1. Opportunities and Challenges

2. Democratic History 1951 Transitional Democracy (first public school) 1991 Democracy reinstated (constitutional monarchy) 1996 People’s War (Maoist insurgency) 1959 Multiparty Democracy May 2010 The new constitution May 2008 Democratic Republic 2006 Peace Accord 1960 Monarchy 1999 Local Self Governance Act (LGSA)

7. Addressing Diversity and the Issue of Discrimination

8. Diversity in Nepal: Religion

9. Diversity in Nepal: Language

10. Diversity in Nepal: Ethnicity

11. The Issue of Discrimination

12. The cause of Discrimination in Nepal 1. Centralized System : Kathmandu focused system 2. Disparity in Opportunities : Cumulative disadvantage 3. Power centralized on Elite Group 4. Cultural differences / Lack of Appreciation : Hinduism dominates Untouchability persists

14. Rights

19. Federalism

23. Evaluation of Maoist Model (old) * Per Capita Income expressed as percentage relative to the national average Provinces Population (%) PCI (%) * Revenue Share (%) Prominent Ethnicities (%) Kirat 9 84 0.6 Khas-27, Rai-21, Limbu-12, Tamang-7 Madhes 39 95 45.7 Maithali-31, Bhojpuri-22, Khas-12, Tharu-8 Tamsaling 11 100 3.3 Tamang-31, Khas-31, Newar-9, Magar-6 Newa 7 224 45.6 Khas-36, Newar-35, Tamang-9, Magar-3 Tamuwan 7 105 1.3 Khas-37, Gurung-17, Magar-12, Newar-5 Magarat 9 74 0.4 Khas-41, Magar-28, Newar-2, Gurung-1 Tharuwan 10 90 2.9 Tharu-35, Khas-28, Awadi-9, Magar-4 Bheri-Karnali 4 71 0.1 Khas-38, Magar-10, Gurung-1 Seti-Karnali 4 72 0.1 Khas-67, Magar-1

24. Evaluation of model proposed by Surendra R Devkota and Shiva Gautam Provinces Population (%) GDP (%) PCI (%) Revenue Share (%) Prominent Ethnicities (%) Koshi 34 29 84 12 Maithali (34) Khas (17) Rai (7) Tamang (5) Gandaki 36 38 104 40 Khas (26) Maithali (21) Bhojpuri (10) Tamang (8) Karnali 23 17 78 3 Khas (41) Tharu (15) Magar (8) Awadi (4) Kathmandu 7 16 224 45 Khas (36) Newar (35) Tamang (9) Magar (3)

25. Evaluation of model proposed by K. B. Gurung Provinces Population (%) GDP (%) PCI (%) Revenue Share (%) Prominent Ethnicities (%) Limbuwan 3 3 89 0.2 Limbu-30, Khas-27, Rai-14, Tamang-6 Khumbuwan 6 5 81 0.4 Khas-29, Rai-25, Magar-8, Tamang-7 Maithali-Tharu 29 27 92 36.4 Maithali-41, Bhojpuri-20, Khas-9, Tharu-6 Tamsaling 10 10 100 3.3 Tamang-31, Khas-31, Newar-9, Magar-6 Newa 7 16 224 45.6 Khas-36, Newar-35, Tamang-9, Magar-3 Tamu 4 4 113 1.1 Khas-36, Gurung-23, Newar-6, Tamang-3 Magarat 10 8 82 0.5 Khas-41, Magar-29, Gurung-4, Newar-3 Tharu-Bhojpuri 10 10 105 9.4 Bhojpuri-24, Khas-21, Awadi-16, Tharu-13 Paschim Khasan 6 4 70 0.2 Khas-39, Magar-11, Gurung-1 Tharuwan 10 9 90 2.9 Tharu-34, Khas-28, Awadi-9, Magar-4 Sudur-Paschim Khasan 5 4 72 0.1 Khas-67, Magar-1

28. Decentralization

32. Democratic History 1951 Transitional Democracy (first public school) 1991 Democracy reinstated (constitutional monarchy) 1996 People’s War (Maoist insurgency) 1959 Multiparty Democracy May 2010 The new constitution May 2008 Democratic Republic 2006 Peace Accord 1960 Monarchy 1999 Local Self Governance Act (LGSA)

33. Current Structure Center 58 Municipalities 3913 Village Development Committee 9 Wards/VDC 75 District Development Committees 9 Wards/Municipality

34. Constituent Assembly Committees Constitutional Committee 1 1. Constitutional Committee Thematic Committees 10 2. Committee on Preservation of the National Interest 3. Committee to Decide the Form of the Legislative Body 4. Committee to Decide on the Basis for Cultural and Social Commitments 5. Committee on the Division of Natural Resources, Financial Rights and Public Revenue 6. Committee to Decide on the Structure of the Constitutional Bodies 7. Committee on the Judicial System 8. Committee to Determine Forms of the Governance of State 9. Committee on Restructuring the State and Distribution of State Power 10. Committee on the Protection of the Rights of Minorities and Marginalized Communities 11. Committee on Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles Procedural Committees 3 12. Committee on Citizens Relations 13. Committee on Public Opinion Collection and Coordination 14. Committee on Capacity Building and Resource Management

36. Constitution – a reality check! Proposed time line: - First draft of the constitution to be sent out for public review: April 16th, 2010 - Review and feedback collection for three weeks - Final draft to be discusses, amended and passed by the house: May 21 st , 2010 and to be promulgated on May 28 th, 2010 - So far only three committees have submitted their final draft Interim Constitution 2007 : The term of the Constitution Assembly can be extended for six month (looks very likely)

37. Discussion Questions

38. Opportunities and Challenges