• The oesophagusis a muscular tube, typically
25 cm long, which connects the pharynx to
the stomach.
• It begins cricoid cartilage and the sixth cervical
vertebra then passes through the diaphragm,
level with the tenth thoracic vertebra
• It ends at the gastric cardiac orifice level with
the eleventh thoracic vertebra.
3.
Divisions and constrictions
•The cervical esophagus
• The thoracic esophagus
• The Abdominal esophagus
Constrictions
At its beginning (15 cm from the incisor teeth)
where it’s crossed by ;
the aortic arch (22.5)
left principal bronchus (27.5 cm)
As it passes through the diaphragm(40 cm from the
incisors).
Blood supply
• Thecervical esophagus is supplied by the
inferior thyroid artery .
• The thoracic esophagus is supplied by
bronchial and esophageal branches of the
thoracic aorta.
• the left phrenic and left gastric arteries.
7.
Venous Drainage
• InferiorThyroid Vein
• Azygous, Hemiazygous, intercostal and
bronchial veins
• Left Gastric
8.
Lymphatic Drainage
• Efferentvessels from the cervical oesophagus
drain to the deep cervical nodes either directly
or through the paratracheal nodes. Vessels
from the thoracic oesophagus drain to the
posterior mediastinal nodes
• Vessels from the abdominal oesophagus drain
to the left gastric lymph nodes.
• Some may pass directly to the thoracic duct.
9.
Nerve supply
• Theupper oesophagus recurrent laryngeal
nerve branches and sympathetic fibres.
• The lower oesophagus is supplied by the
esophageal plexus
• Vasomotor sympathetic fibres from the upper
four to six thoracic spinal cord segments
10.
THE STOMACH
• Thestomach is the widest part of the alimentary tract .It
lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum.
• It is situated in the upper abdomen, extending from the
left upper quadrant downwards, forwards and to the
right,
• It lies in the left hypochondriac, epigastric and umbilical
areas.
• The mean capacity of the stomach increases from
approximately 30 ml at birth, to 1000 ml at puberty, and
approximately 1500 ml in adults.
COELIAC TRACT
• Thecoeliac trunk is the first anterior branch and
arises just below the aortic hiatus at the level of
T12/L1 vertebral bodies.
• It is 1.5–2 cm long and passes almost horizontally
forwards and slightly right above the pancreas and
splenic vein.
• It divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and
splenic arteries. The coeliac trunk may also give off
one or both of the inferior phrenic arteries.
17.
RELATIONS
• Anterior: thelesser sac.
• On the right: the right coeliac ganglion, right
crus of the diaphragm and the caudate lobe of
the liver.
• To the left; the left coeliac ganglion, left crus of
the diaphragm and the cardiac end of the
stomach.
• Inferior; The body of the pancreas and the
splenic vein
