Bonus Shares
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Bonus shares are issued by companies to make share prices more affordable for small investors. If a company's profits double but the number of shares stays the same, the earnings per share would also double, making each share expensive. To address this, companies issue bonus shares to existing shareholders. This increases the total number of shares, keeping the company's total capital the same. But it reduces the earnings and price per individual share, making the stock more affordable and liquid. This benefits both small investors and the company.
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Why bonus shares are issued
Bonus shares are issued by companies to make shares more affordable for small investors. When a company's profits rise substantially, its share price rises accordingly. This price increase can make individual shares unaffordable for retail investors. By issuing bonus shares, which increase the total number of shares without changing the company's total capital, the earnings and price per share is reduced. This makes the shares more accessible to smaller investors and increases liquidity in the stock. Bonus shares allow the company to reconfigure the allocation of its total capital among a greater number of shares, making investment more inclusive.
Why bonus shares are issued
Bonus shares are issued by companies to increase the number of shares and reduce the price per share, making it more affordable for retail investors. When a company's profits increase substantially but the number of shares remains the same, the earnings per share and theoretical price per share also increases dramatically. To improve liquidity and allow more investors to participate, companies may issue bonus shares in a ratio such as 1:4, increasing the total shares from 100 to 500. This keeps the overall capital the same while reducing the earnings per share and price per share to a more accessible level for small investors.
Bonus shares vs. stock split
The document compares and contrasts bonus shares and stock splits. Bonus shares involve a company issuing new shares from reserves to existing shareholders, which increases the number of shares but keeps the total market capitalization the same. A stock split reduces the price per share by dividing existing shares into more shares, without changing the total market capitalization, in order to increase liquidity for investors. Both are positive for the market as they indicate a company's growth and profitability.
Ca ppt
This document provides information about corporate accounting, bonus shares, right shares, and compares the differences between bonus shares and right shares. It defines bonus shares as additional shares given to existing shareholders without cost based on current shareholding. Right shares are shares issued to existing shareholders for subscription. The document outlines the purpose of issuing bonus and right shares, such as rewarding investors and increasing liquidity. It also provides examples of companies that have issued right shares and bonus shares in 2016.
Green shoe option
The document discusses the green shoe option (GSO) process in an initial public offering (IPO). The key points are:
1) GSO allows underwriters to sell more shares than originally planned by borrowing additional shares, usually 15%, from existing shareholders like promoters.
2) If demand is high and the share price rises after listing, underwriters use borrowed shares to stabilize the price by purchasing shares in the market.
3) Over a maximum of 30 days, the underwriters work to stabilize fluctuations and return any unsold borrowed shares to the original shareholders, addressing any shortfalls through new share issuances.
Ies Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Business Plan
This document discusses rising living costs and the need for investment to meet family needs. It promotes investment in the stock market as the best way to earn high returns and secure the future. It outlines an educational program that teaches stock market fundamentals and strategies over 2 days for Rs. 5000, with lifetime support. Participants can then refer others and potentially earn Rs. 200,000 per month through the referral network. The goal is to educate more Indians on investing as the population grows and more enter the middle class.
A Killer Puzzle
The document discusses Kewal Kiran Clothing, an Indian apparel company known for its Killer Jeans brand. It notes the company has a strong balance sheet with no debt and high profitability, earning a 64% pre-tax return on net operating assets. The document examines the company's cash flows, earnings, dividend payments and value creation to validate its financial performance is real. It poses questions about Kewal Kiran's competitive advantages, growth potential, and how it compares to peers to pique the reader's curiosity about what makes the company uniquely profitable in the apparel industry.
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Why bonus shares are issued
Bonus shares are issued by companies to make shares more affordable for small investors. When a company's profits rise substantially, its share price rises accordingly. This price increase can make individual shares unaffordable for retail investors. By issuing bonus shares, which increase the total number of shares without changing the company's total capital, the earnings and price per share is reduced. This makes the shares more accessible to smaller investors and increases liquidity in the stock. Bonus shares allow the company to reconfigure the allocation of its total capital among a greater number of shares, making investment more inclusive.
Why bonus shares are issued
Bonus shares are issued by companies to increase the number of shares and reduce the price per share, making it more affordable for retail investors. When a company's profits increase substantially but the number of shares remains the same, the earnings per share and theoretical price per share also increases dramatically. To improve liquidity and allow more investors to participate, companies may issue bonus shares in a ratio such as 1:4, increasing the total shares from 100 to 500. This keeps the overall capital the same while reducing the earnings per share and price per share to a more accessible level for small investors.
Bonus shares vs. stock split
The document compares and contrasts bonus shares and stock splits. Bonus shares involve a company issuing new shares from reserves to existing shareholders, which increases the number of shares but keeps the total market capitalization the same. A stock split reduces the price per share by dividing existing shares into more shares, without changing the total market capitalization, in order to increase liquidity for investors. Both are positive for the market as they indicate a company's growth and profitability.
Ca ppt
This document provides information about corporate accounting, bonus shares, right shares, and compares the differences between bonus shares and right shares. It defines bonus shares as additional shares given to existing shareholders without cost based on current shareholding. Right shares are shares issued to existing shareholders for subscription. The document outlines the purpose of issuing bonus and right shares, such as rewarding investors and increasing liquidity. It also provides examples of companies that have issued right shares and bonus shares in 2016.
Green shoe option
The document discusses the green shoe option (GSO) process in an initial public offering (IPO). The key points are:
1) GSO allows underwriters to sell more shares than originally planned by borrowing additional shares, usually 15%, from existing shareholders like promoters.
2) If demand is high and the share price rises after listing, underwriters use borrowed shares to stabilize the price by purchasing shares in the market.
3) Over a maximum of 30 days, the underwriters work to stabilize fluctuations and return any unsold borrowed shares to the original shareholders, addressing any shortfalls through new share issuances.
Ies Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Business Plan
This document discusses rising living costs and the need for investment to meet family needs. It promotes investment in the stock market as the best way to earn high returns and secure the future. It outlines an educational program that teaches stock market fundamentals and strategies over 2 days for Rs. 5000, with lifetime support. Participants can then refer others and potentially earn Rs. 200,000 per month through the referral network. The goal is to educate more Indians on investing as the population grows and more enter the middle class.
A Killer Puzzle
The document discusses Kewal Kiran Clothing, an Indian apparel company known for its Killer Jeans brand. It notes the company has a strong balance sheet with no debt and high profitability, earning a 64% pre-tax return on net operating assets. The document examines the company's cash flows, earnings, dividend payments and value creation to validate its financial performance is real. It poses questions about Kewal Kiran's competitive advantages, growth potential, and how it compares to peers to pique the reader's curiosity about what makes the company uniquely profitable in the apparel industry.
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Employee Stock Option Scheme
ESOP is an Employee benefit Plan which makes the employees of a company owners of stock in that Company.
ESOP is a plan to compensate, retain and attract employees.
ESOP is a contract between a Company and its employees that give employees the right to buy a specific number of the company's shares at a fixed price within a certain period of time.
Relationships Between Stock Split and Bonus Issue of Shares& their pros and cons
A stock split is a corporate action that increases the number of the corporation's outstanding shares by dividing each share, which in turn diminishes its price. The stock's market capitalization, however, remains the same, just like the value of the Rs. 100 does not change if it is exchanged for two 50s. For example, with a 2-for-1 stock split, each stockholder receives an additional share for each share held, but the value of each share is reduced by half: two shares now equal the original value of one share before the split
Being an Employer
An employer is a person or firm that pays people to work for them. Employers have rights like setting up a business and employing suitable staff. They also have responsibilities like providing safe working conditions, paying agreed wages, and obeying employment laws. Employers must keep records of taxes deducted from employees' pay for reasons like promotions, dismissals, or Revenue inquiries. The document then outlines the typical procedure for employing staff which includes writing job descriptions, recruiting candidates, selecting employees, and issuing contracts. [END SUMMARY]
Esop
The document discusses employee stock option plans (ESOP). ESOPs allow employees to purchase company shares at a concessional price, earning a capital gain if the market price rises. The objectives of ESOPs are to reward performance, enhance retention, attract talent, reward loyalty, and create wealth for employees. ESOPs are offered to senior, middle, and junior employees at varying percentages. The process involves an HR department creating an option plan, employees accepting and later exercising the option, and shares being issued to the employee's account. To be eligible, an employee must be permanent and not own more than 10% of company shares. ESOPs operate through a trust funded by tax-deductible company contributions distributed
Ch 3 . intrerest and annutiy
- An EMI (equated monthly installment) is a fixed monthly payment made towards a loan consisting of both principal and interest.
- The EMI can be calculated using the formula P = x/i(1-(1+i)^-n) where P is principal, x is monthly installment, i is monthly interest rate, and n is number of payments.
- Examples show calculating EMI for loans over different time periods (1-5 years) and interest rates (5-12% per year) by plugging values into the EMI formula.
ESOP's
Employee stock option plans (ESOPs) allow employees to purchase company stock at a future date for a predetermined price. ESOPs are used as rewards for employee performance and motivation. There is typically a vesting period before employees can exercise their option to purchase shares. ESOPs give employees the option to buy company shares at a discounted price after a vesting period. How ESOPs are taxed depends on whether gains are considered perquisites or capital gains. The Companies Act of 2013 established regulations for ESOPs in unlisted companies regarding disclosure requirements. ESOPs have become an important way for companies to retain human capital and motivate employees through deferred compensation.
Price discovery in the stock market
Price discovery in the stock market occurs through changes in a company's earnings per share and investor demand for its shares. Mr. Pickle buys shares of a company with an earnings per share of Rs. 10 and P/E ratio of 10, meaning the share price is Rs. 100. When earnings per share rises to Rs. 100, the share price should rise to Rs. 1000 based on the unchanged P/E ratio. However, increased demand for the company's shares drives the P/E ratio up to 12, raising the share price further to Rs. 1200, allowing Mr. Pickle to profit from his investment. Thus, price discovery balances earnings data and shifting market sentiment over time.
Bonus shares vs stock splits
Bonus shares and stock splits both increase the number of a company's shares, but they differ in their purpose and impact on share price. Bonus shares are issued using a company's reserves and do not change the total market capitalization, causing the individual share price to decrease proportionally. Stock splits reduce the market price of each share to increase liquidity and allow smaller investors to purchase shares, also without changing the total market capitalization. Both actions are generally viewed positively by the market as indicators of a company's growth and performance.
Bonus Shares vs Stock Split
Bonus shares and stock splits both increase the number of a company's shares, but differ in their purpose and impact on share price. With bonus shares, a company issues new shares from reserves to capitalize profits without changing the total market value, lowering the price per share. A stock split reduces the market price of an expensive share by dividing each share into smaller units, allowing more investors to participate while keeping total market value the same. Both are seen positively by the market as indicators of a company's growth and share performance.
Bonus shares
Bonus shares are additional free shares given to existing shareholders based on the number of shares owned, representing a company's accumulated retained earnings. Companies issue bonus shares to increase liquidity and shareholder participation when earnings per share rise substantially. For example, a company with Rs. 10,000 profit and 100 shares has an earnings per share of Rs. 100. To lower the price per share for retail investors and improve liquidity, the company may declare a 1:4 bonus issue, increasing shares to 500. This lowers the price per share to Rs. 20 while maintaining the same total market value. Bonus shares are accounted for by transferring reserves to share capital.
Bonus shares vs. stock split.pptx
The document compares and contrasts bonus shares and stock splits. Bonus shares involve a company issuing new shares from reserves to existing shareholders, which increases the number of shares but keeps the total market capitalization the same. A stock split reduces the price per share by dividing existing shares into more shares, without changing the total market capitalization, to increase liquidity for investors. Both are seen positively by the market as they can indicate a company's growth and profitability.
Derivatives vs cash
Derivative trading involves betting on the future price movements of assets like stocks using only a fraction of the investment required to purchase the full assets. This allows for high gains with minimal upfront cost, but also high losses if the bet is incorrect. Specifically, investing in 10 shares of a Rs. 100 stock through derivatives requires only a 10% margin of Rs. 100, whereas purchasing the shares directly would cost Rs. 1000. If the stock price rises 10% to Rs. 110, the derivatives investor earns Rs. 100 or 100% return on their Rs. 100 investment compared to a 10% return purchasing the stock. However, a 10% price drop also leads to a full 100% loss of the Rs. 100 investment for
Stock Market for Beginners
Basics of stock market for novice.
DISCLAIMER:
I am NOT an investment advisor nor a financial advisor, and no information provided here is to be interpreted as a suggestion to buy or sell stocks.
Prof. simply simple derivatives vs cash
Derivative trading involves betting on the future price movements of assets like stocks using only a small margin amount. For example, with a Rs. 100 stock, you only need Rs. 10 margin to bet on price movements of 10 shares worth Rs. 1000 in total. This means derivative trading offers high gains but also high losses. If the stock price rises 10% to Rs. 120, you gain 100% returns on your Rs. 10 investment. However, if it falls 10% to Rs. 90, you lose your entire Rs. 10 investment. In contrast, spot market trading involves investing the full asset price, so gains and losses are lower. Derivative trading allows betting on groups of assets rather than single stocks.
Significance of yield in bond market
When equity markets rise, share prices and indexes like the Sensex are said to have gone up, showing a direct relationship. However, when bond markets are bullish and bond prices rise, yields are said to have gone down, showing an inverse relationship. This is because in a bullish bond market, issuers can raise capital at lower interest rates or yields as there is greater investor demand. Conversely, in a bullish stock market, companies' valuations and the main index rise as it is easier to raise capital by issuing shares at higher prices. The document seeks to explain this difference in terminology between equity and bond markets.
Understanding Earnings per Share
One of the most popular questions when it comes to buying a car is 'Kitna deti hai’? (What is the mileage of the car?)
Fuel efficiency of the car is calculated as the distance travelled per unit volume of fuel consumed. During heavy traffic the mileage of your car will be less as compared to empty roads. It all depends on the distance covered per litre of fuel consumed. Therefore, the distance travelled is a major factor defining the fuel efficiency of a car.
Better fuel efficiency would mean higher savings while poor fuel efficiency would mean higher expenses.
Here's a lesson on ‘Earnings Per Share’ that draws a similar analogy to fuel efficiency
Ies Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Business Plan
This document discusses rising living costs and the need for investment to meet family needs. It promotes investment in the stock market as the best vehicle to earn high returns over the long run and combat inflation. It uses the example of Wipro stock to show large gains from a small initial investment over 30 years through dividends and stock splits. The document advertises a 2-day stock market course for Rs. 5000 that provides lifetime support and a chance to earn Rs. 200,000 per month by referring others. It argues stock market education can create wealth and benefit the common man as India's population and economy grows.
Ies Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Business Plan
This document discusses rising living costs and the need for investment to meet family needs. It promotes investment in the stock market as the best way to earn high returns and secure one's future. It summarizes different investment options and their returns over 30 years. It then describes a 2-day stock market course for Rs. 5000 that provides lifetime support and a chance to earn Rs. 200,000 per month by referring others. The goal is to educate more Indians on investing in the stock market as the population grows.
Definition of a stock
- Stocks represent ownership in a company. Companies issue stock to raise money for growth in a process called equity financing, selling portions of the company. This allows companies to expand without taking on debt.
- Stock prices change based on supply and demand from investors. Prices rise when demand is high and fall when supply is high. Fundamentals like company earnings and future growth expectations also impact investor sentiment and demand.
- While no one can predict with certainty how stock prices will change, prices are generally volatile and can rise or fall rapidly based on investors' shifting expectations of company value.
Stock market
The document discusses investing in stocks and the stock market. It begins by listing some websites to research the stock market. It then discusses approaching investing in three parts - the amount you have personally, loans from banks, and finding partners to contribute remaining funds in exchange for shares. This allows founding a business listed on the stock market. It describes how a company works with an investment banker and government agencies to verify information and go public. The benefits of investing in stocks include owning part of a company and potential long-term growth outweighing other investments. Diversifying stocks reduces risk. Key factors in choosing stocks are their size, valuation, and geography. Stocks can be bought through brokerage accounts.
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2) Exercising the put and call option
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Employee Stock Option Scheme
ESOP is an Employee benefit Plan which makes the employees of a company owners of stock in that Company.
ESOP is a plan to compensate, retain and attract employees.
ESOP is a contract between a Company and its employees that give employees the right to buy a specific number of the company's shares at a fixed price within a certain period of time.
Relationships Between Stock Split and Bonus Issue of Shares& their pros and cons
A stock split is a corporate action that increases the number of the corporation's outstanding shares by dividing each share, which in turn diminishes its price. The stock's market capitalization, however, remains the same, just like the value of the Rs. 100 does not change if it is exchanged for two 50s. For example, with a 2-for-1 stock split, each stockholder receives an additional share for each share held, but the value of each share is reduced by half: two shares now equal the original value of one share before the split
Being an Employer
An employer is a person or firm that pays people to work for them. Employers have rights like setting up a business and employing suitable staff. They also have responsibilities like providing safe working conditions, paying agreed wages, and obeying employment laws. Employers must keep records of taxes deducted from employees' pay for reasons like promotions, dismissals, or Revenue inquiries. The document then outlines the typical procedure for employing staff which includes writing job descriptions, recruiting candidates, selecting employees, and issuing contracts. [END SUMMARY]
Esop
The document discusses employee stock option plans (ESOP). ESOPs allow employees to purchase company shares at a concessional price, earning a capital gain if the market price rises. The objectives of ESOPs are to reward performance, enhance retention, attract talent, reward loyalty, and create wealth for employees. ESOPs are offered to senior, middle, and junior employees at varying percentages. The process involves an HR department creating an option plan, employees accepting and later exercising the option, and shares being issued to the employee's account. To be eligible, an employee must be permanent and not own more than 10% of company shares. ESOPs operate through a trust funded by tax-deductible company contributions distributed
Ch 3 . intrerest and annutiy
- An EMI (equated monthly installment) is a fixed monthly payment made towards a loan consisting of both principal and interest.
- The EMI can be calculated using the formula P = x/i(1-(1+i)^-n) where P is principal, x is monthly installment, i is monthly interest rate, and n is number of payments.
- Examples show calculating EMI for loans over different time periods (1-5 years) and interest rates (5-12% per year) by plugging values into the EMI formula.
ESOP's
Employee stock option plans (ESOPs) allow employees to purchase company stock at a future date for a predetermined price. ESOPs are used as rewards for employee performance and motivation. There is typically a vesting period before employees can exercise their option to purchase shares. ESOPs give employees the option to buy company shares at a discounted price after a vesting period. How ESOPs are taxed depends on whether gains are considered perquisites or capital gains. The Companies Act of 2013 established regulations for ESOPs in unlisted companies regarding disclosure requirements. ESOPs have become an important way for companies to retain human capital and motivate employees through deferred compensation.
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Relationships Between Stock Split and Bonus Issue of Shares& their pros and cons
Relationships Between Stock Split and Bonus Issue of Shares& their pros and cons
Similar to Bonus Shares
Price discovery in the stock market
Price discovery in the stock market occurs through changes in a company's earnings per share and investor demand for its shares. Mr. Pickle buys shares of a company with an earnings per share of Rs. 10 and P/E ratio of 10, meaning the share price is Rs. 100. When earnings per share rises to Rs. 100, the share price should rise to Rs. 1000 based on the unchanged P/E ratio. However, increased demand for the company's shares drives the P/E ratio up to 12, raising the share price further to Rs. 1200, allowing Mr. Pickle to profit from his investment. Thus, price discovery balances earnings data and shifting market sentiment over time.
Bonus shares vs stock splits
Bonus shares and stock splits both increase the number of a company's shares, but they differ in their purpose and impact on share price. Bonus shares are issued using a company's reserves and do not change the total market capitalization, causing the individual share price to decrease proportionally. Stock splits reduce the market price of each share to increase liquidity and allow smaller investors to purchase shares, also without changing the total market capitalization. Both actions are generally viewed positively by the market as indicators of a company's growth and performance.
Bonus Shares vs Stock Split
Bonus shares and stock splits both increase the number of a company's shares, but differ in their purpose and impact on share price. With bonus shares, a company issues new shares from reserves to capitalize profits without changing the total market value, lowering the price per share. A stock split reduces the market price of an expensive share by dividing each share into smaller units, allowing more investors to participate while keeping total market value the same. Both are seen positively by the market as indicators of a company's growth and share performance.
Bonus shares
Bonus shares are additional free shares given to existing shareholders based on the number of shares owned, representing a company's accumulated retained earnings. Companies issue bonus shares to increase liquidity and shareholder participation when earnings per share rise substantially. For example, a company with Rs. 10,000 profit and 100 shares has an earnings per share of Rs. 100. To lower the price per share for retail investors and improve liquidity, the company may declare a 1:4 bonus issue, increasing shares to 500. This lowers the price per share to Rs. 20 while maintaining the same total market value. Bonus shares are accounted for by transferring reserves to share capital.
Bonus shares vs. stock split.pptx
The document compares and contrasts bonus shares and stock splits. Bonus shares involve a company issuing new shares from reserves to existing shareholders, which increases the number of shares but keeps the total market capitalization the same. A stock split reduces the price per share by dividing existing shares into more shares, without changing the total market capitalization, to increase liquidity for investors. Both are seen positively by the market as they can indicate a company's growth and profitability.
Derivatives vs cash
Derivative trading involves betting on the future price movements of assets like stocks using only a fraction of the investment required to purchase the full assets. This allows for high gains with minimal upfront cost, but also high losses if the bet is incorrect. Specifically, investing in 10 shares of a Rs. 100 stock through derivatives requires only a 10% margin of Rs. 100, whereas purchasing the shares directly would cost Rs. 1000. If the stock price rises 10% to Rs. 110, the derivatives investor earns Rs. 100 or 100% return on their Rs. 100 investment compared to a 10% return purchasing the stock. However, a 10% price drop also leads to a full 100% loss of the Rs. 100 investment for
Stock Market for Beginners
Basics of stock market for novice.
DISCLAIMER:
I am NOT an investment advisor nor a financial advisor, and no information provided here is to be interpreted as a suggestion to buy or sell stocks.
Prof. simply simple derivatives vs cash
Derivative trading involves betting on the future price movements of assets like stocks using only a small margin amount. For example, with a Rs. 100 stock, you only need Rs. 10 margin to bet on price movements of 10 shares worth Rs. 1000 in total. This means derivative trading offers high gains but also high losses. If the stock price rises 10% to Rs. 120, you gain 100% returns on your Rs. 10 investment. However, if it falls 10% to Rs. 90, you lose your entire Rs. 10 investment. In contrast, spot market trading involves investing the full asset price, so gains and losses are lower. Derivative trading allows betting on groups of assets rather than single stocks.
Significance of yield in bond market
When equity markets rise, share prices and indexes like the Sensex are said to have gone up, showing a direct relationship. However, when bond markets are bullish and bond prices rise, yields are said to have gone down, showing an inverse relationship. This is because in a bullish bond market, issuers can raise capital at lower interest rates or yields as there is greater investor demand. Conversely, in a bullish stock market, companies' valuations and the main index rise as it is easier to raise capital by issuing shares at higher prices. The document seeks to explain this difference in terminology between equity and bond markets.
Understanding Earnings per Share
One of the most popular questions when it comes to buying a car is 'Kitna deti hai’? (What is the mileage of the car?)
Fuel efficiency of the car is calculated as the distance travelled per unit volume of fuel consumed. During heavy traffic the mileage of your car will be less as compared to empty roads. It all depends on the distance covered per litre of fuel consumed. Therefore, the distance travelled is a major factor defining the fuel efficiency of a car.
Better fuel efficiency would mean higher savings while poor fuel efficiency would mean higher expenses.
Here's a lesson on ‘Earnings Per Share’ that draws a similar analogy to fuel efficiency
Ies Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Business Plan
This document discusses rising living costs and the need for investment to meet family needs. It promotes investment in the stock market as the best vehicle to earn high returns over the long run and combat inflation. It uses the example of Wipro stock to show large gains from a small initial investment over 30 years through dividends and stock splits. The document advertises a 2-day stock market course for Rs. 5000 that provides lifetime support and a chance to earn Rs. 200,000 per month by referring others. It argues stock market education can create wealth and benefit the common man as India's population and economy grows.
Ies Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Business Plan
This document discusses rising living costs and the need for investment to meet family needs. It promotes investment in the stock market as the best way to earn high returns and secure one's future. It summarizes different investment options and their returns over 30 years. It then describes a 2-day stock market course for Rs. 5000 that provides lifetime support and a chance to earn Rs. 200,000 per month by referring others. The goal is to educate more Indians on investing in the stock market as the population grows.
Definition of a stock
- Stocks represent ownership in a company. Companies issue stock to raise money for growth in a process called equity financing, selling portions of the company. This allows companies to expand without taking on debt.
- Stock prices change based on supply and demand from investors. Prices rise when demand is high and fall when supply is high. Fundamentals like company earnings and future growth expectations also impact investor sentiment and demand.
- While no one can predict with certainty how stock prices will change, prices are generally volatile and can rise or fall rapidly based on investors' shifting expectations of company value.
Stock market
The document discusses investing in stocks and the stock market. It begins by listing some websites to research the stock market. It then discusses approaching investing in three parts - the amount you have personally, loans from banks, and finding partners to contribute remaining funds in exchange for shares. This allows founding a business listed on the stock market. It describes how a company works with an investment banker and government agencies to verify information and go public. The benefits of investing in stocks include owning part of a company and potential long-term growth outweighing other investments. Diversifying stocks reduces risk. Key factors in choosing stocks are their size, valuation, and geography. Stocks can be bought through brokerage accounts.
Investing in philippine stock market for beginners - a quick start for Filip...
Investing in philippine stock market for beginners - a quick start for Filipino (Pinoy) investors:
Excerpt:
Stocks are simply shares of ownership in a
corporation. Thus anyone owning stocks or shares of
a company is called the company’s shareholder or
stockholder. Being a part-owner, you partake in the
performance, growth, earnings and profits, as well as
losses, of these companies.
The stock market is the place where people
converge to buy and sell shares or stocks through an
authorized stockbroker. That means once you have
your broker and enough money to buy stocks, you
can readily start investing in the stock market and
brand yourself as a noble shareholder of giant
fantastic companies.
In the Philippines, the Philippine stock market is the
place where you can invest in Philippine Stock
Exchange (PSE) - listed companies. And only those
people or firms accredited by PSE as authorized
brokers can participate directly in trading and putting
buy or sell orders.
Why Invest? To make your hard-earned money
work even harder for you
Investing enables one’s savings to grow or
appreciate to achieve various
long term financial goals. It is
said to be the most effective
way of building personal
wealth and attaining future
financial
security
for
oneself. It also safeguards
one’s capital against
inflation which erodes
the purchasing power
of your money if it’s not
invested.
Why stock market?
Because history says
so!
The fact is that stock
market is not the only
type of investment present
in the capital market. But history has proven that
nvesting in the stock market over the long-term has
outperformed all fixed-income instruments, plus it
offers good protection against inflation. The market
undeniably continuously experiences highs and lows,
dumps and trumps, and blows and dips, but these
short-term pictures are just tiny pixels compared to
the general uptrend portrait recognized in the long
run.
Who can invest? Everyone can!
Anyone can invest in the stock market. It is a readily
available choice of financial vehicle for those who
want to make their hard-earned money work even
harder for them. Millionaires or not, everyone can
earn in the same battle field.
Everyone motivated can do it.
When should you invest? When you’re ready!
That’s when you have money you won’t need for
your basic expenses, which you would otherwise put
in a bank. It’s better if it’s made available in a longer
time as it allows the investment to ride through the
Preview art of stock investing indian stock market
Art of Stock Investing - Indian Stock Market
Leverage on great companies, churning more and more profits every year
Dividend yield ratio
1) The document discusses dividend yield, which is a ratio that indicates the percentage return an investor can expect from dividends based on the current market price of a share.
2) Companies with high dividend yields often have poor growth prospects and do not reinvest enough earnings into future growth.
3) High growth companies usually pay lower dividends initially but offer greater capital appreciation and higher future dividends as their businesses expand.
4) Investors are generally better off focusing on capital appreciation rather than current dividends to achieve higher total returns over the long run.
Stock market
Stocks represent units of ownership in a company. When you purchase stocks, you become a partial owner of the company and are entitled to potential dividends and voting rights. Stocks can provide high returns through price appreciation, but they also carry high risks since prices can fall and dividends are not guaranteed. A stock market is where buyers and sellers of stocks can exchange ownership of stocks for money.
Stock market
Stocks represent partial ownership in a company. When you purchase stocks, you become a partial owner of the business and are entitled to vote and receive dividends. There are two main types of stock markets - the primary market where companies first issue stock, and the secondary market where existing stocks are traded. Stock prices fluctuate based on supply and demand, and various company and market factors can influence prices. Investing in stocks provides an opportunity for high returns but also carries high risks since prices can fall significantly.
Key Terms To Stock Market
Short SellingIt would not be useful for investors using the. in case you're fascinated with SITE TOP...
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Budget 2018-19 Highlights
The budget aims to balance stimulating growth while maintaining fiscal sustainability. It focuses on boosting investment in agriculture, infrastructure, and employment while reducing the fiscal deficit. Key areas include doubling farmers' incomes, increasing education and healthcare spending, expanding credit to MSMEs, and increasing infrastructure investment. The budget also cuts corporate taxes for MSMEs and introduces long-term capital gains tax. Markets reacted negatively to the higher than expected fiscal deficit and inflation risks from higher MSPs, but the impact is seen as incremental.
Your Pay Cheque has nothing to do with your retirement savings
Small savings and investments help in accumulating for your Retirement corpus. Investing in equity mutual funds will help your money grow faster. START Investing early and STAY INVESTED in equity investments for a long time to gain the power of compounding.
Why your PF is not enough for Retirement
As our expenses increase, Retirement expenses also will be higher than we think. It is never too late to Start Investing for your Retirement Expenses. A Provident Fund will save, but don't rely only on a Provident Fund investment. Diversify your money into different Investment avenues, like a Mutual Fund which helps to bridge the savings gap.
8 Things that Influence your Asset Allocation
8 factors Influencing your Asset Allocation - such as Risk appetite of an individual, Returns expectancy, Horizon of your investments, Starting early, Regulating your expenses, Cutting down on your liabilities, etc.
6 Reasons why Asset Allocation Helps meet Future Needs
An Asset Allocation helps in providing the right investment mix, takes care of Volatility, Assists in your saving needs while enjoying the benefits of staying invested for the right amount of time.
Budget Highlights - A Fiscally Prudent Budget
The budget maintains the fiscal deficit target of 3.5% for FY17 and pegs it at 3% for FY18-19. Nominal GDP growth is pegged at 11% and gross tax revenues are budgeted to increase by 12%, while net tax revenues are budgeted to increase by 11%. Proceeds from disinvestments are pegged at Rs. 56,500 crore compared to Rs. 25,300 crore last year. Adhering to the fiscal consolidation plan raises the government's fiscal credibility and is expected to lead the RBI to cut rates by 25-50 basis points. However, higher supply of long-dated bonds could steepen the yield curve.
CIO Newsletter - Jan 2016
Global foreign exchange reserves declined significantly in 2015 due to depletion by central banks and asset sales by sovereign wealth funds dependent on energy exports as oil prices fell. This decline reduced global liquidity and could squeeze dollar funding. Many high-yield bond funds also faced volatility and redemptions as investors turned risk-averse, with some funds shutting down. Key factors to watch in 2016 that will impact global economic health and liquidity are the US dollar, China's economy, and crude oil prices.
Tata Tax Saving Fund - Mutual Fund Insight Review
This document provides an analysis of the Tata Tax Saving Fund mutual fund. It highlights that while the fund's year-to-year returns have been erratic, it has a solid long-term record, with returns of nearly 21% annually over its 19-year history. The fund follows a growth-at-a-reasonable-price strategy, investing in high-quality businesses with strong growth potential. While it historically focused on large caps, it has recently increased its exposure to small caps. The document concludes the fund is suitable for those seeking above-benchmark returns without high volatility over the long run.
Understanding e-wallet
Till about a decade ago, we stood in long queues to withdraw cash from a bank and then waited painfully in other queues to pay our utility bills.
With the advent of credit and debit cards many of our cash related problems got simpler. The internet allowed us to pay bills at the click of a button.
Today there is a big buzz around ‘e-wallet’ and talk of the death of cash payment. Now it is possible to leave your wallet at home and get through a typical day with the help of a digital wallet, thanks to the revolutionary technologies we are seeing as we advance to a cashless world.
Today’s lesson by Prof. Simply Simple attempts to explain you the concept of ‘e-wallet’.
Understanding Greece Crisis
We all know Greece is in deep trouble after defaulting on its debt to the International Monetary Fund. Many Greeks blame the austerity measures for much of the country’s continuing problems. The leftist Syriza party rode to power this year promising to renegotiate the bailout.
The Greek economy is shrinking. At such times one of the tools available with government is to tinker with the currency. Unfortunately the Greeks cannot do so because they share their currency with other nations of the EURO region.
Today’s lesson by Prof. Simply Simple attempts to explain you the story of ‘Greece Crisis’ using an interesting analogy.
Tata Dynamic Bond Fund - Timing It Right
Mutual Fund Insight Review: With bond prices turning out to be almost as unpredictable as stocks, making the right forecasts on interest rate direction has been quite a difficult task. But this fund has managed it well, earning its good returns mainly through rightly timed duration calls on its portfolio.
Fund Pick: Tata Balanced Mutual Fund - CRISIL Research
High-performing stocks boost returns - A review of Tata Balanced Fund from the research carried out by CRISIL.
Fund Focus: Tata Ethical Fund
The document summarizes an interview with Pradeep Gokhale, Senior Fund Manager of Tata Ethical Fund, about the fund. The Tata Ethical Fund is a Sharia-compliant fund that invests only in stocks selected by Dar-al-Sharia that meet Islamic finance principles. It excludes companies in banking, alcohol, tobacco, and those with high debt levels or interest income. The fund has consistently outperformed peers over market cycles due to its focus on high-quality companies with strong earnings growth and low debt.
CIO Newsletter - Third Edtion
We are pleased to share the third edition of the CIO Newsletter.
As usual the focus is on themes that could affect our investors and try to address them in an easy-to-understand manner.
Your feedback and suggestions are much appreciated and we have tried to incorporate some of them in this newsletter.
We hope you find the newsletter interesting.
Call money
Let me narrate an interesting analogy to you all today.
On a lazy Sunday night you and your family are relaxing on a couch watching your favorite TV show.
Suddenly, someone rings your door bell. You open the door and it’s your long distance relatives who have made a surprise visit.
While you can’t show your displeasure but you still welcome them and offer a cup of tea or coffee. However, your wife whispers to you that there is no milk at home and all the neighborhood shops would be closed.
So, now you are left with no option but knock your neighbor’s door to borrow some milk for your guests with an intention to return it next day once the shop reopens.
At least your friendly neighbor becomes your savior and saves you from embarrassment.
Today’s lesson by Prof. Simply Simple TM attempts to simplify the concept of ‘Call Money’ for you.
Read the attached PPT lesson for more understanding.
Look forward to your valuable feedback at professor@tataamc.com
How A Prof & A Potato Are Selling Units And Tractors
This news article appeared in Business Line newspapers on 4th December, 2014.
Understanding Cyclical Stocks
As individual we all experience ups and downs in our personal and professional life. Sometimes even an emotional roller coaster ride that you can't quite imagine.
But the ones who show resilience and patience are the ones who can overcome with flying colours.
In the same way, as the economy goes through numerous ups and downs so does some companies and sectors. These companies who move in tandem to business cycles (expansion or recession) are termed as cyclical stocks.
Today’s lesson by Prof. Simply Simple TM attempts to simplify the term cyclical stocks for you.
Look forward to your valuable feedback at professor@tataamc.com
Tata Balanced Fund - Review by the Hindu Business Line
With overheated stock markets, a measure of debt can help balance out the equity risk. Equity-oriented balanced funds serve this purpose, and among the top in this category is the Tata Balanced Fund.
Tata Pure Equity Fund - Mutual Fund Insight Magazine
With predictability as its middle name; Tata Pure Equity has been consistently rated between 3 and 4 star in the Value Research ratings for the last ten years. The fund has outperformed the benchmark almost every year in the last decade, that too with a low risk score.
CIO Newsletter - Second Edition
The fundamental theme of the newsletter remains the same -- to dive deeper into economic issues that affect our investors. However to keep it interesting, the analysis has been kept at a macro level without getting into minute details.
We received encouraging feedback on the inaugural issue and we have used the same to improve this edition.
We hope you find the newsletter interesting.
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Your Pay Cheque has nothing to do with your retirement savings
Your Pay Cheque has nothing to do with your retirement savings
6 Reasons why Asset Allocation Helps meet Future Needs
6 Reasons why Asset Allocation Helps meet Future Needs
Fund Pick: Tata Balanced Mutual Fund - CRISIL Research
Fund Pick: Tata Balanced Mutual Fund - CRISIL Research
How A Prof & A Potato Are Selling Units And Tractors
How A Prof & A Potato Are Selling Units And Tractors
Tata Balanced Fund - Review by the Hindu Business Line
Tata Balanced Fund - Review by the Hindu Business Line
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
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The Impact of the 2024 Indian
Election Beyond Borders
01. Investment Gyan
02. Market Update
03. Inspiration investment story
How to Use Payment Vouchers in Odoo 18.
Every business, big or small, deals with outgoing payments. Whether it’s to suppliers for inventory, to employees for salaries, or to vendors for services rendered, keeping track of these expenses is crucial. This is where payment vouchers come in – the unsung heroes of the accounting world.
一比一原版(RMIT毕业证)皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证如何办理
RMIT硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】《皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证书》《QQ微信95270640》学位证书电子版：在线制作皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证成绩单GPA修改（制作RMIT毕业证成绩单RMIT文凭证书样本）、皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证书与成绩单样本图片、《RMIT学历证书学位证书》、皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证案例毕业证书制作軟體、在线制作加拿大硕士学历证书真实可查.
【本科硕士】皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单（GPA修改）；学历认证（教育部认证）；大学Offer录取通知书留信认证使馆认证；雅思语言证书等高仿类证书。
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真实网上可查的证明材料
1教育部学历学位认证留服官网真实存档可查永久存档。
2留学回国人员证明（使馆认证）使馆网站真实存档可查。
我们对海外大学及学院的毕业证成绩单所使用的材料尺寸大小防伪结构（包括：皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单隐形水印阴影底纹钢印LOGO烫金烫银LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕激光镭射紫外荧光温感复印防伪）都有原版本文凭对照。质量得到了广大海外客户群体的认可同时和海外学校留学中介做到与时俱进及时掌握各大院校的（毕业证成绩单资格证结业证录取通知书在读证明等相关材料）的版本更新信息能够在第一时间掌握最新的海外学历文凭的样版尺寸大小纸张材质防伪技术等等并在第一时间收集到原版实物以求达到客户的需求。
本公司还可以按照客户原版印刷制作且能够达到客户理想的要求。有需要办理证件的客户请联系我们在线客服中心微信：95270640 或咨询在线父亲的家很狭小除了一张单人床和一张小方桌几乎没有多余的空间山娃一下子就联想起学校的男小便处山娃很想笑却怎么也笑不出来山娃很迷惑父亲的家除了一扇小铁门连窗户也没有墓穴一般阴森森有些骇人父亲的城也便成了山娃的城父亲的家也便成了山娃的家父亲让山娃呆在屋里做作业看电视最多只能在门口透透气不能跟陌生人搭腔更不能乱跑一怕迷路二怕拐子拐人山娃很惊惧去年村里的田鸡就因为跟父亲进城一不小心被人拐跑了至今不见踪影害不
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
澳洲RMIT毕业证书制作RMIT假文凭定制Q微168899991做RMIT留信网教留服认证海牙认证改RMIT成绩单GPA做RMIT假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证申请墨尔本皇家理工大学RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
Our presentation delves into Dogecoin's potential future, exploring whether it's destined to skyrocket to the moon or face a downward spiral. In addition, it highlights invaluable insights. Don't miss out on this opportunity to enhance your crypto understanding!
https://36crypto.com/the-future-of-dogecoin-how-high-can-this-cryptocurrency-reach/
在线办理(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
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Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdf
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
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Bonus Shares
- 1. Why Are Bonus Shares Issued? – By Prof. Simply Simple TM We all know that bonus shares exist. But why are they issued in the first place? Let me try & simplify this for you…
- 2. • Let’s say a company makes Rs 1000 as profit •Now suppose the company has 100 shares •Then earning per share is profit/no. of shares = Rs. 1000/100 = Rs. 10
- 3. Suppose there is a surge in the demand for company’s product causing its profits to go up from Rs 1,000 to Rs 10,000!
- 4. One should observe is that while the profit went up from Rs 1000 to Rs 10,000 the number of shares remains the same at 100. Hence, by definition, earnings per share would be 100.
- 5. Now, as we know that Market Price = EPS x P/E If we were to assume a P/E of 10, the price per share would become Rs 1000…
- 6. At a price of Rs 1000, it would be very difficult to expect retail participation because any investor would need a minimum of Rs 1000 to purchase a single stock!
- 7. But that’s quite a large amount. Say, an investor has only Rs 500 but wants to invest in this company. What does he do?? Despite having the desire to buy the stock, he will not be able to participate for want of money.
- 8. It, therefore, becomes essential for the company to increase the number of shares, so that the price per share is within the reach of retail participants.
- 9. Let’s say the company declares a 1:4 bonus which essentially means that for every 1 share you get an additional 4 shares. So, in effect, you get a total of 5 shares…
- 10. This would increase the total number of shares from 100 to 500!
- 11. The earnings per share would now become EPS = Total Earnings/No. of Shares (or) Rs (10,000/500 = Rs 20)
- 12. And that would bring down the price per share from an unaffordable Rs 1000 to a more amenable Rs 200 (EPS x P/E = 20 x 10)
- 13. So in other words 100 shares x 1000 = Rs 10,000 is reconfigured as 500 shares x 200 = Rs 10,000.
- 14. This division of shares thus increases retail participation and hence liquidity to the stock, making it easily tradable as more buyers and sellers are able to participate because of a lower unit value per share. And our friend is also in a better position & can buy at least two shares with his Rs 500 (2 x 200 = 400) & he will be left with Rs 100.
- 15. Thus we have seen how and why ‘Bonus Shares’ are issued in the stock market. Also we have understood that the overall capital remains the same even if bonus shares are declared.
- 16. The only reason if at all for the stock price to go up would be because sentiments might turn positive by the news of bonus as it indicates that the company has earned good profit and hence could continue to do so and thereby attracting new investors and taking the price higher!
- 17. I will be glad to receive your feedback on this lesson to understand if there any gaps. Your feedback will help me improve my lessons going forward. Also if you wish to demystify any other concepts, do write to me about them. Please send your feedback to professor@tataamc.com
- 18. Disclaimer The views expressed in these lessons are for information purposes only and do not construe to be of any investment, legal or taxation advice. The contents are topical in nature & held true at the time of creation of the lesson. They are not indicative of future market trends, nor is Tata Asset Management Ltd. attempting to predict the same. Reprinting any part of this presentation will be at your own risk and Tata Asset Management Ltd. will not be liable for the consequences of any such action. Mutual Fund investments are subject to market risks, read all scheme related documents carefully.