Building the Brain 2017-05-02.pptx

Building the Brain
A Survey of Artificial Intelligence
Week 14

The Sections
• 100% Optional
• Tonight:
• Setup of TensorFlow in iPython
Notebook

The Final
• 100% Required
• I have the go-ahead to use Canvas
• You will have more than 48 hours to
complete it
• Starting May 9, after class
• You may not collaborate

The Singluarity
The singularity encompasses hypotheses that
artificial superintelligence is possible and
perhaps likely and will quickly result in
runaway technological growth. AI that is
smarter than we are with consequences we
cannot anticipate.
Cadwalladr, Carole (2014). "Are the robots about to rise? Google's new director of
engineering thinks so…" The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited.
Singularity hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment. Dordrecht: Springer.
2012. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9783642325601.

The Singluarity
1950’s John von Neumann said that “the ever
accelerating progress of technology […] gives the
appearance of approaching some essential
singularity in the history of the race beyond which
human affairs, as we know them, could not
continue.” This is the moment beyond which
“technological progress will become
incomprehensibly rapid and complicated.”
Ulam, Stanislaw. "John von Neumann 1903-1957." Bulletin of the
American mathematical society 64.3 (1958): 1-49.

The Singluarity
An ultra-intelligent machine is a machine that can far
surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however
clever. The design of machines is one of these
intellectual activities; therefore, an ultra-intelligent
machine could design even better machines. […]
- Good 1966
Good, Irving John. "Speculations concerning the first ultraintelligent machine." Advances
in computers 6 (1966): 31-88.

The Singluarity
We predict that large-scale artificial intelligence
systems and cognitive models will undergo sudden
phase transitions from disjointed parts into
coherent structures as their topological
connectivity increases beyond a critical value.
- Huberman & Hogg AI 1987
Huberman, Bernardo A., and Tad Hogg. "Phase transitions in artificial intelligence
systems." Artificial Intelligence 33.2 (1987): 155-171.

The Singluarity
The coming technological singularity: How to
survive in the post-human era. –Vinge 1993
Vinge, Vernor. "The coming technological singularity: How to survive in the post-human era." Proceedings of a Symposium Vision-21: Interdisciplinary
Science & Engineering in the Era of CyberSpace, held at NASA Lewis Research Center (NASA Conference Publication CP-10129).—1993. 1993.
Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940022855.pdf
The acceleration of technological progress has been the central feature of this century. I argue in this paper that we are on the edge of change
comparable to the rise of human life on Earth. The precise cause of this change is the imminent creation by technology of entities with greater
than human intelligence. There are several means by which science may achieve this breakthrough (and this is another reason for having
confidence that the event will occur): (1) the development of computers that are 'awake' and superhumanly intelligent (to date, most
controversy in the area of AI relates to whether we can create human equivalence in a machine. But if the answer is 'yes, we can', then there is
little doubt that beings more intelligent can be constructed shortly thereafter); (2) large computer networks (and their associated users) may
'wake up' as a superhumanly intelligent entity; (3) computer/human interfaces may become so intimate that users may reasonably be considered
superhumanly intelligent; and (4) biological science may find ways to improve upon the natural human intellect. The first three possibilities
depend in large part on improvements in computer hardware. Progress in computer hardware has followed an amazingly steady curve in the
last few decades. Based largely on this trend, I believe that the creation of greater than human intelligence will occur during the next thirty
years.

Human-AI Relationships
Virtual Assistants

Virtual Assistants
for the Elderly

Virtual Companions
for the elderly

Virtual Companions
for the lonely

Virtual Companions
for the bored

Virtual Companions
for the young

Virtual Therapists
for autistic individuals

Virtual Assistants + Therapists
for people with Alzheimer's

Human-AI Love
David Levy, argues in his 2007 book “Love and Sex
with Robots” that it will soon be common for
people to fall in love with robots and seek
companionship, friendship, sexual relations, and
marriage with them.

Human-AI Love
Object sexuality
objectophilia

Human-AI Love
Object sexuality
objectophilia
• Stasieńko, Jan. "Bizarre marriages: Weddings as a form of legitimization of intimate relations with non-human agents." La camera blu. Rivista di studi di genere 11.12
(2015).
• Oram, Denise, and Nigel Houlden. "Entertainment Vs Evolution: Cyber Love and relationships, Should We Draw the Line?." Proceedings of the 2014 Workshops on Advances in Computer
Entertainment Conference. ACM, 2014.
• Terry, Jennifer. "Loving objects." Trans-Humanities Journal 2.1 (2010): 33-75.
• Weijers, Stefan. Exploring Human-Robot Social Relations. MS thesis. University of Twente, 2013.

Human-AI Love
AI + Tinder = $$

Human-Robot Intimacy
Here and now.

Human-Robot Intimacy
What are the mental health
consequences of this?

AI and Privacy
Calo, Ryan. "Robots and privacy." (2010).

AI and Privacy
You currently have no privacy.

AI and Privacy
Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple,
Amazon, Comcast, Time Warner, RCN,
Walmart, Star Market, Walgreens, CVS,
MasterCard, Visa, Bank of America,
CitiBank, ADP, Blue Cross Blue Shield, etc.

AI and Privacy
Collectively, they know:
Who you talk to, who you “hang out”
with, who you are related to, who are
your friends, what you discuss, buy, eat,
drink, earn, watch, read, listen to, enjoy,
dislike and more.

AI and Privacy
When you go to sleep, wake up, drive,
walk, bike, go to work, go to the store,
get angry at your phone, and when you
are going to get hungry.

AI and Privacy
Who you go on dates with, who you
sleep with, who you work with, who is
usually gives you the double-pumpkin
spice Frappuccino.

AI and Privacy
In the US, we have no rights to protect
our privacy from non-Governmental
agents.

AI and Privacy
Nor the Government, because they are
not allowe to collect it, but they can buy
it.

AI and Privacy
Is it OK? After all, “no one” is really
watching, it’s just computers doing their
thing.

AI and Privacy
Artificial intelligence learns to be
racist, sexist, and more!

Artificial intelligence currently used to…

Estimate your credit worthiness

Estimate your trustworthiness

Estimate your job fitness

Increase marketing efficacy to you

Estimate your marketing susceptibility

Estimate your marketing influence

Estimate your social influence

Identify potential terrorists

Identify potential criminals

Identify potential dissidents

Solve crimes

Propose sentencing

Estimate recidivism rates

Recommend or deny parole

The Future…
Interesting Questions:
Evolution?
Devolution?
Pets?
Parasites?
Resources?

The Future…
Course:
• Next Year
• Potential Co-Instructor(s) [>30% chance]
• Alexandra Przegalinska
• James Waldo
• TA/TF

Readings
Readings / Bibliography on AI Ethics, Policy, Law, and Psychology

Building the Brain 2017-05-02.pptx

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