cheched for originality through Turn it in.
.
More Related Content
Similar to Bus 308Week 3 Discussion 3Read Lecture 3. React to the mater
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-wor.docxalinainglis
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-word discussion.
1. The Federal Reserve Board has enormous power over people's lives with its power to set and influence policy that determines monetary policy in the United States. Do you think this is proper for a democracy to provide the FED with so such power? How is the FED held accountable?
2. Do you believe that the roles of government should change from era to era, or should the US determine the proper role of government and try to maintain it through the ages?
3. Explain Executive Power in the US Constitution and briefly the process by which it developed over the years. Do you think the Framers should have been more specific about the powers of the presidency? Should the country try to make it more specific today?
· Please read the discussions below and write a 100 to 150 words respond for each discussion.
1. (question 1) I do believe that this is proper for a democracy to provided such power to FED. Without the FED the economy would face two problem, which are recessions that can lead into depressions, and inflation. The FED needs to have power to endures the country will not fall into economic trouble. In class professor McWeeney stated that the FED has the power to increase interest rates to control inflation, and the power to decrease interest rates so that theres more money in the economy to create more business and jobs so there wont be a recession. The FED needs these power to try to put the economy in a sweet spot. The FED is held accountable to the government and public. The FED does this by being transparent and giving and annual report to congress.
2. (question 2) I believe that the roles of the government should be changed from era to era. My main reason the roles should be changed is because major changes are constantly happening in the field of law. For example, the progressive era and modern era had several economic reforms that had taken place including increased regulation, anti-trust activity, application of an income tax, raise on social insurance programs, etc. Throughout this time, the government gave women the right to vote. I believe the economy is growing rapidly due to employment relationships, better technology, education, new polices, social and economic changes. This is the reason why the roles of the government should be changed from era to era.
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the
essential skill sets we can teach you at Strayer. The following
guidelines will ensure:
· Your writing is professional
· You avoid plagiarizing others, which is essential to writing ethically
· You give credit to others in your work
Visit Strayer’s Academic Integrity Center for more information.
Winter 2019
https://pslogin.strayer.edu/?dest=academic-support/academic-integrity-center
Strayer University Writing Standards 2
� Include page numbers.
� Use 1-inch margins.
� Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman.
ENGL 101Essay 3 ThesisOutline Instructions and ChecklistCause.docxSALU18
ENGL 101
Essay 3 Thesis/Outline Instructions and Checklist
Cause-and-Effect Argument Essay
In preparation for Essay 3 and by completing your textbook readings, you will be equipped to respond by objectively compiling information from a variety of sources to compose an essay that understands and practices reading, writing, and rhetoric within the context of a biblical worldview; applies methods of sound reasoning; produces well-structured essays; integrates sources accurately and effectively; writes with clarity; recognizes standard usage in English grammar, word choice (diction), phraseology, and sentence structure; and applies knowledge of sentence structure to basic sentence editing and revision (Syllabus MLOs: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and Module/Week 8 LOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
In Module/Week 7, you will write a thesis statement and outline for the cause and effect argument essay that you will write in the next module/week.
Develop an outline for your cause and effect argument essay that includes a clear thesis statement and a plan of support. Be sure to include all parts identified in “Structuring a Cause and Effect Argument” on pages 475–476 in your Practical Argument textbook. In addition, include at least 4 quotations, 1 summary,and 1 paraphrases into your essay from at least 3 outside sources to support your thesis statement and provide opposing argument(s). Be sure to document your sources correctly according to your documentation style (APA, MLA, or Turabian). Your outside sources can include scholarly sources and the Bible. (Note: Wikipedia is NOT an acceptable source for academic writing.)
Cause and Effect Essay Prompt
Write a cause and effect argument in which you answer one of the following questions:
1. How far should the government go to reduce the likelihood of terrorism on American soil?
2. Should illegal immigrants in the Unites States have constitutional rights?
3. Do immigrants have a duty to assimilate themselves into local culture?
Use academic research to include at least 4 quotations, 1 summary, and 1 paraphrase (at least 6 total) from at least 3 sources. Be sure to document your sources correctly according to your documentation style (current APA, MLA, or Turabian). The Bible can count as one of your sources.
After reading pages 468–481 in your Practical Argument textbook, you will be prepared to plan your own cause and effect argument that addresses one of the following questions:
1. How far should the government go to reduce the likelihood of terrorism on American soil?
2. Should illegal immigrants in the Unites States have constitutional rights?
3. Do immigrants have a duty to assimilate themselves into local culture?
Begin by reviewing the reading assignment with special attention to page 468—What is a Cause-and-Effect Argument?, page 471—Understanding Cause-and-Effect Relationships, and pages 475–476—Structuring a Cause-and-Effect Argument.
Next, do some preliminary research about your topic utilizing the scho ...
PAGE 2Communication 200Communication and Social Science.docxalfred4lewis58146
PAGE
2
Communication 200
Communication and Social Science
Ken Sereno
Spring 2014
February 18, 2014
Assignment:
Term Paper
Due Date:April 29, Tuesday. You must send an electronic copy to your TA and to Turnitin.com. (You will
be given instructions on how to submit your paper to Turnitin.com later in the
semester.) Papers submitted after 11:00am will be counted as one day late. Late papers will be penalized 10 points for each late day (not counting Saturdays and Sundays).
% of Grade:
20% (100 points)
Format:
8-12 double-spaced, typed pages (excluding the title, scenario, and
reference pages). Use 12-point font size. Number the pages. Place the page number in the
upper right corner. Have a 1 inch margin for top, bottom and sides. You will be penalized 5 points for every extra page.
Purpose:
To describe and evaluate a communication theory which will be
assigned to you, and to use variables from the theory to explain a
communication scenario, which will be provided to you in your
Discussion Section.
Organization:
Use the following headings to organize your paper. Type these
headings on your paper to introduce each section. Place each
heading in the
center of the page.
Introduction
Description of Theory
Perspective
Evaluation
Application
Conclusion
Sections:
Introduction
Develop interest in the topic or issue. (Demonstrate why the
content the theory deals with is important and relevant to
people’s lives. Use an example, scenario, question, etc. that
will make a reader want to know more. Look at speeches,
newspaper and magazine articles to see how they capture
attention and arouse interest.) Preview what you’ll do in the paper.
Description of Theory
Name, define, and describe every major construct or variable.
(Be sure to look at your Lecture Notes.) Provide examples as needed.
Describe how the variables relate to one another; show how the
theory works. If the theory contains major theoretic propositions,
state them. Provide examples as needed.
You should provide at least one research finding, concept, or
element of content about the theory that you have obtained
through your research, which is not contained in either the text or
class lecture notes.
Perspective
Identify the perspective (Mechanistic, Psychological, Systems)
Justify your judgment. Identify major features of the perspective.
Describe how these features of the perspective are demonstrated
in specific aspects of the theory.
Evaluation
Identify and briefly define the criteria you will use to evaluate
the theory. (Use the criteria described in Chapter 1 of the Lecture Notes.)
Evaluate how strong or weak the theory is on each of the criteria
you are using. Use evidence, logical reasoning and examples
where appropriate to support your judgments.
Practical Application
The purpose of this section is for you to demonstrate how
variables and processes from the theory .
Writing Activity 3: Rough Draft
Due Week 7 and worth 110 points
Instructions:
You have already developed your Working Thesis Statement, Outline, and Starting
Draft. You’ve also received helpful feedback from your instructor. Now it’s time to
create your Rough Draft by continuing to write your essay in the document you
created in weeks 4 and 5. You will use the questions below to guide your work.
You’ll also incorporate the feedback you received from your instructor.
It’s exciting to see how far your essay has already come in just a few short weeks!
ASSIGNMENT 3
Section 1
Rough Draft
Introduction Paragraph(s)
Did you use feedback from your professor to update your introduction
paragraph?
Body Paragraphs
Write 2-5 paragraphs for each of your supporting points. Use the following
questions to ensure you are writing quality body paragraphs.
Does each paragraph include a topic sentence?
Are you including supporting information in each paragraph to make your
point clear, logical, and compelling?
Are you being persuasive?
Logic: Do you persuade your audience that your position is logical and
reasonable? Do you include facts and sources to back up your claims?
Credibility: Do you persuade your audience that you are credible and
trustworthy by using the appropriate point of view, voice, tone,
examples, and credible sources? Are your points ethical and honest?
Emotion: Do you appeal to the emotions of your audience by framing
your position as a problem they can relate to or with which they
can sympathize?
Counter Perspective(s)
It is important to address counter perspective(s) in your essay. Use the
following criteria and select one to three counter perspectives to help
strengthen your position:
Is there evidence to support the counter perspective? Does the
evidence include fallacies (flaws in reasoning)? If so, identify
and explain.
Does the counter perspective leave out an important point? If so,
you should point this out.
Is there more recent or credible evidence to support your perspective?
Conclusion Paragraph(s)
Do you paraphrase or restate your thesis in a new way?
Do you summarize your main points?
Do you state any future research possibilities, if applicable?
Do you leave a lasting impression? How will you get your audience to continue
thinking about your topic and/or take action?
Editing and References
Did you run your Word document through Grammarly and fix the errors?
Did you follow APA guidelines?
Cover page, page numbers, double-spaced, 1” margins, headers,
indented paragraphs, and 12-point Times New Roman font.
In-Text Citations
Do you have 4-6 credible sources?
Have you used APA in-text citations to document your sources?
(Author’s last name, date) For example: (Wielding, 2017).
Do you have a References page?
List all references in alphabetical order with hanging indent(s).
Include major identifying information for each reference.
Appl.
Graded Assignment ENG303B304B American Literature .docxjoyjonna282
Graded Assignment
ENG303B/304B: American Literature | Unit 2 | Lesson 4: Research and Take Notes, Session 2
Name: YOUR NAME HERE
Date: February 2016
Graded Assignment
Research Paper Planning Assignment
Write the outline of your research paper below. The outline should begin with the title of your paper and your thesis statement. You should complete this assignment and submit it to your teacher when you finish the Develop an Outline lesson in this unit.
(5 points)
1. Write a title for your paper that clearly states the topic.
(25 points)
2. Write your thesis statement. Your thesis should state a fact about history and state your idea about the fact.
(70 points)
3. Develop a formal outline for your paper. Use the Making Formal Outlines sheet as a guide for structuring your content. Your outline should demonstrate that you have completed adequate research and have a grasp of the content. Your ideas should be clearly organized in a logical manner.
Research Paper Template – Fill in the blanks!
Title of your research paper ________________________________________________
Thesis statement: ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction –The introduction should contain a hook”, general quote, or interesting fact. You will then add two-three broad, general statements, and your thesis statement.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
THIS IS YOUR OUTLINE!
I. Topic sentence for main point #1_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
A. Subtopic from main point #1_____________________________________________________________
1. Detail or example from your note cards (with source)
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Detail or example from your note card (with source)
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Detail or example from your note card (with source) – if needed
__________________________________________________________________________________
B. Subtopic from main point #2_____________________________________________________________
1. Detail or example from your note cards (with source)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Detail or example from your n ...
Similar to Bus 308Week 3 Discussion 3Read Lecture 3. React to the mater (6)
Topic that identifies characteristics of Native American Culture and.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic that identifies characteristics of Native American Culture and how it influences/contributes to contemporary cultures and/or what factors have changed perspective regarding Native American cultural practices.
resources cited, at least 3 of any format.
Cover Page.
Minimun 4 page (excluding reference and cover).
MLA formet with proper work cited on the last page
12/ Times/ Double Spacing.
.
Topic Stem Cell ResearchAPA Format I need these topics. don.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Stem Cell Research
APA Format
I need these topics. don't add other contents
Table of contents:
1. Overview of stem cell research -
1 Page
2. Embryonic Stem Cells -
2 Pages
3. Adult Stem Cells -
2 Pages
4. Legal issues - 1 Page
5. Conclusion- It should be a strong conclusion
References:
Use 3 Journal Articles or newspaper articles and 2 Internet site. for example .edu, .org, .gov.
another 2 references from the academically approved books.
see for more info and references in the document
.
Topic Styles of PolicingYou are a patrol officer in a middle- to .docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Styles of Policing
You are a patrol officer in a middle- to lower-class community, which is a suburb of a much larger metropolitan city. During the past 6 months, you have noticed an increase in what might be the beginning of gang activity in your community. You have begun to see gang-style graffiti painted on walls, buildings, and street signs. You have noticed that more young adults are gathering on street corners and appear to be dressing in clothing often associated with gang involvement. While no gang violence has occurred yet, you suspect it is not far away.
As discussed in your text, there are three distinct styles of policing. They are the watchman style, the legalistic style, and the service style.
In a single posting, describe in detail how you would address this growing problem using
each
of the policing styles listed above. Explain which approach is best, using research to substantiate your postings, citing your sources following APA format
.
Topic the legalization of same sex adoptionThese same sex adopti.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: the legalization of same sex adoption
These: same sex adoption should be legalized and be accepted by the public
attrachments: draft and suggestions from the professor
Develop this 8 pages draft to be a 15 pages final paper
APA style, double spaced, use 10 peer-review journals as sources
.
TOPIC The Truth About Caffeine3 pages,give some statistics of neg.docxVannaSchrader3
TOPIC/ The Truth About Caffeine
3 pages,give some statistics of negative effects of caffeine
the guides to follow:
topic:
Specific Purpose:to inform ....
Introduction:(discovering +history)
Body:
I like here to give some general info about caffeine and explain the negetive effects.
conclusion:
.
Topic Media Example (article)1) as usual, do an analysis of the.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Media Example (article)
1) as usual, do an analysis of the logic of the article on Religion which you choose:What is the : claim, premises, whether the argument in the article is valid or sound.
2) THEN, construct FOUR valid Formal Logic argument, using information from the article. One of each of the following forms must be included:
a) Modus Ponens
b) Modus Tollens
c) Chain Argument
d) Disjunctive Argument
please link me to the essay
Pages:
1, Double spaced
.
Topic Servant LeadershipThread In our reading we explored th.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Servant Leadership
Thread:
In our reading we explored the concept of servant leadership. Blanchard and Hodges present Jesus Christ as the ultimate example of the servant leader, and with good cause. But consider other servant leaders found in Scripture, too, and then answer the following questions: What biblical leader would you select as another good example of a servant leader? Why? How did this leader reflect principles from both Northouse’s description and Blanchard & Hodge’s description of a servant leader?
300-500 word discussion board with APA in text citation using at least three professional sources. class text leadership theory and practice by peter g. northhouse and lead like jesus by ken blanchard and phil hodges
.
Topic Organization of Law Enforcement AgenciesDo you agree or d.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic:
Organization of Law Enforcement Agencies
Do you agree or disagree with the paramilitary style of organization of most law enforcement agencies? Defend your position. You must use current APA style. You must cite 1 scholarly-quality internet-based source/reference and 1 biblical source/reference to support your answer. Both sources must offer a specific connection to the discussion topic.
.
Topic Parents Should have a license to have childrenaprox. 500 wo.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Parents Should have a license to have children
aprox. 500 words
Focus on these three points
1. Childrens safety, health and happines
2. What makes a responsible parent
3.What determines a competent parent from an incompetent parent
-Include a citation page if using statistical data
.
Topic PATIENT DATA PRIVACYPerformance Improvement plan Proper an.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: PATIENT DATA PRIVACY
Performance Improvement plan: Proper and Intense training of employees
Success of the Performance Improvement Plan
A. If this initiative is successful, what would be the financial implications for the healthcare organization?
B. How would the existing information management systems contribute to the success of your proposal?
C. What organizational processes will permit continued viability of the performance improvement initiative, if it is successful?
D. Analyze interdepartmental communication that would be necessary for continued engagement in the proposed initiative.
1.5-2 pages. APA format with references please
thank you
.
Topic Kelly’s Personal ConstructsQuestionPrompt Analyze th.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic:
Kelly’s Personal Constructs
Question/Prompt:
Analyze the 4 common elements in most human disturbance according to Kelly (threat, fear, anxiety, and guilt). Compare each of these constructs with what Scripture says regarding these particular elements.
Answer must be 300+ words and contain 2 references.
.
Topic Fingerprints.Study fingerprinting in the textbook and res.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Fingerprints.
Study fingerprinting in the textbook and research and discuss the topic including
–but not limited to–
fingerprint history, types and different methods used to develop and preserve prints.
In addition, research and discuss Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS).
Due Sunday
.
Topic is Domestic Violence, Both men and women being the abus.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic is:
Domestic Viole
nce
, Both men and women being the abuser
Ask a question: Identify an issue of concern or personal curiosity relating to your profession.
Identify two bodies of knowledge: Which two disciplines will be used to help answer the question?
Example: History and Sociology
Conduct a literature review: What research has been done to help answer this question?
Hint #1: Make notes in the center column (see below) as resources are identified and read.
Hint #2: Compile an annotated bibliography as you find information as this will help you keep your sources organized and references correct.
Bringing It Together: Discuss the question extensively using information from the middle column above.
Conclusion: End the discussion with a conclusion—answer the question! Please note, there are two parts to the conclusion:
Part #1: Answer your question and discuss how (if) your personal views have changed based on what you’ve learned.
Part #2: Discuss how you plan to build on this knowledge going forward.
.
Topic is regional integration .First You need to find article and re.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic is regional integration .First You need to find article and resources which is related with this topic. you should write three pages about this article, resources and topic
I told assignment's structure in link that is why please check the link(file)
my native language is not English that is why if you use more simple words in assignment, it will be better
.
Topic Human Trafficking in relation to US Border and Coastal securi.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Human Trafficking in relation to US Border and Coastal security.
You are to prepare your paper in a word document (Times New Roman, Font 12-double space) using APA style format ("Resources" and APA info attached below). Your research paper should be
10-12 pages of content excluding your title page and reference page
. A minimum of 1
0 outside references required.
.
Topic is AutonomyShort papers should use double spacing, 12-point .docxVannaSchrader3
Topic is Autonomy
Short papers should use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to a discipline-appropriate citation method. Page-length requirements: 1–2 pages,
APA format and properly cited.
Will be cheched for originality through Turn it in.
.
Topic Genetic connection of hypertension to cardiovascular disease .docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Genetic connection of hypertension to cardiovascular disease in african americans?
Needs to be specific and to address better current health disparities in specific population groups as well as the prevention of selected public health issue. Clearly and properly present the material by using relevant scientific information, statistical data, and research-based evidence from identified credible external sources.
Length: The written component of this assignment should be a minimum of 8 double-spaced pages.
References: At least
eight
references
must be included from
scholarly sources
. Quoted materialsshould not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. Materials copied verbatim from external sources must be enclosed in quotation marks. In-text reference citations are required as well as a list of references at the end of the assignment. (APA format is required.)
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.
Format: APA format is required for this assignment.
I have attached the annotated bibliography with sources to be used as well as an outline for reference on how to structure the paper.
.
topic Errors (medication or patient injury)in particular stra.docxVannaSchrader3
topic: Errors (medication or patient injury)
in particular strategies for reducing medication errors
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Topic differences between folk guitar and classic guitar.Minimu.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: differences between folk guitar and classic guitar.
Minimum of 1500 words. Double-spaced. Cite ALL sources appropriately. Use MLA or APA (or any other accepted publication) for citation standards.
This is a research paper. Do not plagiarize materials. Use quotes and cite other people's work whenever it is appropriate. Do your best to be creative and original with your writing style rather than "regurgitate" information to me. You may be as creative as you like (graphics, photos, audio) as long as your paper is concise, has proper flow and informs me of something about the guitar.
.
Topic Death Investigations. Review homicide investigation as de.docxVannaSchrader3
Topic: Death Investigations.
Review homicide investigation as described in the textbook and through research including
–but not limited to–
types of wrongful deaths, the preliminary investigation, dying declaration, estimating time of death, gunshot wounds, autoerotic death investigation, and suicide investigation.
Submit to the Dropbox before midnight
Sunday
.
.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Bus 308Week 3 Discussion 3Read Lecture 3. React to the mater
1. Bus 308
Week 3 Discussion 3
Read Lecture 3. React to the material in this lecture. Is there
anything you found to be unclear about setting up and using
Excel for these statistical techniques? Looking at the data,
present an ANOVA on the differences by grade mean on a
variable—other than compa-ratio or salary—you feel might be
important in answering our equal pay for equal work question.
Interpret your results.
Learning more about the chai square was good for me,
especially as I struggled with this concept in the recent past.
The first chai square test is the goodness of fit text, and the
second is contingency table test for independence. It’s good to
go through Excel and actually do some hands on learning.
Because I wanted to work out the chai square I sued the Fx
Stastistal function, found in the lecture between steps 4 and 5. I
feel like going through these questions in lecture 3 went by
quicker than lecture 2, which is a major plus for me.
Writing Standards
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the most
important skillsets we can teach you at Strayer. This guide gives
you a starting point for ensuring;
2. Your writing looks and sounds professional
You give credit to others in your work
Writing Assignments
Title Page
Start your paper with a title page and include assignment title,
your name, the course title, your professor’s name, and date.
For all other writing assignments, see assignment guidelines.
Body
Include page numbers.
For your paper, use double spacing. For all other writing
assignments, see assignment spacing guidelines.
Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, or Calibri font style.
Use 10-12 point font size for the body of your text.
For tables/charts/graphs/image, see assignment guidelines.
Clear and Ethical Writing
Writing should be in active voice when possible, use
appropriate language, and be concise.
Use the point of view (first, second, or third person) required by
the assignment guidelines.
Use spelling and grammar check tools to help ensure your work
is error free.
Include in text citations and a reference page when the
assignment requires research.
If a source is cited within the paper, then it needs to be listed on
the reference page.
If a source is listed on the reference page, then it needs to be
cited within the paper.
Reference Page
Include a reference page only when the assignment requires
research.
Type Reference Page centered on the first line of the page.
Organize references in a numbered list and in order of use
3. throughout the paper. If a source is cited more than once, use
the original number.
In Text Citations
When quoting or paraphrasing another source in your writing,
you need to give credit by using an in text citation. An in text
citation includes the author’s last name and the number of the
reference from the reference page list. Remember, only writing
assignments that include research require in text citations.
Incorporate in text citations into sentences by using signal
phrases (a group of words or phrase that tells the reader
someone else's thoughts or ideas follow) and/or parentheticals
(source information contained in parenthesis). A well-written
paragraph focuses on one idea and normally includes 1-2 in text
citations. Try to use a mix of signal phrases and parentheticals
to avoid sounding dull and to make sure your paper is well
balanced.
Option #1: Quoting - citing another person's work word for
word
Do not quote more than one sentence (approximately 25 words)
at a time.
Place quotation marks at the beginning and the end of the
quoted information.
Do not start a sentence with a quotation.
SIGNAL PHRASE EXAMPLES:
As Smith wrote in his book, “Writing at a college level requires
informed research” (1).
Smith (1) explained in his book, “Writing at a college level
requires informed research.”
PARENTHETICAL EXAMPLE:
Many authors agree that “Writing at a college level requires
informed research” (Smith, 1).
Option #2: Paraphrasing - rewording ideas to better fit your
paper
Paraphrasing helps incorporate outside sources while keeping
4. your voice.
Remember you cannot just replace words with their synonyms
(words that mean the same thing). An appropriate paraphrase
changes the order of the words in the original sentence.
Step away from the original source to allow time to paraphrase
without repeating the same words and phrases.
EXAMPLES:
Original version: “Writing at a college level requires informed
research”
As Smith wrote, when writing a paper for higher education, it is
important to do research and cite sources (1).
When writing a paper for higher education, it is important to do
research and cite sources (Smith, 1).
Reference Page
The reference page is a new page that you will add at the end of
your paper. It will list the sources that you used in your
research. The word References should appear centered at the
top of the page. Remember, only writing assignments that
include research require reference pages.
The reference page should include a numbered list of the
sources you used in your paper. The numbers indicate the order
in which you used them in your paper. A well-researched paper
has at least as many sources as pages.
Other reference page guidelines:
If you list a source as number one in the reference list, it is the
first source used in the paper.
If you use one source multiple times, use the same reference
number each time.
If you use a source with an International Standard Book Number
(ISBN), list the reference number, the author, and ISBN (ex. 1.
Jane Smith, Title of Book, ISBN: 1234567890).
If a source has a permalink or webpage address, list the
reference number, the author (if any), and perma link or
webpage address (2. Joe Smith, Title of Article or Page,
Permalink or URL).
5. BUS 308 Week 3 Discussion 3
Week 3 Excel Details
Read Lecture 3. React to the material in this lecture. Is there
anything you found to be unclear about setting up and using
Excel for these statistical techniques? Looking at the data,
present an ANOVA on the differences by grade mean on a
variable—other than compa-ratio or salary—you feel might be
important in answering our equal pay for equal work question.
Interpret your results.
React to the material in this lecture.
The week 3 lecture 3 discusses Chi Square tests, how to set up
the corresponding data tables, and how to conduct the Chi
Square tests on distributions. It is interesting that the ANOVA
tests learned about in week 2 can only be calculated using the
Data Analysis Tool in Excel and not the Fx formulas and the
Chi Square test can only be calculated by the Fx formulas found
in Excel and not the Data Analysis Tool. The Chi Square test
evaluate patterns and distributions and not means and standard
deviations. The lecture discusses two types of Chi Square tests.
The Goodness of Fit test involves a single row of counts and the
Contingency Table analysis involves multiple rows in the table.
The assignment asks for a Contingency Table analysis.
Is there anything you found to be unclear about setting up and
using Excel for these statistical techniques?
6. This lecture was initially very confusing to me. The data
provided to help us work through the Chi Square tests was
graduate and undergraduate degrees and not the male and
female compa-ratio distributions. Reading through the text
several times and watching the provided video link helped with
comprehension and understanding.
Peer Responses:
Briana Watson:
Briana,
By reading your discussion posts during the first three weeks of
our class, you have a solid grasp of the material. I used the
“grade” and “gender1” column headings under the data tab in
the Excel spreadsheet to fill in the actual and expected
distributions in question 3 regarding compa-ratios. Based on
that data, the P-value was 0.035579215. I substituted the salary
information provided in the data set, along with the “grade” and
“gender1” column headings to calculate the P-value for the
week 3 assignment. Am I using the right information within the
data set?
Mike
Corrina Guitron:
This week’s lecture three was a bit confusing to me about what
information in the data set to use for the Chi Square tests. I do
recommend reviewing the link, https://screencast-o-
matic.com/watch/cb6jffIk8T in the lecture about setting up the
data for the Chi Square test. I am going to take advantage of the
free 24/7 tutor services Ashford University provides to get a
better grasp of the material and the assignment requirements.
Best of luck to you.
7. BUS 308 Week 3 Lecture 3
Setting up ANOVA and Chi Square
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should know how to:
1. Set-up the data for an ANOVA analysis.
2. Set-up and perform an ANOVA test.
3. Set-up a table of mean differences.
4. Set-up and perform a Chi Square test.
Overview
Setting up the ANOVA test is quite similar to how the t and F
tests were set up. The Chi
Square set-up is a bit more complex, as it is not found in the
Data Analysis list of tools.
ANOVA
The set-up of ANOVA within Excel is very similar to how we
set up the F and T tests
last week; place the data set in appropriate groups and then use
the ANOVA input box. One
difference this week is that the Fx (or Formulas) list does not
include an option for ANOVA, so
we need to use the Data | Analysis tools.
Data Set-up
Single Factor. As with the t-test, ANOVA has a couple of
8. versions to select between.
Each is used to answer slightly different questions, and these
will be examined below. The most
significant difference lies in the data table used for each
version.
We will be working primarily with the ANOAV Single Factor,
which deals with
examining possible differences between the means of a single
variable within different groups.
A question of whether or not the mean compa-ratios are equal
across the grades is an example of
the kind of question answered with this approach.
Question 1. Week 3’s first question is about salary mean
equality across the grades. Our
lecture example will deal with compa-ratio mean equality across
the grades. The set-up for the
Single Factor ANOVA we just went through assumed this. The
initial steps in the hypothesis
testing process are similar to what we have done before:
Step 1: Ho: All Compa-Ratio means are equal across the grades
Ha: At least one compa-ratio mean differs
Notice that these are the standard ANOVA – Single factor null
and alternate hypothesis
statements that identify the specific variable (compa-ratio) and
statistic (mean) that we
are testing, and merely say “no difference” and “at least one
differs.”
Step 2: Alpha = 0.05
9. Step 3: F statistic and Single Factor ANOVA; used to test
multiple means
Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if the p-value < 0.05
Step 5: Conduct the test – place the test function in cell K08.
As with the F and T tests, we need to group the data into
distinct groups. For example, if
we are going to test the compa-ratio mean across grades, then
the data must be set-up in a
table with grades across the top, as in the screen shot below.
Note that as was done with
the T and F test input data, the raw or initial data was listed and
then sorted. Values were
then copied into related groups; we used male and female
groups for the F and t tests and
grade groups for this test.
Test Set-up. Go to the Data | Analysis and select ANOVA
Single Factor gives us the
following input screen. This is completed for our compa-ratio
test. Notice that the entire table
range, including the column labels, is entered into the Input box
as a single entry.
We do need to check the labels box, as Excel needs to be
explicitly told that some of the
data range is not numeric. Our normal alpha value of 0.05 is
10. automatically filled in, but you can
change this value. The last entry is where we want to the output
table to start. As with the T and
F tests, this cell is the upper left corner of the output and is
given as K08 for question 1 this
week.
Clicking OK gives us the data output that we examined in
Lecture 2 for this week.
Here is a video on ANOVA: https://screencast-o-
matic.com/watch/cb6jecIkLg
Other ANOVA Versions
Two-Factor. While we will not work with either of the two-
factor forms, a brief
explanation will help show the difference and usefulness of
these forms. The ANOVA Two-
Factor without replication allows us to test the means of two
factors at once. An example of this
kind of question might be are the compa-ratio means equal
across grades when sorted by gender?
The outcome of this test gives us the significance of each group
(grade average and gender
average) as if the other variable was held constant. In other
words, it removes some of the
variation on what we are measuring.
A data set-up table for this version might look like this:
A B C D E F
Male
Female
The values in each cell would be a measure for each cell. For
example, male salary
11. in grade A. For situations where we have multiple values, we
could use the average
or median value.
https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cb6jecIkLg
For the with replication version, the more significant test is to
see if the variables interact
with each other rather than simply examining mean equality.
This requires multiple data points
A B C D E F
Male
Female
The values in each cell would be measures for each group. For
example, we could
use the minimum, maximum, and mean for each grade and
gender group.
for each of the groups (females in grade C, for example). For
more information on these
versions of ANOVA, please go to some web-based statistics
sites. The data input for the with
and without replication are quite similar – the entire data input
box including any top and side
labels.
Question 2. This question asks for the mean difference
12. intervals so we can identify the
significantly different grade means. The formula for developing
the range to examine mean
differences is: (mean1 – mean2) +/- t* sqrt(mse*(1/n1 + 1/n2)).
Ok – breathe. Most of the values we need are in the ANVOA
table, and Excel will let us
set up a table and do all these actions one step at a time. The
completed table was examined in
Lecture 2, so let’s step back from the complex table and
develop it one cell at a time. This is the
same as the old adage “How do we eat an elephant? One bit at a
time.”
Before starting on the table, we need to recall where the
different outcomes are from our
ANVOA table. See the screenshot below – this is the same as in
Lecture 2, with some of the
values we will be using bolded for easy identification.
Now, let’s take a look at setting up the values in the table. The
following screen shot is
of the same table, but different cells display the formulas used
to create the values rather than the
values. This can help us see the relationships.
Let’s take a look at each column and see how the calculations
are set up.
Row 31 contains the names of the values we want in each
column, starting with the
groups we want to compare. Going down Column B, we simply
13. list the grade pairs we will look
at in each row, such as A-B (comparing grades A and B), etc.
Just set up a convenient label
telling us what the row refers to, something like A-B.
Column C, labeled Mean Diff., is where set up our first values,
the difference between
the two means. The generic formula is =ABS(Mean1 – Mean2).
• the ABS function provides the absolute value, always
providing a positive
difference and eliminating any negative signs (as if we always
subtracted the
smaller value from the larger value). This is not needed; the
author just likes it.
• The A-B row (row 32) shows =ABS($N$11 – N12). These cell
references refer
to the mean values located in the Summary table from our
ANOVA results. Cell
N11 refers to the mean of grade A, while cell N12 refers to the
mean of grade B.
• The next row contains the reference to grade A (N11) but
changes the second
reference to the location of the grade C mean (N13). Repeat
this pattern all the
way down the table, referencing the two grades being compared
in each row.
• Don’t worry the dollar signs right now, we will cover these
after we have
completed a full row of formulas.
14. In column D, we have the t-value used to provide our
confidence in the range outcomes.
Since we are building our ranges based on the ANOVA results,
the df for every row remains the
same rather than changing with each pair of grades. The
formula for finding a specific t-value
based on a desired probability and df is “=T.INV.2T(alpha, df).”
We are using the 2-tail value
for t as we want to cut off values at other ends for our range,
rather than just focusing on one
end. Since we want a 95% interval (consistent with our alpha
= 0.05), use .05 to tell Excel what
percent to cut off from the extremes (0.025 on each tail) from
the t distribution. The df for each
pair is the df associated with the within groups variation, found
in cell M23 and equaling 44.
The resulting cell formula becomes: =T.INV.2T(0.05, $M$23).
We can use the same copying
approach to copy this value to the end of the table.
Note: The lower the alpha used, the higher our level of
confidence and the larger the
range. A 100% confidence results in a range from – infinity to
+ infinity, of no help whatsoever.
A larger alpha value gives us a smaller interval and less
confidence that the range contains the
actual difference of the means within the population.
Column E develops our range constant that is added and
subtracted to the mean. This is
similar to a margin of error that we discussed earlier. The
general formula cell entries in this
row is: =t*SQRT(MSwg* (1/count1 + 1/count2)), where MSwg
is the MS value for the Within
Group row from the ANVOA table, and 1 and 2 refer to the
groups being compared. For the
15. comparison of Grades A and F shown in Row 36, the specific
formula shows,
=D36*SQRT($N$23 * (1/$l$12 + 1/L17)).
• D36 refers to the T-value found in column D. (You could
enter the actual t value, use
an absolute reference to a single cell, or use the value in each
row – they all work.)
The SQRT is Excel’s code for taking the square root of
whatever is within the ( ).
• The $N$23 is the cell reference to the MSwg measure in the
ANOVA table. This is
the common variance estimate for the samples, so adding the $
makes sense.
• The (1/$L$12 and 1/L17) are the references to the counts for
grades A and E that are
found in the Summary part of the ANOVA output.
Now, let’s develop the ranges. The low-end value of the
difference range (column F)
equals the Mean Diff. (column C) minus the +/- term (column
E), so the formula for row 31
would be =C31 – E31; for row 32, the values change to =C32 –
E32, etc. The high-end value
(column H) for the range equals column C + column E, or =C31
+ E31, etc.
We discussed how to interpret the significance of each interval
in Lecture 2 and will not
repeat that here.
Now, to make things a bit easier. Notice the dollar signs around
16. some of the cell
references. For example, the dollar signs found in N12; these
are made by typing N12 and then
pressing F4. These tell Excel if we copy this cell keep N12 as a
constant. Without these, copying
the cell would change values we want to remain the same. What
does this mean? If you want to
try copying cells rather than writing the formula in each cell,
try the following.
• Using just cell C31, move the cursor to the bottom right
corner of the cell. When it is
place correctly at the corner, the cursor will change to a small
+.
• When you see the +, depress the left mouse button and pull the
cursor down one cell
to C32.
• You should now see =($N$11 – N13) rather than =($N$11 –
N12). The relative
reference of cell N12 went down 1 row as you pulled the cell
down one row.
What this means is that after you set up the entire row 31 (from
column C thru column I) you can
highlight the entire range, place the cursor on the far-right
corner, and after you see the + drag all
of the cells down from row 31 to row 38, where we start to
compare grade B. First, delete the
mess in row 37, which is just a separator row. Then in cell C38,
change the references to $N$12
and N13 (for grades B and C), do the same in cell E38 to the
related counts in $L$12 and L13.
Highlight and drag the range down to C42 and make the
appropriate adjustments again. Do this
17. until you have reached and edited the cells in row 49. You
should now have all the table
calculations done, and are ready to make your comparison
decisions in columns J and K.
Note when your cursor is on a cell value with an = in it, such as
=Nll in a formula
pressing F4 will place $ signs in front of both the row and cell.
Pressing F4 a second time places
the $ sign in front of the row value; pressing it a third time
places the $ sign in front of the
column value. Pressing it a fourth time removes all of the $
signs.
Chi Square Tests
This lecture will look at setting up two related Chi Square tests.
The first, called the
Goodness of Fit Test, involves a single row of counts, such as
with the die example we discussed
in the Lecture 2 for week 1. This form of the test would answer
a question such as are the dice
we tossed fair – that is did we get the distribution for each face
that we expected? The second is
called the Contingency Table analysis involves multiple rows in
the table, such as we might have
if we looked at how degrees (undergraduate and graduate) are
distributed across the grades.
Both Chi Square statistical values are calculated the same way.
Both of these tests will use
counts (how many) rather than the measurements (how much)
we have been using to date.
18. The Chi Square tests use the difference between an actual
distribution/counts and an
expected distribution to reach decisions on the similarity or
difference in patterns. The Chi
Square distribution examines the differences between what we
see (actual counts per group) and
what we expect in each group. Once we have these two counts,
the actual calculation of the Chi
Square statistic (which Excel can do for us automatically) is:
∑ (Observed count – Expected count)^2/(Expected count).
This is simply the sum (∑) of the squared differences between
what we saw and what we
expected) divided by our expected count. The Chi Square
statistic is also evaluated with a
degree of freedom measure that varies with each test.
The expected values are obviously critical to outcomes with this
test, and they can be
developed in several different ways if they are not already
known. These approaches depend
upon the complexity of the situation and will be discussed
below.
Two input tables are required for all Chi Square test set-ups.
The first table is the
“actual” or “observed” counts, a table showing how many items
fit into each group we care
about. The second is a table showing the expected counts.
Example
The assignment does not ask for a simple 1 row table of counts,
a Goodness of Fit test;
19. but we will start with this simple example first. In the goodness
of fit test, our table is a single
row showing the counts. Recall from week 1 that we looked at
how many times each value from
the showing faces of a pair of dice showed up when we tossed
the pair of dice 50 times. We got
the following distribution of scores.
Outcomes from tossing a pair of dice
Count showing 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency seen 1 2 4 3 9 12 7 5 4 1 2
In the language of a Chi Square test, the frequency seen row
would be called the “Actual”
data, it is simply the count of how many we see that fit any
criteria, such as sum of dots on the
showing faces of the dice. Typically, the Actual counts are easy
to get, simply count what is
seen.
The “Expected” counts are sometimes harder figure out. For
example, what is the
expected number of 2’s when we toss the dice 50 times? Why?
We could say we expect each
value to occur the same number of times and use 50/11 (number
of possible outcomes) as the
expected value. In some situations, this would be fine (note:
expected values do not need to be
whole numbers). In this case, that is probably not the best
choice. Fortunately, probability
theory can give us an answer.
There are 36 possible outcome combinations – we have 6
outcomes for die 2 for
each of the 6 outcomes on die 1; 6 * 6 = 36. So for a run of 36
20. tosses, a “perfect”
distribution showing each of the possible outcomes would look
like:
Count showing 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Expected 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
To translate this to a run of 50, we would multiply each
frequency by 50/36. So our Expected
outcome would look like (rounded to 2 decimal points):
Count showing 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Actual 1 2 4 3 9 12 7 5 4 1 2
Expected 1.39 2.78 4.17 5.56 6.94 8.33 6.94 5.56 4.17 2.78 1.39
Going to the Fx Statistical list and picking CHISQ.TEST(actual
range, expected range), we get a
value of 0.877. This is the probability of getting a value up to
what we have. Since we are
interested in the probability of getting a value as large or larger,
to get the p-value we use
=CHISQ.TEST(actual range, expected range) (this result is our
p-value).
So, if we were testing a null hypothesis of No difference from
Expected, we would not reject this
null. Based on these 50 tosses, the dice cannot be said to be
unfair or biased. You could
calculate the Chi Square statistic long hand; for this example it
would be:
21. Chi = ((1-1.39)^2)/1.39 + ((2 – 2.78)^2)/2.78 + … + ((2-
1.39)^2)/1.39 = 5.2. The Chi Square df
for a single row table is (number of cells – 1) or (11 – 1) = 10
for this example. Now, Excel can
find the Chi Square value using the p-value found from
CHISQ.TEST by using
CHISQ.INV.RT(probability, df). Since we have the p-value
which is the probability in the right
tail of our distributions, we use the RT tail of the Chi Square
distribution to find the cut-off value
of 5.2 = CHISQ.INV.RT(0.877,10) = 5.2.
Example – Question 3
The third question for this week asks about employee grade
distribution. We are
concerned here about the possible impact of an uneven
distribution of males and females in
grades and how this might impact average salaries. If
employees are not distributed in a similar
pattern, we can expect that this grade difference could be a
factor in the observed salary
difference.
While we are concerned about an uneven distribution, our null
hypothesis is always about
equality, so the null would respond to a question such as are
males and females distributed across
the grades in a similar pattern; that is, we are either males or
females more likely to be in some
grades rather than others.
A similar question can be asked about degrees, are graduate and
undergraduate degrees
distributed across grades in a similar pattern? If not, this might
22. be part of the cause for unequal
salary averages.
The data for this test would be found in a contingency table
with rows showing the
degree and columns showing grades. Set-up of this table is
fairly simple and involves copying
the variables we want (grade and Deg, in this example), sorting
them by grade and then Deg, and
simply counting how many fit each cell (degree – grade match).
Our final actual count table is
shown below.
Deg Grade
0 A
Place the actual distribution in the table below. 0 A
A B C D E F Total 0 A
UnderG 7 5 3 2 5 3 25 0 A
Grad 8 2 2 3 7 3 25 0 A
Total 15 7 5 5 12 6 50 0 A
The second table for each form is the expected value table. It
will have the same row and
column totals as the actual table has. This is an important
check to ensure that the tables are set
up correctly. The set-up of the Contingency Table Expected
values is slightly more complicated
than for the Goodness-of-Fit expected table.
In general, we do not have a specific expected frequency count
23. for these tables, so we
need to create them using the information available to us from
the Actual table. For each cell in
the Expected table, we multiply its row total times its column
total and divide by the grand total
(50). For example, in the above table, the expected entry for
Grad in grade D would be the Grad
total (25) times the Grade D total (5) divided by the grand total
(50); this gives us 25*5/50 = 2.5
for that cell. We can use the cell formulas shown below to
create the first column values, and
drag them across the rows thru grades B to F. See the screen
print below.
Now that we have our data tables created, we can look at
performing the Chi Square
Contingency Table analysis using the hypothesis testing
procedure.
Step 1: Ho: Grad and Undergrad degrees are distributed in a
similar fashion.
Ha: Grad and Undergrad degrees are not distributed in a similar
fashion.
(Note that an alternate wording could be that Degrees and
grades are unrelated (not correlated)
versus the alternate that they are significantly correlated. Both
interpretations are appropriate for
the contingency table test.)
Step 2: Alpha = 0.05
24. Step 3: Chi Square statistic and Contingency table test, used
for count data
Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if the p-value
is < 0.05.
Step 5: Conduct the test.
As with the F and T-tests, we use the Fx (or Formulas) list of
statistical tools. The CHISQ.TEST
function has inputs for the actual and Expected ranges and
returns the p-value. This data entry is
exactly the same as we saw in the F and T-test examples last
week. The Chi square does not
have a function listed in the Data | Analysis functions. We get
a p-value of 0.85 (rounded) using
=CHISQ.TEST(L58:Q59,L63:Q64). Note that the row and total
column values are NOT
included in the data ranges. (See the above screen print of the
input tables.)
Step 6: Conclusion and Interpretation
What is the p-value? 0.85
Decision on rejecting the null: Do Not Reject the null
hypothesis
Why? P-value is > 0.05.
Conclusion on impact of degrees? Degrees are distributed
equally across the grades and do not
seem to have any correlation with grades. This suggests they
are not an important factor in
explaining differing salary averages among grades.
25. Here is a video on Chi Square: https://screencast-o-
matic.com/watch/cb6jffIk8T
NOTE: There are some issues with both versions of the Chi
Square test when we have
20% or more of the cells with expected values less than 5. In
most cases, this presents a p-value
that is too small, potentially causing incorrect rejections of the
null. There are conflicting
recommendations on what to do with this issue. Some say make
what is called the Yates’
correction (do a search on this), others say combine columns to
reduce the number of small cells,
and still others say just be aware of this if your rejection p-
value is close to alpha. We are
choosing not to emphasize this issue, but merely leave it up to
you to investigate if it becomes a
concern in your professional life.
Question 4
Having looked at grade mean differences for compa-ratios and
educational degree
distribution, neither seems to help answer our equal pay
question. The compa-ratios show that
not all of the grades have an equal average, with some senior
grades having higher averages than
the lower grades. This could be due to poorly aligned
midpoints (higher midpoints would lower
the average compa-ratios in those grades) or to a pattern of
paying relatively more for the higher
graded work. We do not know right now. At any rate, since
none of this week’s analysis
26. focused on gender, we have not really gained any additional
insights into pay practices based on
gender.
Summary
In most respects setting up the ANOVA test is similar to what
we did with the F and t-
tests. The principle difference lies with the number of col umns
we have. The input data table
for ANVOA should have multiple columns each headed by a
group name (such as A, B, C, etc.
for our grades) with the data values for each group listed below
(such as all grade A salaries
listed under the A label, etc.). The set-up window for ANVOA
will have the entire data range
(labels and values) entered as a single range (such as G1:K12).
ANOVA is found in the Data |
Analysis tab.
The set-up for the Chi Square tests is a bit more complicated as
it involves not only the
actual data being set up in one table but also the expected
values that are used for comparison
purposes being set up in a separate table. Both tables consist of
counts rather than actual values
form the data set – for example, the number of employees in
each grade.
The expected distribution table set differs depending upon
which Chi Square test we are
doing. If we are comparing a single distribution (such as
number of employees per grade), we
would set-up a single row expected table that matched the
distribution we were concerned with;
possibly equal number in each grade, or a decreasing number in
27. each grade such as a pyramid
might have, or more in the middle, etc.
If, however, we are looking at comparing several distributions,
such as male and females
across the grades; the expected table is generated using the
actual distribution. For each cell in
the expected table, we would find the value of the row total *
the column total divided by the
grand total for the respective values in the actual table.
In both cases, the Chi Square set-up (found in the Fx or Formula
links) asks us to identify
the range of the actual values and then the range of the expected
values.
Please ask your instructor if you have any questions about this
material.
When you have finished with this lecture, please respond to
Discussion thread 3 for this
week with your initial response and responses to others over a
couple of days before reading the
third lecture for the week.