Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses that can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or nasal polyps. It is characterized by facial pain, nasal congestion, discolored discharge, coughing, fatigue, and headaches. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and nasal endoscopy. Treatment consists of home remedies, medications like decongestants, antibiotics, and pain relievers, nasal irrigation, and corticosteroids. Nursing management focuses on patient education, monitoring for symptoms, providing comfort, promoting hygiene, and ensuring compliance with treatment.

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SUBJECT – MEDICALAND SURGICAL NURSING
TOPIC -SINUSITIS
PREPARED BY DOLISHA WARBI

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DEFINITION:

3. CAUSES:
1. Viral Infections: Often triggered by the common cold or flu viruses.
2. Bacterial Infections: Secondary bacterial infections may develop after a viral infection.
3. Fungal Infections: Less common, but can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
4. Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause swelling and congestion in the nasal passages.
5. Nasal Polyps: Benign growths in the nasal passages that can block the sinuses.
TYPES:
1. Acute Sinusitis: Lasts for a short duration, usually after a cold or flu.
2. Chronic Sinusitis: Persists for an extended period, often for more than 12 weeks.
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4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1. Facial pain or pressure: Especially around the eyes and forehead.
2. Nasal congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose.
3. Discolored nasal discharge: Yellow or green.
4. Coughing: Often worsens at night.
5. Fatigue: Due to disrupted sleep and the body's response to infection.
6. Headache: Especially in the forehead region.
DIAGNOSIS:
1. Clinical Evaluation: Based on symptoms and medical history.
2. Imaging Studies: CT scans or MRIs may be used to visualize the sinuses.
3. Nasal Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a light and camera is used to examine the nasal passages.
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5. TREATMENT:
1.Home Remedies: Rest, hydration, and steam inhalation.
2.Medications:
§ Decongestants: To reduce nasal congestion.
§ Antibiotics: If bacterial infection is present.
§ Pain relievers: For discomfort and pain.
3.Nasal Irrigation: Saline solution to flush out mucus.
4.Corticosteroids: For severe inflammation.
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1.Patient Education: Inform patients about the importance of completing prescribed medications
and follow-up care.
2.Monitoring: Regularly assess vital signs and observe for any worsening symptoms.
3.Comfort Measures: Provide comfort measures such as warm compresses, encouragement of fluid
intake, and rest.
4.Promote Hygiene: Emphasize proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection.
5.Encourage Compliance: Ensure that patients adhere to prescribed treatments and attend follow-up
appointments.
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