The document provides information on assigning tasks and guidelines for students regarding website development life-cycle and XML document validation using DTDs. It outlines specific tasks regarding data validation, internal and external DTDs, validating parsers, and XSL-FO, along with explanations on their purpose and functionality. Additionally, it includes contact information for assignment submission and assistance.

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ASSIGNMENT
1. Draw and explainthe diagram ofwebsite developmentlife cycle.
Answer: Just like the field of software development, the website development process can be separated
into differentlife-cycle phases. The purpose of a development life-cycle is help align the developers with
tasks that need to be done at certain stages, and to work to a set of standards and procedures to help
ensure that maximum quality can be achieved. This article looks into each phase of the development
life-cycle, however it should be noted that some of these phases can be rearranged to better suit a
project,andby no meansisthisa strict frameworkthatmustbe followedatall times.
The followinglife-cycle is
Q. 2. Describe the followingincontextof validating XML documentswithDTDs
1. Conceptof data validation
Answer: A valid document includes a document type declaration that identifies the DTD the document
satisfies. The DTD lists all the elements, attributes, and entities the document uses and the contexts in
which it uses them. The DTD may list items the document does not use as well. Validity operates on the
principle that everything not permitted is forbidden. Everything in the document must match a
declaration in the DTD. If a document has a document type declaration and the document satisfies the
DTD that the document type declarationindicates, then the document is said to be valid. If it does not,it
issaid to be invalid.
PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER THIRD
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0078, Website Design
CREDIT 2
BK ID B1005
MAX. MARKS 30

2. 2. Writingdocumenttype definition(DTD) files:
Answer : While XML is extremely flexible, not all the programs that read particular XML documents are
so flexible. Many programs can work with only some XML applications but not others. For example,
Adobe Illustrator 10 can read and write Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files, but you wouldn't expect it
to understand a Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) document. And within a particular XML
application,it'soften
3. Internal and external DTDs:
Answer : When you're first developing a DTD, it's often useful to keep the DTD and the canonical
example document in the same file so you can modify and check them simultaneously. Therefore, the
document type declaration may actually contain the DTD between square brackets rather than
referencing it at an external URI. Example 3-4 demonstrates. Some document type declarations contain
some declarations directly but link in others using a SYSTEM or PUBLIC identifier. The part of the DTD
betweenthe bracketsiscalledthe
4. Validatingparsers:
Answer : The declarations in the internal subset form part of the DOCTYPE in the document itself. The
declarations in the external subset are located in a separate text file. The external subset may be
referenced via a public identifier and/or a system identifier. Programs for reading documents may not
be required to read the external subset.Note that any valid SGML or XML document that references an
external subset in its DTD, or whose body contains references to parsed external entities declared in its
DTD (including
5. The NMTOKENand NMTOKENSType:
Answer : The effective value of the attribute can only be a valid name token (or a spaced-separated list
of such name tokens), but it is not restricted to a unique identifier within the document; this name may
carry supplementary and application-dependent semantics and may require additional naming
constraints,butthisisout
Q. 3. Define XSL-FO.
Explainthe following:
1. Purpose of XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)
Answer: Purpose of XSL Formatting Objects(XSL-FO):

3. Answer : XSL Formatting Objects, or XSL-FO, is a markup language for XML document formatting which
is most often used to generate PDFs. XSL-FO is part of XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language), a set of
W3C technologies designed for the transformation and formatting of XML data. The other parts of XSL
are XSLT and XPath. Version 1.1 of XSL-FO was published in 2006. XSL-FO was discontinued: the last
update forthe WorkingDraftwas inJanuary 2012, and itsWorkingGroup closedinNovember2013.
XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) are the second half of the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL). XSL-FO
is an XML application that describes how pages will look when presented to a reader. A style sheet uses
the XSL
2. XSL-FODocuments and XSL-FO Processors:
Answer : XML was designed as a portable means to exchange data between different applications; data
presentation is often left to the applications themselves. An XML document typically describes data in
an orderly manner, with indentation being the only formatting. In this section I take a look at the use of
XSL-FOas a specializedXML
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