Presentation on cassava breeding activities in Thailand to address CMD. Chalermpol Phumichai , Chareinsuk Rojanaridpiched , Ed Sarobol , Vichan Vichukit, Wannasiri Wannarat , Wanwisa Siriwan , Pasajee Kongsil , Piya Kittipadakul , Pornsak Aiemnaka

1. Breeding activities in
Thailand
Establishing sustainable solutions to cassava diseases in mainland
Southeast Asia Project Inception Meeting
Vientiane Lao PDR
11-13th September 2019
Chalermpol Phumichai, Chareinsuk Rojanaridpiched , Ed Sarobol, Vichan Vichukit,
Wannasiri Wannarat, Wanwisa Siriwan, Pasajee Kongsil, Piya Kittipadakul, Pornsak Aiemnaka

2. • Sources of resistance to CMD available from CIAT,
TME3 and C33 were introduced to Thailand in
March 2013
• However, CMD was not reported in
Southeast Asia until May2015
2

3. Twenty-one tissue-cultured plants were
introduced to Thailand
(2013)
3

4. ➢ 2015 : First report CMD outbreak
in Ratanakiri province,
Cambodia.
Wang et al. (2016)
➢ 2017 : First outbreak in Tay Ninh
province, Vietnam
Hoat et al.(2017 )
CMD outbreak in southeast Asia
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/340
725528040857318/
4

5. Linkage map of CMD2-associated marker; the numbers above refer to the genetic distances in cM
(centiMorgan)
Name
Position
Type of
repeat
Left primer Right primer
Product
Size(bp.)
SSRY 28 SSR TTGAACATGAGTGATATTTTCTTG
AG
GCTGCGTGCAAAACTAAA
AT
180
158 SSR GTGCGAAATGGAAATCAATG
TGAAATAGTGATACATGC
AAAAGGA
166
169 SSR GTGCGAAATGGAAATCAATG
GCCTTCTCAGCATATGGA
GC
319
RMEI SCAR ATGTTAATGTTATGAAAGAGC
AGAAGAGGGTAGGAGTT
ATGT
700
Oliveira et al. (2015)
5

6. Identification of CMD-resistance progenies was performed using NS158,
NS169, SSRY28 and RME1 markers
NS 169
6

7. (GLM)
S12_7926132
S12_7926163
S12_7954303
S12_7954248
S14_9004550
S14_4626854
CMD2 Locus
Selection of CMD2 resistance alleles using markers in the High
Throughput Genotyping Platform
GCP21 Special Meeting on CMD in Asia
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Sept 18-20, 2018
Contact: p.kulakow@cgiar.org
7

8. The first evaluation takes place in seedling stage
8
123-1
179-3179-3
123-1

9. The first evaluation takes place in seedling stage
9
179-8179-8
179-4179-4

10. TME3
179-3
179_3
Pre screening for resistance to CMD by grafting tools
10
Plant Protection Research and Development Office
Department of Agriculture

11. 179_5
R11
Pre screening for resistance to CMD by grafting tools
11
Plant Protection Research and Development Office
Department of Agriculture

12. Development of disease symptoms on the leaf of cassava plants after grafting inoculation
Evaluation of resistance to cassava mosaic disease strain
Sri Lankan in selected Thai commercial varieties using
greenhouse grafting method
12

13. Evaluation of resistance to cassava mosaic disease
strain Sri Lankan in selected Thai commercial
varieties using greenhouse grafting method
13

14. 14
Evaluation of resistance to cassava mosaic disease strain Sri Lankan in
selected Thai commercial varieties using greenhouse grafting method
No. Cultivar name Mean CMD severity score
2 WAI 3 WAI 4 WAI 5 WAI 6 WAI 7 WAI 8 WAI
1 TME3 0.00 c 1.25 b 1.50 b 2.00 c 2.00 c 2.00 c 2.00 c
2 Rayong11 2.00 a 4.00 a 4.00 a 4.00 a 4.00 a 4.00 a 4.00 a
3 CMR-89 1.00 b 1.75 b 2.50 b 3.25 ab 3.25 ab 3.25 b 3.25 b
4 Kasetsart 50 1.00 b 2.00 b 2.50 b 2.75 bc 2.75 bc 3.00 b 3.00 b
5 Huay Bong 60 1.00 b 1.75 b 2.25 b 2.50 bc 2.75 bc 3.00 b 3.00 b
6 Huay Bong 80 1.25 b 2.00 b 2.00 b 2.25 bc 2.50 bc 3.00 b 3.00 b
7 Huay Bong 90 1.00 b 1.00 b 2.25 b 2.25 bc 2.75 bc 2.75 b 2.75 b
Tukeys's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Test * P value (α)= 0.05
Severity of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic disease (SLCMD) on 7 cultivar of cassava 2-8
weeks after inoculation (WAI)

15. Development of disease symptoms on the leaf of cassava plants after grafting
inoculation
Progress in disease incidence in 6 week old plants of CMR-89 after grafting inoculation
with TME3, Rayong11, CRM-89, Kasetsart 50, Huay Bong 60, Huay Bong 80 and Huay
Bong 90. Data shown at the average of five replications.
15

16. CMD-resistant cassava cultivars from IITA
Nov 2018
TME B419
IITA-TMS-IBA980581
IITA-TMS-IBA980505
IITA-TMS-IBA972205
IITA-TMS-IBA920057
16

17. 17
Micropropagation of CMD cassava varieties

18. Transplantation of TC CMD seedlings at TDI
Clone
Tissue culture seedlings
(Sep 2018 - May 2019)
Transplanting period Survival rate of transplants
after planting 1 month
C33 6,384 June-Sep 2019 100%
TME-3 8,428 June-Sep 2019 100% 18
1 month 2 months 3 months

19. TME3 and C33 are planting for general yield trial in 3
locations comparing with commercial varieties
Suwan Farm field trial
TDI field trial
Khao Hin Sorn field trial
19

20. TME3 and C33 are planting for general yield trial in spreading CMD field
20

21. Flower induction experiment @ TDI,
Pruning technique
21

22. Flower induction experiment @ TDI, Huay Bong, Nakorn Rachasrima
(The North-Eastern part of Thailand)
323 meters above sea level
Three-month old Rayong 72
flowering at
the first fork branching
Three-month old TME3 (left)
and C33 (right)
had the first forking.
Varieties Red light No red light
KU50 - -
HB80 Forking Forking
HB90 - -
R5 Forking Forking
R9 - -
R72 Forking Forking
TME3 Forking Forking
C33 Forking Forking
22

23. Two-month old Rayong 5
flowering at
the first fork branching
Varieties Red light No red light
KU50 - -
HB80 flowering Flowering
HB90 - -
R5 flowering flowering
R9 - -
R72 - -
Flower induction experiment @ Doi Pui Hill, Chiang Mai (The Northern
part of Thailand)
1,260 meters above sea level
23

24. Botanical seed to be imported from Hawaii
All seeds are open pollinated,
we only know about the female progenitor.
24

25. Development of early generation inbred line (EGIL)
in Cassava
25
S1 and S2 in Cassava
• Developed from KU50 R5 R1
• Selected ~ 500 S1 and S1 lines got 51 potential lines
for good yield
• Will using the potential lines for using as parents to
develop resistant lines for CMD resistant varieties

26. 26
Proposed scheme for fast track introgression of CMD2 into SE Asian
cassava breeding populations and rapid breaking of undesirable linkages

27. Acknowledgements
Thank You
27