Dermatosis refers to skin, nails, and hair diseases, which can be infectious or non-infectious, with various types including acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Causes include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, autoimmune disorders, and infections, with symptoms like itching, redness, and scaling. Treatment involves medications, lifestyle changes, and nursing management strategies including assessment, prevention, patient education, and emotional support.

1. DERMATOSES
PREPARED BY,
MISFA KHATUN

2. INTRODUCTION
 Dermatosis is referred as diseases of the skin, nails, and hair in the
integumentary system.
 Infectious dermatoses that can manifest as vesicles include bacteria, viruses,
fungi, syphilis and other infections.
 Non-infectious dermatoses occur due to allergic and autoimmune disease.

3. DEFINITION
• Dermatoses- any abnormal condition of the skin, ranging from the mildest
redness, itching, or scaling to an eczematous, ulcerative, acneiform,
pigmentary, granulomas, or neoplastic disorder.

4. TYPES
• Acne: A common dermatosis characterized by the formation of pimples,
blackheads, and whiteheads.
• Eczema: A chronic inflammatory condition that causes itchy, red, and dry
skin.
• Psoriasis: A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by thick, scaly
patches of skin.
• Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin that can result from contact with
irritants or allergens.
• Rosacea: A chronic skin condition characterized by facial redness,
flushing, and the appearance of small blood vessels.
• Urticaria: Also known as hives, it is a skin condition characterized by
raised, itchy welts.

5. Contd…
Acne Eczema Psoriasis

6. Contd…
Dermatitis Rosacea Urticaria

7. CAUSES
• Genetics: Some dermatoses have a genetic predisposition, making certain
individuals more susceptible to developing these conditions.
- For example, people with the gene HLA-DR4 have a high risk of
experiencing dermatosis than those who do not .
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to irritants, allergens, chemicals, or extreme
weather conditions can trigger or exacerbate dermatosis.
• Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like psoriasis and lupus can lead to the
development of dermatoses.
• Infections: Certain infections, such as fungal, viral or bacterial infections, can
cause dermatosis.
- Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Virus: HIV/AIDS

8. SYMPTOMS
• Itching,
• Redness,
• Rash,
• Dryness,
• Scaling,
• Swelling,
• Pain etc.
• Lesion,
• Vitiligo,
• Impetigo,
• Wrinkles, etc.
Scaling Rash Swelling
Dryness Redness Itching

9. DIAGNOSIS
Dermatologists typically diagnose dermatosis through a combination of -
• Physical examination,
• Medical history, and
• Sometimes by conducting skin tests or biopsies.

10. TREATMENT
• Topical Medications: Creams, ointments, and lotions containing
corticosteroids, antifungal agents, or immunomodulators may be
prescribed.
• Systemic Medications: In severe cases, oral medications or injections
may be necessary to control the symptoms of dermatosis.
• Phototherapy: Exposure to specific wavelengths of light can help
alleviate symptoms in conditions like psoriasis.
• Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding triggers, practicing good skincare habits, and
managing stress can contribute to managing dermatosis.

11. NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Assessment:
• Perform a thorough assessment of the patient's skin condition, including the
location, extent, and characteristics of the dermatosis.
• Assess for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, warmth, or purulent
discharge.
• Evaluate the patient's medical history, including any underlying conditions that
may contribute to or exacerbate the dermatosis.
2.Prevention:
• Educate patients on proper skin hygiene practices, including regular
cleansing, moisturizing, and protection from environmental irritants.
• Encourage patients to avoid triggers or known irritants that may exacerbate
their dermatosis.
• Promote a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and
adequate hydration, as these factors can influence skin health.

12. Contd…
3. Treatment:
• Collaborate with the healthcare team to develop an individualized
treatment plan for the specific dermatosis. This may include topical
medications, oral medications, phototherapy, or other interventions.
• Administer prescribed medications as ordered, ensuring proper
dosage, timing, and application techniques.
• Monitor the patient's response to treatment, including the
improvement or worsening of symptoms, and communicate any
changes to the healthcare team.
• Provide comfort measures, such as cool compresses or soothing
lotions, to relieve itching, pain, or discomfort associated with the
dermatosis.

13. Contd…
4. Patient Education:
• Educate patients about their specific dermatosis, including its
causes, symptoms, and potential triggers.
• Teach patients how to properly apply topical medications,
emphasizing the importance of consistency and adherence to the
prescribed treatment regimen.
• Instruct patients on self-care strategies, such as proper skin hygiene,
moisturizing techniques, and avoidance of irritants.
• Discuss the importance of follow-up appointments and regular
monitoring to assess treatment effectiveness and make any
necessary adjustments.

14. Contd…
5. Emotional Support:
• Recognize the potential impact of dermatosis on a patient's
emotional well-being and body image.
• Provide empathetic and supportive care, addressing any concerns or
anxieties related to the dermatosis.
• Refer patients to appropriate resources, such as support groups or
counseling services, to help them cope with the psychosocial aspects
of their condition.

15. PREVENTION AND SELF-CARE
• Protecting the skin from excessive sun exposure.
• Avoiding exposure to irritants and allergens.
• Maintaining good hygiene practices.
• Keeping the skin moisturized and well-nourished.
• Seeking medical advice promptly for any skin abnormalities or persistent
symptoms.
• Avoid rubbing, itching at the affected area.
• Avoid sharing personal care items.