Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways that leads to coughing and mucus production. It is usually caused by viral infections and typically lasts 1-3 weeks. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition associated with cigarette smoking or air pollution exposure. The main symptom is a persistent cough. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and tests can rule out other conditions. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through medications, airway clearance techniques, and managing underlying causes.

1. Bronchitis
Presented by- Mrs. Khushnasib
Associate Professor

2. • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways leading into lungs.
• When airways (trachea and bronchi) get irritated, they swell
up and fill with mucus, causing you to cough. cough can last
days to a couple of weeks. It’s the main symptom of
bronchitis.
• Viruses are the most common cause of acute bronchitis.
Smoke and other irritants can cause acute and chronic
bronchitis.

3. types of bronchitis
• When people talk about bronchitis, they usually mean acute
bronchitis, a temporary condition that makes cough. Some
people get bronchitis so often that it’s considered chronic
bronchitis.

4. • Acute bronchitis
• Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection and goes
away on its own in a few weeks. Most people don’t need
treatment for acute bronchitis.

5. • Chronic bronchitis
• chronic bronchitis if patient have a cough with mucus most
days of the month for three months out of the year. This goes
on for at least two years.
• If patient have chronic bronchitis, may have chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ask about whether
should get tested for COPD.

6. Risk factors
• Smoke or are around someone who does.
• Have asthma, COPD or other breathing conditions.
• Have GERD (chronic acid reflux).
• Have an autoimmune disorder or other illness that causes
inflammation.
• Are around air pollutants (like smoke or chemicals).

7. Symptoms and Causes
A persistent cough that lasts one to three weeks is the main
symptom of bronchitis. cough with bronchitis, but you might get
a dry cough instead might also hear a whistling or rattling sound
when breathe (wheezing).
• other symptoms, including:
• Shortness of breath (dyspnea).
• Fever.
• Runny nose.
• Tiredness (fatigue).

8. •
Infectious and noninfectious causes of bronchitis include:
• Viruses. Viruses that cause bronchitis include influenza (the
flu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, rhinovirus
(the common cold) and coronavirus.
• Bacteria. Bacteria that cause bronchitis include Bordetella
pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumonia.
• Pollution.
• Smoking cigarettes or marijuana (cannabis).

9. •
Patient get bronchitis when airways swell up and fill with
mucus. viruses and bacteria that cause bronchitis from close
contact (shaking hands, hugging, touching the same surfaces)
with someone who has them. Other irritants, like tobacco or
pollutants, are in the air when breathe.

10. Diagnosis and Tests
• There aren’t any specific tests to diagnose bronchitis, but
might be tested for other conditions. Possible tests include:
• Nasal swab. soft-tipped stick (swab) in nose to test for viruses,
like COVID-19 or the flu.
• Chest X-ray. If cough lasts for a long time, get a chest X-ray to
rule out more serious conditions.

11. • Blood tests. blood tests, using a needle in your arm, to look
for infections or check overall health.
• Sputum test. cough and then spit into a tube. sample will be
tested for signs of a virus or bacteria.
• Pulmonary function tests. chronic bronchitis, may use a
machine to test how well lungs work.

12. Management and Treatment
• Antiviral medications. bronchitis is caused by the flu, antiviral
medication, like Tamiflu®, Relenza® and Rapivab.
Bronchodilators. bronchodilator (a drug that helps open your
airways) if having trouble breathing.
• Anti-inflammatory medications. corticosteroids and other
medications to reduce inflammation.
• Cough suppressants. Over-the-counter or prescription cough
suppressants (antitussives) may help with a nagging cough.
This includes dextromethorphan benzonatate

13. • Antibiotics. antibiotics for bronchitis, bacterial infection.
• COPD/asthma treatment - use additional medications or
breathing treatments for chronic bronchitis.

14. Nursing Interventions for
Bronchitis:
• Monitor Respiratory Status:
• Assess and document the patient’s respiratory rate, depth,
and effort regularly
• Auscultate lung sounds to identify any changes or
abnormalities.
• Monitor oxygen saturation levels using a pulse oximeter.
• Document and report any signs of respiratory distress, such as
increased work of breathing or decreased oxygen saturation.

15. • Promote Airway Clearance:
• Encourage the patient to practice deep breathing and effective
coughing techniques.
• Teach the patient about postural drainage positions to
facilitate mucus drainage.
• Administer prescribed bronchodilators or expectorants to help
open airways and promote mucus expectoration.
• Encourage an adequate fluid intake to help liquefy and
mobilize mucus.

16. • Provide Respiratory Support:
• Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed to maintain
oxygen saturation within the target range.
• Instruct the patient on the proper use of respiratory
equipment, such as inhalers or nebulizers, to ensure optimal
medication delivery.
• Monitor and document the patient’s response to respiratory
treatments and medications.

17. • Promote Rest and Comfort:
• Encourage the patient to get adequate rest and conserve
energy.
• Assist the patient in finding a comfortable position that
promotes optimal breathing and relaxation.
• Administer prescribed pain medications or recommend non-
pharmacological pain relief strategies to alleviate discomfort.

18. • ducate on Self-Care Management:
• Provide thorough education on the nature of bronchitis,
including its causes, symptoms, and potential complications.
• Teach the patient effective self-care measures, such as proper
hand hygiene, avoiding respiratory irritants, and smoking
cessation.
• Instruct the patient on the correct use of prescribed
medications and potential side effects.
• Discuss the importance of following up with healthcare
providers and attending scheduled appointments.

19. Thank you