Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes caused by viruses, bacteria, or other irritants. There are two main types: acute bronchitis, which usually lasts a few weeks and follows a cold or flu, and chronic bronchitis, a long-term illness with daily cough and mucus production for at least 3 months per year. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, wheezing, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, chest x-rays, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, cough medicine, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Managing risk factors like smoking and avoiding pollutants can help prevent bronchitis.

1. Mr. Sanket Patel
Assistant Professor
MSN Department
Sumandeep Nursing College
BRONCHITIS

2. DEFINITION OF BRONCHITIS
 Bronchitis is a infection and inflammation
of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air
passages between the nose and the lungs.
 Bronchitis is caused by viruses, bacteria,
and other particles that irritate the
bronchial tubes.

5. TYPES OF BRONCHITIS
1. Acute bronchitis
2. Chronic bronchitis

6. TYPES OF BRONCHITIS
1. Acute bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is a shorter illness
that commonly follows a cold or viral
infection, such as the flu season
Acute bronchitis usually lasts a few
days or weeks

7. 2. Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a long term,
irreversible respiratory illness.
Chronic bronchitis have a daily
mucus product cough at last 3
months a year.

8. Etiology & risk factors
 Infection – Bacteria and virus
 Smoking
 tobacco
 weakness of immune systems
 Genetics causes

9. Contd…
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)
 Air pollution
 Influenza A and B virus
 Mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria

10. Signs & symptoms of bronchitis
 Inflammation or swelling of the bronchi
 Coughing
 Production of clear, white, yellow, grey, or
green mucus (sputum)
 Shortness of breath
 Wheezing
 Fatigue

11. Cont...
 Fever and chills
 Chest pain or discomfort
 runny nose
 Sore throat
 Vomiting and diarrhea
 Cyanosis

12. Pathophysiology
Smoke or another environment pollutant irritates airway
Hyper secretion of mucus and inflammation
Bronchial walls become thickened, the bronchial lumen is
narrowed and mucus may plug airway
so altered function of Alveoli cells
Respiratory infection
Emphysema and Bronchiectasis

13. Diagnostic evaluation
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Chest x- rays
 Sputum cultures
 Pulmonary function test
 Spirometer excercises
 Bronchoscopy

14. Pharmacologic management
 Antibiotics -
azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefixime
 Cough medicine -
Noscapine, Dextromethorphan
 Bronchodilators –
salbutamol, Terbutaline

15. Contd…
 Nasal decongestants :
Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline,
 Anti-inflammatory drugs:
Ibuprofen
 Antiviral medicine:
Acyclovir
 Corticosteroids drugs:
Beclomethasone, dexamethasone
 Pulmonary rehabilitation program : this includes work
with a respiratory therapist to help breathing.

16. HEALTH EDUCATION
 Avoiding tobacco smoke and exposure to
second hand smoke
 Avoiding people who are sick with colds
or the flu
 Getting a yearly flu vaccine
 Getting a pneumonia vaccine
 Washing hands regularly
 Avoiding cold, damp locations or areas
with a lot of air pollution
 Wearing a mask around people who are
coughing and sneezing

17. COMPLICATIONS
 Asthma
 Bronchiectasis
 Tuberculosis
 Sinusitis

18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Ineffective breathing pattern related to
shortness breathing ,mucus or broncho
constriction.
 Ineffective airway clearence related to
broncho constriction.
 Self care deficit related to fatigue
secondary to increased effort for
breathing.
 Activity intolerence due to fatigue and
inffective breathing patterns

19. Nursing management
 Assess The Condition Of Patient.
 Assess The Vital Signs
 Provide Comfortable Position.
 Change The Position Periodically.
 Maintain Personal Hygiene.
 Use pulse Oximetry & Suction.
 Deep Breathing Exercise Learn To
Patient.

20. Cont...
 Refer To Physiotherapist.
 Provide Oxygen According To Physician
Order.
 Provide Psychological Support To
Patient.
 Provide Knowledge About Chronic
Bronchitis.
 administer medication according to
physician order.
Bronchodilators, antibiotics,