3. Ionic Bonding is due to: Ionization Energy (IE) Electronegativity (EN) * Metals have relatively low IEs * Nonmetals have relatively high ENs so . . . Ionic bonding will occur between . . . Metals and Nonmetals
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6. Writing Ionic Formulas 1 – Determine oxidation number the + or – charge of the ion 2 – Determine the ratio of ions necessary to make the sum of the charges equal to zero 3 – Insert subscripts to indicate the ratio of ions
7. Writing Formulas w/Transition Metals Most transition metals have more than one oxidation state Roman numerals in parentheses indicate the oxidation number Example : Fe 2+ iron (II) Fe 3+ iron (III)
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10. Naming Ionic Compounds 1 – Name the cation first and the anion second 2 – monoatomic cations use the element name 3 – monoatomic anions take their name with –ide for the ending 4 – Transition metals must use Roman numerals to indicate oxidation number 5 – If the compound contains a polyatomic ion, simply name the ion
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19. ions free to move in metallic bonding ionic bonds are rigid crystals
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27. mass of element X 100 = percent by mass mass of compound 16.00 g O X 100 = 88.8 % O 18.02 g H 2 O NOTE : If H 2 O is: 11.2 % hydrogen by mass, it should be 88.8 % oxygen by mass.
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