This document describes NicheKen's Broadband Access Network Solution (BANS) to provide broadband connectivity in urban and rural areas. For urban areas, BANS uses optical fiber or wireless radios to connect a central building and then distributes broadband to end users within apartments and buildings. For rural areas, BANS creates wireless cells with a central aggregator connecting to schools within 10km using point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links. A case study demonstrates BANS providing speeds from 12Mbps to 48Mbps for schools up to 14.7km away. The document compares BANS to cellular, VSAT, and other technologies for broadband distribution.

1. BANS
Broadband Access Network Solution
NicheKen Technologies Pvt. Ltd
Chennai

2. BANS
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
Current status........................................................................................................................................3
NicheKen's Solution.............................................................................................................................4
Urban Solution.................................................................................................................................4
Rural Solution..................................................................................................................................6
Case study.............................................................................................................................................7
Other Technologies...............................................................................................................................8
Cellular.............................................................................................................................................8
VSAT...............................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................8

3. BANS
Introduction
The need for voice & data services is increasing exponentially. PCM-TDM
based digital telephone network and GSM based cellular network provides
voice services to a large extent. Some rural areas still waiting for basic
voice services.
Using DSLAM & ADSL modem broadband data network is implemented
nearer to the telephone exchanges. Cellular network also provides certain
data connectivity (2G & 3G). As the RF bandwith is limited the GSM based
data network has limiation in number of simultaneous users and the data
speed.
Even though broadband is defined as 256Kbps and above, less than 1Mbps
may not serve current requirement of broadband applications.
Approximately 5Mbps may be adequate for normal official purpose. However
higher data rate is needed for larger operation.
Current status
Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) is the major backbone for voice & data services.
The current OFC network covers all the cities and most of the towns. Railtel
and PGCIL (Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.) also provide the OFC
connectivity along the railway track and power transmission infrastructure.
However reaching the end user is still not adequate. In commercial area, the
data network is more or less good, as the revenue is high. In scattered
commercial and office areas and residential areas the data network
coverage is very poor. This is same in city / town / village.

4. BANS
NicheKen's Solution
NicheKen's solution has all the necessary network elements to provide the
broadband to the end customer. In addition all the necessary hardware and
software to manage and maintain the access network is also part of the
solution.
NicheKen takes care of power backup. With these the customers get
uninterruptable service.
The basic technology is the same for Urban and Rural deployment, with
certain optimisation.
Urban Solution
Many outskirt area of the city and towns have broadband connectivity
issues. NicheKen, from ISP's POP (Point Of Presence), take an Internet
pipe to the customer area. The pipe can be of Point to Point wireless radio
or OFC.
J
I
K L M N O
P Q R
H G
Hall
F
E
S T
D
C
B U V
A
W
X
Y
Gate
Z
Road Road
RoadRoad
Park
OFC

5. BANS
As shown in the figure the Internet pipe is terminated at a central building.
From here the broadband connectivity is extended to all end users.
The following figure shows a typical network schematic for broadband
distribution
● ICD Intra Complex Distributor
● IBD Intra Building Distributor
● IFD Intra Floor Distributor
● Apt Apartment
● OFC Optical Fibre Cable
The end user services can be configured for various level of services.
ICD
IBD 1
IFD
OFC
Apt.
Apt.
Apt.
Apt.
Apt.
Apt.
Apt.
Apt.
IBD 10
IFD IFD IFD

6. BANS
Rural Solution
From the POP an OFC or radio link is taken to a cell centre. The distribution
is as in cellular., except it is fixed wireless. A single cell will look as below:
Multiple cells are formed with point to point connection between the cells
Cell diameter can
be 10 Km for ISM
band and more
for other
spectrum
Aggregator
Internet Data
Basic Services
Leased Line

7. BANS
Case study
An actual implementation is given below:
A College in Pandharpur, Maharashtra is the cell centre. It is connected to 5
schools. The school at Khardi is 14.7Km away. Except Khardi all the schools
are in point to multipoint mode. They form the cell.
Khardi has point to point link as if it is centre of next cell.
The table below shows the performance:
S .No School Name Distance Link Speed
1 Sitaram Maharaj,
Khardi
14.7 Km 12 Mbps
2 Daulatrao
Vidhyalaya,
Kasegaon
6.2 Km 48 Mbps
3 Lotus English
School
4.5 Km 48 Mbps
4 New English School 3.4Km 48 Mbps
5 Sir Darling Vidhya
Mandir
5.69Km 36 Mbps

8. BANS
Other Technologies
Cellular
2G, 3G, 4G / LTE are of wireless in nature. Their deployment cost is more as
they are of licenced spectrum. However if number of simultaneous users
increase the the speed gets shared with all the active users
VSAT
VSAT is recommended for remote sites, . Also it is the oniy feasible option for
remote areas where leased lines are not practical like non reachable areas to lay cable or
line of sight availability for radios.
As the satellite bandwidth is very limited it is expensive.
S.No Link speed Indicative expense per year
1 64 Kbps Rs. 1,25,,000
2 128Kbps Rs. 2,00,000
3 256Kbps Rs. 3,00,000
4 512Kbps Rs. 6,00,000
5 1Mbps Rs. 10,00,000
6 2Mbps Rs. 18,00,000
The cost is justifiable only for not-reachable locations only. Even with high
cost the speed is low.

9. BANS
NicheKen's Scope of work
1 . F r o m t h e P O P o f I S P, t h e I n t e r n e t w i l l b e e x t e n d e d t o t h e
c u s t o m e r l o c a t i o n b y u s i n g O F C o r P o i n t t o P o i n t r a d i o s .
2 . D i s t r i b u t e t h e b r o a d b a n d t o a l l t h e c u s t o m e r s , a s d e s c r i b e d
i n t h i s d o c u m e n t
3 . A s a n d w h e n a n y n e w c u s t o m e r s j o i n , t h e b r o a d b a n d w i l l b e
e x t e n d e d t o t h e m
4 . N i c h e K e n w i l l m a i n t a i n a w e b s i t e ( E M S ) f o r c u s t o m e r c a r e
o p e r a t i o n .
5 . N i c h e K e n w i l l m a i n t a i n t h e n e t w o r k .
Conclusion
As the infrastructure improves the OFC will reach most of the places like all
panchayats. This will make the POP to come closer. The last mile
connectivity proposed by NicheKen will prevail.