BMAL501
Summation Assignment Instructions
Overview
The Summation Assignment tests the student’s ability to look at three groups; leadership, management, and followership, and how these three groups’ collaboration efforts are affected in their place of employment or have been affected in one of their previous places of employment.
The assignment will also allow students to reflect on how stress/burnout and replenishment have affected their leadership in the past or in their current job. This can be a personal situation the student has gone through or a situation that another employee (boss, colleague, subordinate) has gone through that affected the student’s leadership.
The student will use the concepts learned throughout the course to propose how changes in management and leadership styles could improve their current employment situation, or a previous employment situation. Some factors that should be considered are stress, replenishment, handling crises, selflessness, integrity, courage, wisdom, authority, responsibility, accountability, teamwork, vision, power types, ethics, communication differences, style of leaders or managers, lack of biblical beliefs, etc., or other factors that were discussed during the term. Whereas many of these concepts can affect leadership, management, and followership groups and their collaboration efforts, students will select 2-3 factors that the student believes had the most impact from their past experience. These factors will be discussed in detail in the summation.
Factors selected:
Responsibility
Accountability
Handling a Crisis
Instructions
Students will write an 1100-1300 word paper. There will be a title page and a reference page, but no abstract.
The assignment will include a minimum of the following headings:
Title page
· Summation Assignment
· A short introduction/overview of the paper
· Concepts Affecting My Company
· A few important concepts you have learned from the textbook readings, presentations, and website and article readings. Use a different subheading for each concept.
· In the discussion of each concept, include why you believe these are or were the most important for your organization to consider.
· Include your recommendations for change for each concept presented
· Provide biblical concepts that integrate with concepts learned from the readings.
· Concepts Affecting My Leadership (stress/burnout/replenishment)
· This can be a personal situation the student has gone through or a situation that another employee has gone through that affected you
· Conclusion
· A short review of the concepts discussed.
· References – minimum 4 total (*provided bellow)
Use references to support your recommendations for change or to integrate a leadership/management theory with the situation being explored.
· 3 scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles from the University Online Library:
· 1 reference from one of the class textbooks:
Each post will be written in current A ...
BBA 3651, Leadership 1
Course Description
Presents the importance of leadership in conjunction with various leadership traits, styles, and qualities. Enhances the
importance of having a vision, the motivation to lead, social motives in the workplace, levels of morality and values, and
the significance of empowerment for effective leadership. Topics include situational leadership, organizational climate,
moral dilemmas, personal integrity, servant leadership, participative management, human relations, high-performance
teams, diversity, cultural and interpersonal differences, workplace stress, performance management, and organizational
change.
Prerequisites
None
Course Textbook
Daft, R. L. (2011). The leadership experience (5th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.
Course Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Analyze the significance regarding the concept of leadership and different types of leaders.
2. Examine the variables that determine effective leadership and methodologies used to measure it.
3. Evaluate different styles of leadership such as directive, participative, or free-rein.
4. Distinguish between the importance of vision, the motive to lead, and organizational climate.
5. Apply techniques for demonstrating the role of ethics and values in guiding organizational behavior.
6. Examine the participative, charismatic, and transformational styles of leadership.
7. Analyze organizational change and methods used to appropriately manage groups and teams.
8. Evaluate methods used to decrease workplace stress and burnout.
Credits
Upon completion of this course, the students will earn three (3) hours of college credit.
Course Structure
1. Unit Learning Objectives: Each unit contains Unit Learning Objectives that specify the measurable skills and
knowledge students should gain upon completion of the unit.
2. Unit Lesson: Each unit contains a Unit Lesson, which discusses unit material.
3. Reading Assignments: Each unit contains Reading Assignments from one or more chapters from the textbook.
Supplemental Readings are provided for each chapter to aid students in their course of study.
4. Learning Activities (Non-Graded): These non-graded Learning Activities are provided in Units I-VIII to aid
students in their course of study
5. Key Terms: Key Terms are intended to guide students in their course of study. Students should pay particular
attention to Key Terms as they represent important concepts within the unit material and reading.
6. Discussion Boards: Discussion Boards are a part of all CSU term courses. Information and specifications
regarding these assignments are provided in the Academic Policies listed in the Course Menu bar.
BBA 3651, Leadership
Course Syllabus
BBA 3651, Leadership 2
7. Unit Assessments: This course contains eight Unit Assessments, one to be completed at the end of each unit
8. Article Criti ...
Personal Reflection Memo The unexamined life is not worth TatianaMajor22
Personal Reflection Memo
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
~ Socrates
One of the key skills needed to become a successful professional is developing the ‘entrepreneurial mindset’ - the ability to manage uncertainty and simplify complexity in order to exploit new opportunities. It is a process that requires developing a vision, identifying possibilities that may not be perceived by others and thinking beyond the constraints of immediately available resources. Self-knowledge and knowledge of potential resources are key factors that enable this development. This process is as applicable to your career as it is to starting a company. In this assignment, you will identify where you want to be and how you will get there based on some specific prompts. Your personal reflection memo is a way to tap into and formulate for yourself a long-term vision statement, the "external" opportunities that exist, your "internal" (personal) strengths, and a strategy for yourself and your life over the next two to three years. In addition, I request you to share one "failure" from your past and what you learned from it about yourself.
Deliverables: The assignment should consist of a 2-4 page write-up (in bullet points or prose) that summarizes EACH ofthe areas discussed below:
1. Vision and Opportunity
a. What are your goals (career and/or educational) after you leave WSU?
b. How do you define success in life?
c. How has this class and the tools you have learnt influenced the way you view strategy and business in general? How have the insights gleaned from these tools shaped your view and aspirations for your own life?
STRENGTHS
· What achievements are you most proud of?
· What would those closest to you say are your strengths?
WEAKNESSES
· What would those closest to you say are your weaknesses?
· Give an example of one “failure” you experienced in your life so far. What did you learn about yourself from that experience?
OPPORTUNITIES
· What are some need/problems that you can help solve that aligns with the vision you have identified above?
THREATS
· What external obstacles would keep you from achieving your goals?
· Is demand for the activities your find most fulfilling changing?
2. Personal SWOT analysis
3. Values
At this point, you’re probably making important decisions about your future— deciding where to focus your time and effort. If you’re able to pursue activities and interests that are in line with your values and what’s important to you at a core level, you will be less stressed. Go through this list of values and identify the ones most important to you.
After identifying your values from those above, consider all the values you have listed as most important to you. Please identity the top 3 of values (out of these) that you think are most important for you as an anchor or lodestar for your professional career. Then for each of these values, please write about:
1. Why or in what ways is this value important to you in you ...
Trident University InternationalStudent Name.docxturveycharlyn
Trident University International
Student Name
Principles of Management Module 4 SLP
MGT301: Principles of Management
Professor’s Name
Date of Submission
Principles of Management Module 4 SLP
This is your 2-3 sentence introduction. No heading is required. Remember to always indent the first line of a paragraph (use the tab key). The margins, font size, spacing, and font type (bold or plain) are set in APA format. While you may change the names of the headings and subheadings, do not change the font or style of font. This introduction should provide a quick overview of the topic discussed.
SLP4: The Management and Leadership Handbook
Narrative Overview of Managerial or Supervisory Experience (SLP1)
Leadership Characteristics
Module 1: Week 1 Discussion Post. Share at least two leadership characteristics that are appealing to you and provide rationale or background as to why you believe these traits will be beneficial to you and your future employees.
On the flip side, share a supervisory nightmare you may have experienced or heard about. Make sure we understand why you deem it a negative experience for workers. NEW CONTENT: explain what you would have done differently as supervisor to make the environment more positive for your team. This should be one paragraph in length (or about 50 words) and must be substantive in nature.
Bureaupathology
Module 1: Week 2 Discussion Post. As a consumer, share an experience you may have had (or heard about) regarding how “bureaupathology,” excessive bureaucracy got in the way of you receiving quality service at a company. NEW CONTENT: explain what should have been done differently in the company to provide a better consumer experience. This should be one paragraph in length (or about 50 words) and must be substantive in nature.
Planning
Module 1: Case. Let us look at four essential management concepts: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Using the class text and predominately articles from Trident Library’s full-text databases like (Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and/or Proquest Central) research each of the essential management functions. Do not use any quotations. Consider best practices from a management perspective. Talking points are included for each of the functions.
· A manager’s role in supporting the company’s vision and mission.
· Managerial participation in strategic, tactical and operational planning.
· How managers establish and track goals and objectives for themselves and their teams.
Since you are engaging in research, be sure to cite and reference the sources in APA format. The paper should be written in third person; this means words like “I”, “we”, and “you” are not appropriate. For more information see Differences Between First and Third Person.
Organizing
Consider best practices from a management perspective. Talking points are included for each of the functions.
· Organization Design, including individual job responsibilities
• Maintaining Cor ...
Running head SHORT TITLE OF PAPERSHORT TITLE OF PAPER6.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: SHORT TITLE OF PAPER
SHORT TITLE OF PAPER 6
Full Title of Paper
Student Name
PSY2050 History and Systems of Psychology
Abstract
The abstract is on a page of its own after the title page. It is a brief summary of the content of your paper (typically 100-250). The word abstract at the top of the page is not bold since it is not a heading within the paper.
Full Title of Paper
This is the first page of the body of your paper. The full title of your paper is repeated at the top of the page. Like with the abstract, the title at the top of the page is not bold since it is not considered a heading within the paper. You will see below that headings within the paper are in bold and follow the heading styles required by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.; American Psychological Association, 2009).
This first section of your paper is the introduction of your paper. It is not labeled separately. It introduces the topic of your paper and the points you intend to make. Why is this topic important to psychology? This section also introduces how your paper will be organized, such as stating that you will review the historical background of the topic and then follow it with an overview of related current trends and discussion.
To summarize the introduction needs to be one to two pages in length. The introduction provides a brief overview of what will be covered and the purpose of the research paper.
Literature Review
This is the beginning of your literature review. Keep in mind, the literature review is not just a summary of each individual article. It is also a critical analysis of your topic supported by information you learned when reading the background literature. Your APA formatted citations for the sources of the information you are discussing is your indication of the literature reviewed.
This section will give an overview of the history of your topic and the theories being covered. It will discuss where the theories came from and how they have evolved over time. Depending on your topic, it may include comparisons and contrasts between the historical theories you are covering.
To summarize the literature review is taken in part from what you wrote in Week 3 Assignment 2. It should include at the very minimum the 6 articles that you found for that assignment. The literature review is not a copy of that material. Rather, it is a synthesis of the material you found into a cohesive review of the literature on your chosen topic.
Subheading 1 Example
Depending on your topic, you may find it necessary to use subheadings within sections of your document. For example, if you are comparing and contrasting Western and Eastern theories, you may have a subheading for Western Theories (and would change the example of a subheading above to reflect the topic of the subheading) and one for Eastern Theories.
Subheading 2 Example
Only use subheadings if you have more than one area you want to distinguish ...
BBA 3651, Leadership 1
Course Description
Presents the importance of leadership in conjunction with various leadership traits, styles, and qualities. Enhances the
importance of having a vision, the motivation to lead, social motives in the workplace, levels of morality and values, and
the significance of empowerment for effective leadership. Topics include situational leadership, organizational climate,
moral dilemmas, personal integrity, servant leadership, participative management, human relations, high-performance
teams, diversity, cultural and interpersonal differences, workplace stress, performance management, and organizational
change.
Prerequisites
None
Course Textbook
Daft, R. L. (2011). The leadership experience (5th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.
Course Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Analyze the significance regarding the concept of leadership and different types of leaders.
2. Examine the variables that determine effective leadership and methodologies used to measure it.
3. Evaluate different styles of leadership such as directive, participative, or free-rein.
4. Distinguish between the importance of vision, the motive to lead, and organizational climate.
5. Apply techniques for demonstrating the role of ethics and values in guiding organizational behavior.
6. Examine the participative, charismatic, and transformational styles of leadership.
7. Analyze organizational change and methods used to appropriately manage groups and teams.
8. Evaluate methods used to decrease workplace stress and burnout.
Credits
Upon completion of this course, the students will earn three (3) hours of college credit.
Course Structure
1. Unit Learning Objectives: Each unit contains Unit Learning Objectives that specify the measurable skills and
knowledge students should gain upon completion of the unit.
2. Unit Lesson: Each unit contains a Unit Lesson, which discusses unit material.
3. Reading Assignments: Each unit contains Reading Assignments from one or more chapters from the textbook.
Supplemental Readings are provided for each chapter to aid students in their course of study.
4. Learning Activities (Non-Graded): These non-graded Learning Activities are provided in Units I-VIII to aid
students in their course of study
5. Key Terms: Key Terms are intended to guide students in their course of study. Students should pay particular
attention to Key Terms as they represent important concepts within the unit material and reading.
6. Discussion Boards: Discussion Boards are a part of all CSU term courses. Information and specifications
regarding these assignments are provided in the Academic Policies listed in the Course Menu bar.
BBA 3651, Leadership
Course Syllabus
BBA 3651, Leadership 2
7. Unit Assessments: This course contains eight Unit Assessments, one to be completed at the end of each unit
8. Article Criti ...
Personal Reflection Memo The unexamined life is not worth TatianaMajor22
Personal Reflection Memo
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
~ Socrates
One of the key skills needed to become a successful professional is developing the ‘entrepreneurial mindset’ - the ability to manage uncertainty and simplify complexity in order to exploit new opportunities. It is a process that requires developing a vision, identifying possibilities that may not be perceived by others and thinking beyond the constraints of immediately available resources. Self-knowledge and knowledge of potential resources are key factors that enable this development. This process is as applicable to your career as it is to starting a company. In this assignment, you will identify where you want to be and how you will get there based on some specific prompts. Your personal reflection memo is a way to tap into and formulate for yourself a long-term vision statement, the "external" opportunities that exist, your "internal" (personal) strengths, and a strategy for yourself and your life over the next two to three years. In addition, I request you to share one "failure" from your past and what you learned from it about yourself.
Deliverables: The assignment should consist of a 2-4 page write-up (in bullet points or prose) that summarizes EACH ofthe areas discussed below:
1. Vision and Opportunity
a. What are your goals (career and/or educational) after you leave WSU?
b. How do you define success in life?
c. How has this class and the tools you have learnt influenced the way you view strategy and business in general? How have the insights gleaned from these tools shaped your view and aspirations for your own life?
STRENGTHS
· What achievements are you most proud of?
· What would those closest to you say are your strengths?
WEAKNESSES
· What would those closest to you say are your weaknesses?
· Give an example of one “failure” you experienced in your life so far. What did you learn about yourself from that experience?
OPPORTUNITIES
· What are some need/problems that you can help solve that aligns with the vision you have identified above?
THREATS
· What external obstacles would keep you from achieving your goals?
· Is demand for the activities your find most fulfilling changing?
2. Personal SWOT analysis
3. Values
At this point, you’re probably making important decisions about your future— deciding where to focus your time and effort. If you’re able to pursue activities and interests that are in line with your values and what’s important to you at a core level, you will be less stressed. Go through this list of values and identify the ones most important to you.
After identifying your values from those above, consider all the values you have listed as most important to you. Please identity the top 3 of values (out of these) that you think are most important for you as an anchor or lodestar for your professional career. Then for each of these values, please write about:
1. Why or in what ways is this value important to you in you ...
Trident University InternationalStudent Name.docxturveycharlyn
Trident University International
Student Name
Principles of Management Module 4 SLP
MGT301: Principles of Management
Professor’s Name
Date of Submission
Principles of Management Module 4 SLP
This is your 2-3 sentence introduction. No heading is required. Remember to always indent the first line of a paragraph (use the tab key). The margins, font size, spacing, and font type (bold or plain) are set in APA format. While you may change the names of the headings and subheadings, do not change the font or style of font. This introduction should provide a quick overview of the topic discussed.
SLP4: The Management and Leadership Handbook
Narrative Overview of Managerial or Supervisory Experience (SLP1)
Leadership Characteristics
Module 1: Week 1 Discussion Post. Share at least two leadership characteristics that are appealing to you and provide rationale or background as to why you believe these traits will be beneficial to you and your future employees.
On the flip side, share a supervisory nightmare you may have experienced or heard about. Make sure we understand why you deem it a negative experience for workers. NEW CONTENT: explain what you would have done differently as supervisor to make the environment more positive for your team. This should be one paragraph in length (or about 50 words) and must be substantive in nature.
Bureaupathology
Module 1: Week 2 Discussion Post. As a consumer, share an experience you may have had (or heard about) regarding how “bureaupathology,” excessive bureaucracy got in the way of you receiving quality service at a company. NEW CONTENT: explain what should have been done differently in the company to provide a better consumer experience. This should be one paragraph in length (or about 50 words) and must be substantive in nature.
Planning
Module 1: Case. Let us look at four essential management concepts: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Using the class text and predominately articles from Trident Library’s full-text databases like (Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and/or Proquest Central) research each of the essential management functions. Do not use any quotations. Consider best practices from a management perspective. Talking points are included for each of the functions.
· A manager’s role in supporting the company’s vision and mission.
· Managerial participation in strategic, tactical and operational planning.
· How managers establish and track goals and objectives for themselves and their teams.
Since you are engaging in research, be sure to cite and reference the sources in APA format. The paper should be written in third person; this means words like “I”, “we”, and “you” are not appropriate. For more information see Differences Between First and Third Person.
Organizing
Consider best practices from a management perspective. Talking points are included for each of the functions.
· Organization Design, including individual job responsibilities
• Maintaining Cor ...
Running head SHORT TITLE OF PAPERSHORT TITLE OF PAPER6.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: SHORT TITLE OF PAPER
SHORT TITLE OF PAPER 6
Full Title of Paper
Student Name
PSY2050 History and Systems of Psychology
Abstract
The abstract is on a page of its own after the title page. It is a brief summary of the content of your paper (typically 100-250). The word abstract at the top of the page is not bold since it is not a heading within the paper.
Full Title of Paper
This is the first page of the body of your paper. The full title of your paper is repeated at the top of the page. Like with the abstract, the title at the top of the page is not bold since it is not considered a heading within the paper. You will see below that headings within the paper are in bold and follow the heading styles required by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.; American Psychological Association, 2009).
This first section of your paper is the introduction of your paper. It is not labeled separately. It introduces the topic of your paper and the points you intend to make. Why is this topic important to psychology? This section also introduces how your paper will be organized, such as stating that you will review the historical background of the topic and then follow it with an overview of related current trends and discussion.
To summarize the introduction needs to be one to two pages in length. The introduction provides a brief overview of what will be covered and the purpose of the research paper.
Literature Review
This is the beginning of your literature review. Keep in mind, the literature review is not just a summary of each individual article. It is also a critical analysis of your topic supported by information you learned when reading the background literature. Your APA formatted citations for the sources of the information you are discussing is your indication of the literature reviewed.
This section will give an overview of the history of your topic and the theories being covered. It will discuss where the theories came from and how they have evolved over time. Depending on your topic, it may include comparisons and contrasts between the historical theories you are covering.
To summarize the literature review is taken in part from what you wrote in Week 3 Assignment 2. It should include at the very minimum the 6 articles that you found for that assignment. The literature review is not a copy of that material. Rather, it is a synthesis of the material you found into a cohesive review of the literature on your chosen topic.
Subheading 1 Example
Depending on your topic, you may find it necessary to use subheadings within sections of your document. For example, if you are comparing and contrasting Western and Eastern theories, you may have a subheading for Western Theories (and would change the example of a subheading above to reflect the topic of the subheading) and one for Eastern Theories.
Subheading 2 Example
Only use subheadings if you have more than one area you want to distinguish ...
Discussion post unit 6For your assigned topic, please discuss .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion post unit 6
For your assigned topic, please discuss the following:
topic Gonorrhea/Chlamydia
· Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors
· Clinical manifestation/physical exam performed
· Differential diagnosis
· Diagnostic tests needed
· Pharmacological (first line of treatment) and non-pharmacological management strategies for the condition
· Referral and complications
· One research article that is not more than 5 years old (evidence-based) which may address one of the following (diagnosis, assessment, and treatment or management of the condition)
.
Discussion. Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. AT LEAST 160 WORDS.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion. Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. AT LEAST 160 WORDS AND ONE REFERENCE.
Bite marks left behind as impressions on a person's body by an attacker have been used in forensic investigations. Odontologists compare the positions and number of teeth, as well as dental work in order to make their comparisons. One of the most famous cases where this type of evidence was used in the case of serial killer Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Bite marks were found on one of his victims which was compared to Bundy's bite mark impression and presented in court. While this may seem like solid evidence of identification, it has become controversial for use in criminal cases.
In your post, explain why this type of analysis is controversial? Provide an example (not Bundy) of a specific criminal case or discussion in the media of this controversy, be sure to include sources. Include your opinion about using this technique in criminal cases.
.
Discussion TopicThe initial post is due on Wednesday and n.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Topic
The initial post is due on Wednesday and needs to be a minimum of 175 words.
Week 1 questions:
Nutrition is often talked about in everyday pop culture. Nutrition science, however, is not always part of the conversation.
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
Discuss some examples of nutrition that you see brought up in everyday experiences. These examples can be from blogs, social media, current events, television, magazines, etc.
How many of those examples are supported by knowledge from nutrition science?
How can you determine credible information? Discuss some criteria for determining credible information. What should you look for as red flags when trying to determine if information is credible or not?
Why are people willing to believe information that may not be scientifically proven?
.
Dispite effective designs that aim to achieve good data, however, so.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Dispite effective designs that aim to achieve good data, however, some anomolies are introduced during use of the data.
Discuss attribute semantics as an informal measure of goodness for a relational schema - that is, ways that attributes and be constructed during conception to achieve
good data.
Illustrate with example
Discuss Insertion, Deletion, and modification anomolies. Why are they considered bad?
Illustrate with examples
.
Why should NULLs in a relation be avoided as much as possible? Discuss the problem of spurious tuples and how to prevent it.
.
Discussion7 For the discussion topic related to Threats to .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion7:
For the discussion topic related to Threats to Biodiversity, research some information about threats to biodiversity and discuss:
· 2 major threats to biodiversity today.
· Where do these threats come from?
Your main response should be a minimum of 150 words (more is OK). You must also post a minimum of one significant reply to a classmate's post that contributes to their learning by Friday, 11:59 pm. The reply should be a minimum of 100 words.
Response to below discussion: Britt
The two main threats to biodiversity today are habitat loss and pollution. Our environments are seriously threatened by pollution. Pollution in the air, water, soil, and plastics have all have a negative impact on biodiversity. As you travel down the highways, you will see that plastic bottles and wrappers are all over the place, and factory emissions are contaminating the air with ammonia, dust, and soot. Animals suffering from respiratory distress from air pollution also have lower reproductive rates, which reduces biodiversity. In addition to polluting our air, greenhouse gases cause climate change, which destroys hundreds of coral reefs in our oceans. Our fish die from water contamination, which results in a decline in fish diversity. Another significant problem with biodiversity is habitat loss. Many species become extinct due to habitat loss. To develop another structure or establishment, this act entails razinf forests and habitats. Because they are removing such a large number of species from their habitats, this has a significant negative impact on biodiversity. Additionally, some species could become extinct completely as a result of this. These dangers are posed by people and companies that want to build more buildings and tear down forests and habitats to do so.
References:
Hanski, I. (2011). Habitat loss, the dynamics of biodiversity, and a perspective on conservation. 40(3): 248–255.
National Library of Medicine.
Wreglesworth, R. How does pollution affect biodiversity?
Innovate Eco.
.
Discussion Post Post on the Discussion Board a maximum 1000-word o.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Post: Post on the Discussion Board a maximum 1000-word on the meaning, role, and value of public relations in global society. Provide robust
analysis
of the place of ethics in the practice of public relations. Do not merely summarize the various ethical approaches; try to apply them. In other words, what does ethical action look like in PR? What
should
it look like? Why?
Cite course readings in your response.
.
Discussion WK 9The Role of the RNAPRN in Policy EvaluationIn .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion WK 9
The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation
In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?
Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?
In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.
To Prepare:
· In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
· Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.
By Day 3 of Week 9
Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.
Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.
Post an evaluation topic and a brief description of the evaluation. Discuss how social determinants impact this issue.
RESOURCES:
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).
Health policy and politics: A nurse's guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
· Chapter 7, “Health Policy and Social Program Evaluation” (pp. 116–124 only)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409875/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/user/identity/landing?code=Di7po9j9EMcw3P8H7oOBTNkBnjVKGuf9x44QkC1I&state=retryCounter%3D0%26csrfToken%3D9f776cf2-08bc-4f09-a8f6-072222840d99%26idpPolicy%3Durn%253Acom%253Aelsevier%253Aidp%253Apolicy%253Aproduct%253Ainst_assoc%26returnUrl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.sciencedirect.com%252Fscience%252Farticle%252Fpii%252FS0029655418300617%26prompt%3Dlogin%26cid%3Datp-40f879d1-8ae6-4b6d-b906-4c41401a9ea7
i J LUUU^S
Why Don't We See More Translation
of Health Promotion Research to Practice?
Rethinking the Efficacy-to-Effectiveness Transition
I Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, Edward Lichtenstein, PhD, and Alfred C, Marcus, PhD
The gap between research and practice is well documented. We address one of the
underlying reasons for this gap: the assumption that effectiveness research naturally
and logically follows from successful efficacy research. These 2 research traditions
have evolved different methods and values; consequently, there are inherent differ-
ences between the characteristics of a successful efficacy intervention versus those of
an effectiveness one. Moderating factors that limit robustness across settings, popu-
lations, and intervention staff need to .
Discussion QuestionTelehealth technology has extended the .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Question:
Telehealth technology has extended the arms of traditional health care delivery into homes, clinics, and other environments outside the bricks and mortar of hospitals. Will the increased use of these telehealth technology tools be viewed as “de-humanizing” patient care or will they be viewed as a means to promote more contact with healthcare providers and new ways for people to “stay connected” (as online disease support groups), thereby creating better long-term disease management and patient satisfaction?
.
Discussion Chapter FivePlease answer the following question an.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion: Chapter Five
*Please answer the following question and make sure that your response is 100 words are more and in complete sentences. *
1. How do definitions of criminal responsibility differ among countries?
Career Pathway Initiative: Penal Code
Describe the penal code of the
Federal Republic of Germany, the
Italian Penal Code, and the
French Penal Code.
Final Exam
Research the criminal justice systems in
England,
China,
Pakistan and
Russia. Compare and contrast each one and explain whether or not you agree with their form of government.
Chapter 5: Substantive Law and Procedural Law in the Four Legal Traditions
*Please answer the following questions and make sure that your response is 100 words are more for each and in complete sentences. *
1. How are public law and private law distinguished?
2. How does the search for truth differ between the adversarial and inquisitorial systems?
3. What forms can judicial review take?
4. How can American football and European soccer help explain the adversarial and inquisitorial systems?
Week 6 Discussion Question
Identify the play you chose to study. Did you know the play before you chose it? What stands out for you as you read it for class? What message(s) does the play hold for someone reading or watching it in 2021?
Module 2: Reading Quiz 1
Unit 1: Reading Quiz 3:
Compare/Contrast Gilgamesh and Job as heroes.
Read the
Epic of Gilgamesh (Links to an external site.) and the book of
Job (Links to an external site.).
Compare and Contrast Gilgamesh and Odysseus as heroes.
Use the following guidelines to help you compose your answer:
- How are Gilgamesh and Odysseus similar?
- How are Gilgamesh and Odysseus different?
- What are each hero's strengths?
- What are each hero's weaknesses?
- Which of the two do you think is the ultimate hero?
- Good answers should be at least 250 words.
Plagiarism Reminder
Answers should be in your own words. Do not copy answers from online sources. I am interested in what
you think. If you use language from the text, use quotations marks (Example: "In the land of Uz there lived a man whose name was Job.").
Task Three: Activities for Homer's Odyssey
Read through the Homer Study Guide and all of the Activities below before making your selection. Make a copy of the Activity question to begin your response. Upload your Activity here. Title your entry, "Activity 3." These Activity entries must be thoughtful; each one should be the equivalent of at least a full typed page or more in length (e.g. not less than 250 words). They may be longer if you need to say more on your topic. You will not be able to do these Activity entries properly unless you have carefully read the assigned literature.
· Athena is Odysseus' patron deity; he is her favorite human being. Look at some of t.
Discussion Rubric: Undergraduate
Your active participation in the discussion forums is essential to your overall success this term. Discussion questions are designed to help you make meaningful
connections between the course content and the larger concepts and goals of the course. These discussions offer you the opportunity to express your own
thoughts, ask questions for clarification, and gain insight from your classmates’ responses and instructor’s guidance.
Requirements for Discussion Board Assignments
Students are required to post one initial post and to follow up with at least two response posts for each discussion board assignment.
For your initial post (1), you must do the following:
Compose a post of one to two paragraphs.
In Module One, complete the initial post by Thursday at 11:59 p.m.
Eastern Time.
In Modules Two through Eight, complete the initial post by Thursday at
11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
Take into consideration material such as course content and other
discussion boards from the current module and previous modules, when
appropriate (make sure you are using proper citation methods for your
discipline when referencing scholarly or popular resources).
For your response posts (2), you must do the following:
Reply to at least two different classmates outside of your own initial
post thread.
In Module One, complete the two response posts by Sunday at 11:59
p.m. Eastern Time.
In Modules Two through Eight, complete the two response posts by
Sunday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
Demonstrate more depth and thought than simply stating that “I agree”
or “You are wrong.” Guidance is provided for you in each discussion
prompt.
Rubric
Critical Elements Exemplary Proficient Needs Improvement Not Evident Value
Comprehension Develops an initial post with an
organized, clear point of view or
idea using rich and significant detail
(100%)
Develops an initial post with a
point of view or idea using
adequate organization and
detail (85%)
Develops an initial post with a
point of view or idea but with
some gaps in organization and
detail (55%)
Does not develop an initial post
with an organized point of view
or idea (0%)
40
Timeliness Submits initial post on time
(100%)
Submits initial post one day late
(55%)
Submits initial post two or more
days late (0%)
10
Engagement Provides relevant and meaningful
response posts with clarifying
explanation and detail (100%)
Provides relevant response
posts with some explanation
and detail (85%)
Provides somewhat relevant
response posts with some
explanation and detail (55%)
Provides response posts that
are generic with little
explanation or detail (0%)
30
Writing
(Mechanics)
Writes posts that are easily
understood, clear, and concise
using proper citation methods
where applicable with no errors in
citations (100.
Discussion Communicating in Your InternshipDirectionsKiser, C.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion: Communicating in Your Internship
Directions
Kiser, Chapter 6: Communicating in Your Internship, describes the clientele who access HUS settings and successful communication skills for HUS practitioners. Throughout your HUS courses, you have been exposed to theoretical perspectives regarding individuals, groups, families, and agencies, and reviewed counseling, mental health, aging, multiculturalism, case management, and social policy. Now the time has come to apply your knowledge directly with human beings. As you have progressed through your internship and have reached the halfway mark, you have had opportunities to not only interact with clients but to observe situations in which you have been challenged to remain neutral and communicate effectively.
For your initial post:
1. Describe your client population. Cite Kiser Chapter 6 material to explain some of the characteristics of this group and some of the challenges a HUS professional might encounter.
2. Discuss what you have learned in your HUS coursework that has helped you to understand and work with this clientele. Specifically name the course and information. For example: Family Systems and Dynamics helped me to understand that the whole family plays a part in the problem that the client presents. Ethics taught me that the professional role has clear boundaries and that I must be aware of those boundaries to help my clients without violating ethical standards. Group Dynamics taught me that conflict and power may make it hard to serve my client population. Please refer to the courses you have taken.
3. Discuss at least 2 areas that have been more difficult as you work with the clientele.
4. Discuss your understanding of what roadblocks have been presented for you to overcome, for example, personal beliefs and values regarding conflict, anger, addiction, poverty, incarceration, aging, gender, culture, religion. It is important to be honest and own that although being objective is an ideal, as human beings, our own biases and beliefs will be brought into sharp relief as we deal directly with others who are facing challenges in their lives.
5. Discuss what you can do to work towards more neutrality when faced with clients who challenge you. Give at least three methods you can use to help you overcome these challenges.
Weaknesses
What could MH SW improve?
STRENGHT(What does Memorial Herman do well)
WEAKNESS (what could improve about Memorial Hermann)
· High Reliability: Memorial Hermann Southwest has established the framework with its leadership team to focus on achieving the goal of zero harm. They do this by empowering employees to speak up and making organizational safety a priority. They have received recognition by the ANCC as a magnet facility as well as receiving the Birnbaum quality leadership award for quality and safety.
· Successful clinical outcomes: recognized by the American heart association as a high-quality stroke care facility. Their mission and vision is.
Discussion Topic- Concepts of Managed Care Health insurance comp.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Topic- Concepts of Managed Care
Health insurance companies cover services they define as medically necessary. Medical necessity is a decision made by a health plan as to whether the treatment, test, or procedure is necessary for a patient’s health or to treat a medical problem. Third-party payers (aka Insurance companies or health plans) often require documentation to illustrate medical necessity for treatment before payment will be made.
For your main Discussion post, evaluate and examine medical necessity from a
provider’s
(doctor, hospital, clinic, etc.) point of a view
and
from a
payer’s
/health plan’s (Aetna, Cigna, Affinity, Healthfirst, etc.) point of view.
Research then discuss the role
evidence-based clinical criteria and guidelines
play with regard to medical necessity.
At least 250 words
Chapter 5
Required Textbooks:Kongstvedt, P., Health Insurance and Managed Care: What They Are and How TheyWork, 5th. Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.ISBN- 978-1-284-15209-8 or EBook-ISBN-978-1-284-09487-9
.
Discussion Prompt #1 - Juveniles as AdultsThe juvenile jus.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Prompt #1 - Juvenile's as Adults?
The juvenile justice system has evolved into a parallel yet independent system of justice with its own terminology and rules of prosecution. The primary purpose of juvenile procedures is protection and treatment; with adults, the aim is to punish the guilty. Are there any circumstances in which you believe that a juvenile may be tried as adults? On what basis have you arrived at this answer?
Discussion Prompt #2 - After School Programs
A major preventive advantage of school for juveniles is the monitoring and social control that principals, teachers, and other school staff provide. Some juveniles are on their own after school because their parents are at work. This time period can create opportunities for crime and delinquency. After-school programs can keep children and adolescents engaged in structured, prosocial activities until their parents return from work. How important are after-school programs for at-risk youth? Provide an example of an after-school youth program that is effective in engaging children and adolescents.
.
Discussion Question Contrast file encryption and volume encryptio.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Question: Contrast file encryption and volume encryption
· The discussion assignment requires an Original Posting (main post) from you of 2-3 paragraphs answering the module's question.
· In addition to your main post, you must post
three responses to other posts made by your classmates. These can be replies to other main posts or responding to student replies on your thread.
PLEASE RESPOND TO THE PEER POSTS BELOW
PEER 1
Ransomware works via finding its way onto a host computer, it's a kind of malware so it's like when your computer gets sick and slows it down but instead it locks out all your stuff. Usually what they ask for in return for control of your files is money, but sometimes they will ask for other important things. The FBI doesn't condone giving the attackers what they want because it's more than likely that they'll just take the money and keep your stuff locked, they'll possibly even ask for more. That's why they stress how important it is that if this happens to you then you should go to them for help. If your in a company then you ask your IT department.
The software goes through this encryption phase where it starts encrypting all the files on your computer until it's all locked and you can tell if something is encrypted usually because the file will have an extension added onto it. Such as .aaa , .micro , .encrypted , .ttt , .xyz , .zzz , .locky , .crypt , .cryptolocker , .vault , or .petya. These extensions are an indication that a file has been partially or fully encrypted. What's recommended is that as soon as you find out that your files are being locked, you disconnect from all wireless connections and other computing devices, because this virus can and will spread to cause even more havoc. It can spread across your network and ruin other computers on said network.
Ransomware is normally delivered by drive-by downloads or email phishing. Drive-by downloads are a fancy way of saying a download that you pick up while browsing a site and it runs in the background. Email phishing is one of the reasons you don't click on links from emails from anyone, even from trusted sources. If you know who the email is coming from your best bet is to get with them personally to make sure that it's a valid email and that it's not an attacker. If a ransom is paid though, the attack may give you an encryption key to unlock your files, if your lucky enough. Why take a chance though, you should always take the smart path and make sure that you contact the proper authorities if you come across anything like this in your time. Also make sure to back up your computer files, it may sound obvious enough to want to put it off and procrastinate this, but the longer you wait the more at risk you are.
PEER 2
This week, I have decided to write my discussion post about ransomware and explain how it works. I've always found it one of the more interesting topics in cybersecurity. The idea behind ransomware is quite si.
Discussion Board #4
50
50 unread replies.
50
50 replies.
Discussion Board #4: Reporting and Measuring Financial Performance
1.Explain the purpose of income statements, balance sheets, statement of changes in net worth and the statement of cash flows
2. Explain the role of financial ratios in financial management.
3. Describe the role of and use trend analysis.
.
Discussion Ethics in Cross-Cultural ResearchWhile many psyc.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion: Ethics in Cross-Cultural Research
While many psychologists may be familiar with ethical considerations in their own culture, such as the use of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to review research, or the existence of professional documents such as American Psychological Association’s (APA) code of ethics, when conducting research outside of their majority home culture, they may be at a loss. For instance, the psychologist may not be aware of different rules and regulations for research in different nations, or about various spoken and unspoken cultural beliefs about morals and ethics and the role and purpose of research, such as differing understandings and beliefs about what merits co-authorship or what constitutes privacy and confidentiality. Familiarizing yourself with such ethical considerations will be important for you to understand in your future professional practice.
For this Discussion, you will examine ethical issues related to cross-cultural research and the necessary course of action.
To Prepare:
Consider the following:
Professor Plum wants to investigate cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards different foods. He is very interested in nation “X”. However, he has never been there nor does he know the language or culture or the political situation. He also does not know if there are any psychologists living in that nation. Understanding attitudes about foods in this nation may help with people with eating disorders in Professor Plum’s country and eventually may help people with eating disorders in many nations.
As you consider Professor Plum’s research, think about the impact of his plans on human subject protection. Also, consider the ethical implications of the aims of his research purposes and his ability to gain information that will accurately represent those from whom he collects data.
Before Professor Plum begins his research,
post
and explain some of the potential ethical issues he will need to consider (i.e., impact on human subject protection) and why this is an important consideration. Further explain two ethical issues and suggest what courses of action might be appropriate.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Haffejee, S., & Theron, L. (2018). Contextual risks and resilience enablers in South Africa: The case of Precious. In G. Rich & S. Sirikantraporn (Eds.),
Human strengths and resilience: Developmental, cross-cultural, and international perspectives
(pp. 87–104).Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Credit Line: Human Strengths and Resilience: Developmental, Cross-Cultural, and International Perspectives, by Rich, G.; Sirikantraporn, S. Copyright 2018 by Lexington Books. Reprinted by permission of Lexington Books via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Ice, G.H., Dufour, D. L., & Stevens, N. J. (2015).
Disasters in field research: Preparing for and coping with unexpected events.
New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield.
Credit Line: Disasters in Field Research: Preparing for and Cop.
Discussion 2Locate current or proposed legislation, city rul.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion 2
Locate current or proposed legislation, city rules, or ordinances that have the potential to affect the environment in your area. Summarize the legislation and draw conclusions about the impact legislation will have on environmental practices.
GUIDELINES
Visit the website of a legislative body that has the ability to create rules, codes, or ordinances that impact the environment. Examples of these types of agencies include: Green Dallas, Fort Worth Environmental Management Department, Texas House of Representatives Committee on Environmental Regulation, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Select one piece of legislation (or rule, or ordinance), either proposed or actual, and summarize it for the class. Ideally, you should select legislation that will directly impact your community.
· Review the discussion board prior to selecting a proposal or prior to posting your message to the discussion board in order to avoid duplicating resources.
· List the title of the legislative bill, rule, or ordinance. Include the title of the legislative body that drafted, proposed, or authorized the legislation.
· Summarize the environmental legislation in one or two paragraphs. Identify key concepts included in the legislation.
· In your opinion, what is the potential or realized impact of this legislation on the community?
· Do you agree or disagree with the legislation? Support your answer.
· Your original post should consist of complete sentences and should be at least two complete paragraphs but no more than three paragraphs.
.
Discussion 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Methods .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Methods in Cross-Cultural Research
In cross-cultural psychology research, a broad range of techniques is utilized to determine the best way to access critical data. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, laboratory experiments may offer great control and ability to examine issues of cause and effect, but may not always reflect actual real-world conditions, especially in cross cultural situations. As an additional example, long term field work and interviews conducted by living in a given cultural setting for a year or two, may offer the possibility of many nuanced observations, yet such qualitative work will not lead to statistical or experimental designs. Each method tends to have pros and cons, rather than one method being the "right" one for every situation. For this Discussion, you will explore the advantages and disadvantages of using different research methods in cross-cultural research.
Post
and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of quantitative research for cross-cultural psychology. Then, describe one advantage and one disadvantage of qualitative research for cross-cultural psychology. Use examples from the studies provided to support your thinking.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Karasz, A., & Singelis, T. M. (2009). Qualitative and mixed methods research in cross-cultural psychology: Introduction to the special issue.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40
(6), 909–916
Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2009). A typology of mixed methods research designs.
Quality and Quantity, 43
(2), 265–275. doi:10.1007/s11135-007-9105-3
Malda, M., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., Srinivasan, K., Transler, C., Sukumar, P., & Rao, K. (2008). Adapting a cognitive test for a different culture: An illustration of qualitative procedures.
Psychology Science Quarterly, 50
(4), 451–468.
Miller, K. E., Omidian, P., Quraishy, A. S., Quraishy, N., Nasiry, M. N., Nasiry, S.,... & Yaqubi, A. A. (2006). The Afghan symptom checklist: A culturally grounded approach to mental health assessment in a conflict zone.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76
(4), 423–433.
Rich, G., Sirikantraporn, S., & Jean-Charles, W. (2018). The concept of posttraumatic growth in an adult sample from Port-Au-Prince, Haiti: A mixed methods study. In G. Rich & S. Sirikantraporn (Eds.),
Human strengths and resilience: Developmental, cross-cultural, and international Perspectives
(pp. 21–38).Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Credit Line: International Differences in Well-Being, by Diener, J.; Helliwell, J. ; Kahneman, D. Copyright 2010 by Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2009). Types of comparative studies in cross-cultural psychology.
Online readings in psychology and culture, 2
(2), pp.1–12.
Credit Line: Fons J. R. van de Vijver. (2009). Types of Comparative Studies in Cross.
Intermediate Accounting II Discussion QuestionImagine you are t.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Intermediate Accounting II Discussion Question:
Imagine you are the senior accountant in the Fixed Assets department at your organization, and management is undecided as to whether it should construct its fixed assets or purchase such assets from an outside source. You are responsible for preparing a report to management, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of self-constructed assets. Suggest to management two (2) advantages of purchasing the assets from an outside organization, as opposed to constructing the assets internally. Justify your response.
Imagine that management is considering a nonreciprocal transfer of an old asset. Determine the key arguments for and against the accounting treatment of a nonreciprocal transfer. Select a position for or against the accounting treatment, and explain the method that reflects the best accounting practice.
.
Interaction Paper 1 InstructionsFor this Interaction Paper, yo.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Interaction Paper 1 Instructions
For this Interaction Paper, you will choose a topic from the list below and write a 7–8-page paper based on methods of conflict resolution.
You will be required to show your understanding of issues that cause conflict and the methods/resources being used today towards specific resolution.
Special permission to choose and write on a topic not included on the list may be secured from the instructor.
Area 1 Topics
Area 1 topics are about conflict and are theoretical in nature.
Your interaction paper should:
Clearly define your purpose and clarify a specific question to answer.
Your purpose should be general in nature and serve to prompt a more specific question that you will attempt to answer.
For example, using the “Hillary Clinton as Peace Maker” topic, the purpose might be to explore how world leaders act as intermediaries to achieve diplomacy.
The specific question could be, “How has Hillary Clinton made attempts to maintain peace between the U.S. and hostile countries like North Korea and Iran?”
Specify a method for how you will accomplish your purpose and answer your question.
This step is a preview of your research, and you will briefly indicate the tools you used
to conduct your study.
You may use any number of methods: surveying literature or journal articles, conducting surveys, studying historical cases, etc.
Demonstrate your research.
In this section, you will provide the details of your research process.
Your input here should comprise the majority of your content.
Draw some conclusions you reached.
In this section, you will answer the question you posed in Step 1.
Summarize the results of your research.
Give recommendations for further study.
Choose your topic from the list below:
·
The Biblical mandate for resolving conflict
·
Interpersonal Conflict and the Scriptures
·
Examples of IP conflict between man and God and man and man in Scripture.
·
The importance and significance of “forgiveness” in resolving conflict.
·
Techniques that may be used for international conflict reconciliation
·
Jimmy Carter as Peace Maker
·
Condoleezza Rice as Conflict Resolver
·
Bill Clinton as Conflict Resolver
·
President Obama as Conflict Resolver
·
Negotiation
·
Kissinger as Effective Negotiator
·
Hillary Clinton as Conflict Resolver
·
Mediation and conflict resolution in job disputes
·
Barriers to Conflict Resolution
·
Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution
·
Business Management Methods of Handling Conflict.
·
The Functions of Conflict
·
Dealing with Racism as conflict
·
Dealing with Gender as conflict
·
Dealing with
Multicultural conflicts
·
Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Conflict
·
Social-Psychological Perspectives of Conflict
·
Conflict Climates
·
Stress and Conflict Affects
·
Anger and Conflict Affects
·
Confrontation and Conflict
·
Listening and Conflict
·
The Church as a Stimulus for Peacemaking
·
.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Discussion post unit 6For your assigned topic, please discuss .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion post unit 6
For your assigned topic, please discuss the following:
topic Gonorrhea/Chlamydia
· Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors
· Clinical manifestation/physical exam performed
· Differential diagnosis
· Diagnostic tests needed
· Pharmacological (first line of treatment) and non-pharmacological management strategies for the condition
· Referral and complications
· One research article that is not more than 5 years old (evidence-based) which may address one of the following (diagnosis, assessment, and treatment or management of the condition)
.
Discussion. Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. AT LEAST 160 WORDS.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion. Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. AT LEAST 160 WORDS AND ONE REFERENCE.
Bite marks left behind as impressions on a person's body by an attacker have been used in forensic investigations. Odontologists compare the positions and number of teeth, as well as dental work in order to make their comparisons. One of the most famous cases where this type of evidence was used in the case of serial killer Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Bite marks were found on one of his victims which was compared to Bundy's bite mark impression and presented in court. While this may seem like solid evidence of identification, it has become controversial for use in criminal cases.
In your post, explain why this type of analysis is controversial? Provide an example (not Bundy) of a specific criminal case or discussion in the media of this controversy, be sure to include sources. Include your opinion about using this technique in criminal cases.
.
Discussion TopicThe initial post is due on Wednesday and n.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Topic
The initial post is due on Wednesday and needs to be a minimum of 175 words.
Week 1 questions:
Nutrition is often talked about in everyday pop culture. Nutrition science, however, is not always part of the conversation.
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
Discuss some examples of nutrition that you see brought up in everyday experiences. These examples can be from blogs, social media, current events, television, magazines, etc.
How many of those examples are supported by knowledge from nutrition science?
How can you determine credible information? Discuss some criteria for determining credible information. What should you look for as red flags when trying to determine if information is credible or not?
Why are people willing to believe information that may not be scientifically proven?
.
Dispite effective designs that aim to achieve good data, however, so.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Dispite effective designs that aim to achieve good data, however, some anomolies are introduced during use of the data.
Discuss attribute semantics as an informal measure of goodness for a relational schema - that is, ways that attributes and be constructed during conception to achieve
good data.
Illustrate with example
Discuss Insertion, Deletion, and modification anomolies. Why are they considered bad?
Illustrate with examples
.
Why should NULLs in a relation be avoided as much as possible? Discuss the problem of spurious tuples and how to prevent it.
.
Discussion7 For the discussion topic related to Threats to .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion7:
For the discussion topic related to Threats to Biodiversity, research some information about threats to biodiversity and discuss:
· 2 major threats to biodiversity today.
· Where do these threats come from?
Your main response should be a minimum of 150 words (more is OK). You must also post a minimum of one significant reply to a classmate's post that contributes to their learning by Friday, 11:59 pm. The reply should be a minimum of 100 words.
Response to below discussion: Britt
The two main threats to biodiversity today are habitat loss and pollution. Our environments are seriously threatened by pollution. Pollution in the air, water, soil, and plastics have all have a negative impact on biodiversity. As you travel down the highways, you will see that plastic bottles and wrappers are all over the place, and factory emissions are contaminating the air with ammonia, dust, and soot. Animals suffering from respiratory distress from air pollution also have lower reproductive rates, which reduces biodiversity. In addition to polluting our air, greenhouse gases cause climate change, which destroys hundreds of coral reefs in our oceans. Our fish die from water contamination, which results in a decline in fish diversity. Another significant problem with biodiversity is habitat loss. Many species become extinct due to habitat loss. To develop another structure or establishment, this act entails razinf forests and habitats. Because they are removing such a large number of species from their habitats, this has a significant negative impact on biodiversity. Additionally, some species could become extinct completely as a result of this. These dangers are posed by people and companies that want to build more buildings and tear down forests and habitats to do so.
References:
Hanski, I. (2011). Habitat loss, the dynamics of biodiversity, and a perspective on conservation. 40(3): 248–255.
National Library of Medicine.
Wreglesworth, R. How does pollution affect biodiversity?
Innovate Eco.
.
Discussion Post Post on the Discussion Board a maximum 1000-word o.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Post: Post on the Discussion Board a maximum 1000-word on the meaning, role, and value of public relations in global society. Provide robust
analysis
of the place of ethics in the practice of public relations. Do not merely summarize the various ethical approaches; try to apply them. In other words, what does ethical action look like in PR? What
should
it look like? Why?
Cite course readings in your response.
.
Discussion WK 9The Role of the RNAPRN in Policy EvaluationIn .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion WK 9
The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation
In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?
Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?
In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.
To Prepare:
· In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
· Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.
By Day 3 of Week 9
Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.
Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.
Post an evaluation topic and a brief description of the evaluation. Discuss how social determinants impact this issue.
RESOURCES:
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).
Health policy and politics: A nurse's guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
· Chapter 7, “Health Policy and Social Program Evaluation” (pp. 116–124 only)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409875/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/user/identity/landing?code=Di7po9j9EMcw3P8H7oOBTNkBnjVKGuf9x44QkC1I&state=retryCounter%3D0%26csrfToken%3D9f776cf2-08bc-4f09-a8f6-072222840d99%26idpPolicy%3Durn%253Acom%253Aelsevier%253Aidp%253Apolicy%253Aproduct%253Ainst_assoc%26returnUrl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.sciencedirect.com%252Fscience%252Farticle%252Fpii%252FS0029655418300617%26prompt%3Dlogin%26cid%3Datp-40f879d1-8ae6-4b6d-b906-4c41401a9ea7
i J LUUU^S
Why Don't We See More Translation
of Health Promotion Research to Practice?
Rethinking the Efficacy-to-Effectiveness Transition
I Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, Edward Lichtenstein, PhD, and Alfred C, Marcus, PhD
The gap between research and practice is well documented. We address one of the
underlying reasons for this gap: the assumption that effectiveness research naturally
and logically follows from successful efficacy research. These 2 research traditions
have evolved different methods and values; consequently, there are inherent differ-
ences between the characteristics of a successful efficacy intervention versus those of
an effectiveness one. Moderating factors that limit robustness across settings, popu-
lations, and intervention staff need to .
Discussion QuestionTelehealth technology has extended the .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Question:
Telehealth technology has extended the arms of traditional health care delivery into homes, clinics, and other environments outside the bricks and mortar of hospitals. Will the increased use of these telehealth technology tools be viewed as “de-humanizing” patient care or will they be viewed as a means to promote more contact with healthcare providers and new ways for people to “stay connected” (as online disease support groups), thereby creating better long-term disease management and patient satisfaction?
.
Discussion Chapter FivePlease answer the following question an.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion: Chapter Five
*Please answer the following question and make sure that your response is 100 words are more and in complete sentences. *
1. How do definitions of criminal responsibility differ among countries?
Career Pathway Initiative: Penal Code
Describe the penal code of the
Federal Republic of Germany, the
Italian Penal Code, and the
French Penal Code.
Final Exam
Research the criminal justice systems in
England,
China,
Pakistan and
Russia. Compare and contrast each one and explain whether or not you agree with their form of government.
Chapter 5: Substantive Law and Procedural Law in the Four Legal Traditions
*Please answer the following questions and make sure that your response is 100 words are more for each and in complete sentences. *
1. How are public law and private law distinguished?
2. How does the search for truth differ between the adversarial and inquisitorial systems?
3. What forms can judicial review take?
4. How can American football and European soccer help explain the adversarial and inquisitorial systems?
Week 6 Discussion Question
Identify the play you chose to study. Did you know the play before you chose it? What stands out for you as you read it for class? What message(s) does the play hold for someone reading or watching it in 2021?
Module 2: Reading Quiz 1
Unit 1: Reading Quiz 3:
Compare/Contrast Gilgamesh and Job as heroes.
Read the
Epic of Gilgamesh (Links to an external site.) and the book of
Job (Links to an external site.).
Compare and Contrast Gilgamesh and Odysseus as heroes.
Use the following guidelines to help you compose your answer:
- How are Gilgamesh and Odysseus similar?
- How are Gilgamesh and Odysseus different?
- What are each hero's strengths?
- What are each hero's weaknesses?
- Which of the two do you think is the ultimate hero?
- Good answers should be at least 250 words.
Plagiarism Reminder
Answers should be in your own words. Do not copy answers from online sources. I am interested in what
you think. If you use language from the text, use quotations marks (Example: "In the land of Uz there lived a man whose name was Job.").
Task Three: Activities for Homer's Odyssey
Read through the Homer Study Guide and all of the Activities below before making your selection. Make a copy of the Activity question to begin your response. Upload your Activity here. Title your entry, "Activity 3." These Activity entries must be thoughtful; each one should be the equivalent of at least a full typed page or more in length (e.g. not less than 250 words). They may be longer if you need to say more on your topic. You will not be able to do these Activity entries properly unless you have carefully read the assigned literature.
· Athena is Odysseus' patron deity; he is her favorite human being. Look at some of t.
Discussion Rubric: Undergraduate
Your active participation in the discussion forums is essential to your overall success this term. Discussion questions are designed to help you make meaningful
connections between the course content and the larger concepts and goals of the course. These discussions offer you the opportunity to express your own
thoughts, ask questions for clarification, and gain insight from your classmates’ responses and instructor’s guidance.
Requirements for Discussion Board Assignments
Students are required to post one initial post and to follow up with at least two response posts for each discussion board assignment.
For your initial post (1), you must do the following:
Compose a post of one to two paragraphs.
In Module One, complete the initial post by Thursday at 11:59 p.m.
Eastern Time.
In Modules Two through Eight, complete the initial post by Thursday at
11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
Take into consideration material such as course content and other
discussion boards from the current module and previous modules, when
appropriate (make sure you are using proper citation methods for your
discipline when referencing scholarly or popular resources).
For your response posts (2), you must do the following:
Reply to at least two different classmates outside of your own initial
post thread.
In Module One, complete the two response posts by Sunday at 11:59
p.m. Eastern Time.
In Modules Two through Eight, complete the two response posts by
Sunday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
Demonstrate more depth and thought than simply stating that “I agree”
or “You are wrong.” Guidance is provided for you in each discussion
prompt.
Rubric
Critical Elements Exemplary Proficient Needs Improvement Not Evident Value
Comprehension Develops an initial post with an
organized, clear point of view or
idea using rich and significant detail
(100%)
Develops an initial post with a
point of view or idea using
adequate organization and
detail (85%)
Develops an initial post with a
point of view or idea but with
some gaps in organization and
detail (55%)
Does not develop an initial post
with an organized point of view
or idea (0%)
40
Timeliness Submits initial post on time
(100%)
Submits initial post one day late
(55%)
Submits initial post two or more
days late (0%)
10
Engagement Provides relevant and meaningful
response posts with clarifying
explanation and detail (100%)
Provides relevant response
posts with some explanation
and detail (85%)
Provides somewhat relevant
response posts with some
explanation and detail (55%)
Provides response posts that
are generic with little
explanation or detail (0%)
30
Writing
(Mechanics)
Writes posts that are easily
understood, clear, and concise
using proper citation methods
where applicable with no errors in
citations (100.
Discussion Communicating in Your InternshipDirectionsKiser, C.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion: Communicating in Your Internship
Directions
Kiser, Chapter 6: Communicating in Your Internship, describes the clientele who access HUS settings and successful communication skills for HUS practitioners. Throughout your HUS courses, you have been exposed to theoretical perspectives regarding individuals, groups, families, and agencies, and reviewed counseling, mental health, aging, multiculturalism, case management, and social policy. Now the time has come to apply your knowledge directly with human beings. As you have progressed through your internship and have reached the halfway mark, you have had opportunities to not only interact with clients but to observe situations in which you have been challenged to remain neutral and communicate effectively.
For your initial post:
1. Describe your client population. Cite Kiser Chapter 6 material to explain some of the characteristics of this group and some of the challenges a HUS professional might encounter.
2. Discuss what you have learned in your HUS coursework that has helped you to understand and work with this clientele. Specifically name the course and information. For example: Family Systems and Dynamics helped me to understand that the whole family plays a part in the problem that the client presents. Ethics taught me that the professional role has clear boundaries and that I must be aware of those boundaries to help my clients without violating ethical standards. Group Dynamics taught me that conflict and power may make it hard to serve my client population. Please refer to the courses you have taken.
3. Discuss at least 2 areas that have been more difficult as you work with the clientele.
4. Discuss your understanding of what roadblocks have been presented for you to overcome, for example, personal beliefs and values regarding conflict, anger, addiction, poverty, incarceration, aging, gender, culture, religion. It is important to be honest and own that although being objective is an ideal, as human beings, our own biases and beliefs will be brought into sharp relief as we deal directly with others who are facing challenges in their lives.
5. Discuss what you can do to work towards more neutrality when faced with clients who challenge you. Give at least three methods you can use to help you overcome these challenges.
Weaknesses
What could MH SW improve?
STRENGHT(What does Memorial Herman do well)
WEAKNESS (what could improve about Memorial Hermann)
· High Reliability: Memorial Hermann Southwest has established the framework with its leadership team to focus on achieving the goal of zero harm. They do this by empowering employees to speak up and making organizational safety a priority. They have received recognition by the ANCC as a magnet facility as well as receiving the Birnbaum quality leadership award for quality and safety.
· Successful clinical outcomes: recognized by the American heart association as a high-quality stroke care facility. Their mission and vision is.
Discussion Topic- Concepts of Managed Care Health insurance comp.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Topic- Concepts of Managed Care
Health insurance companies cover services they define as medically necessary. Medical necessity is a decision made by a health plan as to whether the treatment, test, or procedure is necessary for a patient’s health or to treat a medical problem. Third-party payers (aka Insurance companies or health plans) often require documentation to illustrate medical necessity for treatment before payment will be made.
For your main Discussion post, evaluate and examine medical necessity from a
provider’s
(doctor, hospital, clinic, etc.) point of a view
and
from a
payer’s
/health plan’s (Aetna, Cigna, Affinity, Healthfirst, etc.) point of view.
Research then discuss the role
evidence-based clinical criteria and guidelines
play with regard to medical necessity.
At least 250 words
Chapter 5
Required Textbooks:Kongstvedt, P., Health Insurance and Managed Care: What They Are and How TheyWork, 5th. Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.ISBN- 978-1-284-15209-8 or EBook-ISBN-978-1-284-09487-9
.
Discussion Prompt #1 - Juveniles as AdultsThe juvenile jus.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Prompt #1 - Juvenile's as Adults?
The juvenile justice system has evolved into a parallel yet independent system of justice with its own terminology and rules of prosecution. The primary purpose of juvenile procedures is protection and treatment; with adults, the aim is to punish the guilty. Are there any circumstances in which you believe that a juvenile may be tried as adults? On what basis have you arrived at this answer?
Discussion Prompt #2 - After School Programs
A major preventive advantage of school for juveniles is the monitoring and social control that principals, teachers, and other school staff provide. Some juveniles are on their own after school because their parents are at work. This time period can create opportunities for crime and delinquency. After-school programs can keep children and adolescents engaged in structured, prosocial activities until their parents return from work. How important are after-school programs for at-risk youth? Provide an example of an after-school youth program that is effective in engaging children and adolescents.
.
Discussion Question Contrast file encryption and volume encryptio.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion Question: Contrast file encryption and volume encryption
· The discussion assignment requires an Original Posting (main post) from you of 2-3 paragraphs answering the module's question.
· In addition to your main post, you must post
three responses to other posts made by your classmates. These can be replies to other main posts or responding to student replies on your thread.
PLEASE RESPOND TO THE PEER POSTS BELOW
PEER 1
Ransomware works via finding its way onto a host computer, it's a kind of malware so it's like when your computer gets sick and slows it down but instead it locks out all your stuff. Usually what they ask for in return for control of your files is money, but sometimes they will ask for other important things. The FBI doesn't condone giving the attackers what they want because it's more than likely that they'll just take the money and keep your stuff locked, they'll possibly even ask for more. That's why they stress how important it is that if this happens to you then you should go to them for help. If your in a company then you ask your IT department.
The software goes through this encryption phase where it starts encrypting all the files on your computer until it's all locked and you can tell if something is encrypted usually because the file will have an extension added onto it. Such as .aaa , .micro , .encrypted , .ttt , .xyz , .zzz , .locky , .crypt , .cryptolocker , .vault , or .petya. These extensions are an indication that a file has been partially or fully encrypted. What's recommended is that as soon as you find out that your files are being locked, you disconnect from all wireless connections and other computing devices, because this virus can and will spread to cause even more havoc. It can spread across your network and ruin other computers on said network.
Ransomware is normally delivered by drive-by downloads or email phishing. Drive-by downloads are a fancy way of saying a download that you pick up while browsing a site and it runs in the background. Email phishing is one of the reasons you don't click on links from emails from anyone, even from trusted sources. If you know who the email is coming from your best bet is to get with them personally to make sure that it's a valid email and that it's not an attacker. If a ransom is paid though, the attack may give you an encryption key to unlock your files, if your lucky enough. Why take a chance though, you should always take the smart path and make sure that you contact the proper authorities if you come across anything like this in your time. Also make sure to back up your computer files, it may sound obvious enough to want to put it off and procrastinate this, but the longer you wait the more at risk you are.
PEER 2
This week, I have decided to write my discussion post about ransomware and explain how it works. I've always found it one of the more interesting topics in cybersecurity. The idea behind ransomware is quite si.
Discussion Board #4
50
50 unread replies.
50
50 replies.
Discussion Board #4: Reporting and Measuring Financial Performance
1.Explain the purpose of income statements, balance sheets, statement of changes in net worth and the statement of cash flows
2. Explain the role of financial ratios in financial management.
3. Describe the role of and use trend analysis.
.
Discussion Ethics in Cross-Cultural ResearchWhile many psyc.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion: Ethics in Cross-Cultural Research
While many psychologists may be familiar with ethical considerations in their own culture, such as the use of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to review research, or the existence of professional documents such as American Psychological Association’s (APA) code of ethics, when conducting research outside of their majority home culture, they may be at a loss. For instance, the psychologist may not be aware of different rules and regulations for research in different nations, or about various spoken and unspoken cultural beliefs about morals and ethics and the role and purpose of research, such as differing understandings and beliefs about what merits co-authorship or what constitutes privacy and confidentiality. Familiarizing yourself with such ethical considerations will be important for you to understand in your future professional practice.
For this Discussion, you will examine ethical issues related to cross-cultural research and the necessary course of action.
To Prepare:
Consider the following:
Professor Plum wants to investigate cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards different foods. He is very interested in nation “X”. However, he has never been there nor does he know the language or culture or the political situation. He also does not know if there are any psychologists living in that nation. Understanding attitudes about foods in this nation may help with people with eating disorders in Professor Plum’s country and eventually may help people with eating disorders in many nations.
As you consider Professor Plum’s research, think about the impact of his plans on human subject protection. Also, consider the ethical implications of the aims of his research purposes and his ability to gain information that will accurately represent those from whom he collects data.
Before Professor Plum begins his research,
post
and explain some of the potential ethical issues he will need to consider (i.e., impact on human subject protection) and why this is an important consideration. Further explain two ethical issues and suggest what courses of action might be appropriate.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Haffejee, S., & Theron, L. (2018). Contextual risks and resilience enablers in South Africa: The case of Precious. In G. Rich & S. Sirikantraporn (Eds.),
Human strengths and resilience: Developmental, cross-cultural, and international perspectives
(pp. 87–104).Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Credit Line: Human Strengths and Resilience: Developmental, Cross-Cultural, and International Perspectives, by Rich, G.; Sirikantraporn, S. Copyright 2018 by Lexington Books. Reprinted by permission of Lexington Books via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Ice, G.H., Dufour, D. L., & Stevens, N. J. (2015).
Disasters in field research: Preparing for and coping with unexpected events.
New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield.
Credit Line: Disasters in Field Research: Preparing for and Cop.
Discussion 2Locate current or proposed legislation, city rul.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion 2
Locate current or proposed legislation, city rules, or ordinances that have the potential to affect the environment in your area. Summarize the legislation and draw conclusions about the impact legislation will have on environmental practices.
GUIDELINES
Visit the website of a legislative body that has the ability to create rules, codes, or ordinances that impact the environment. Examples of these types of agencies include: Green Dallas, Fort Worth Environmental Management Department, Texas House of Representatives Committee on Environmental Regulation, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Select one piece of legislation (or rule, or ordinance), either proposed or actual, and summarize it for the class. Ideally, you should select legislation that will directly impact your community.
· Review the discussion board prior to selecting a proposal or prior to posting your message to the discussion board in order to avoid duplicating resources.
· List the title of the legislative bill, rule, or ordinance. Include the title of the legislative body that drafted, proposed, or authorized the legislation.
· Summarize the environmental legislation in one or two paragraphs. Identify key concepts included in the legislation.
· In your opinion, what is the potential or realized impact of this legislation on the community?
· Do you agree or disagree with the legislation? Support your answer.
· Your original post should consist of complete sentences and should be at least two complete paragraphs but no more than three paragraphs.
.
Discussion 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Methods .docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Discussion 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Methods in Cross-Cultural Research
In cross-cultural psychology research, a broad range of techniques is utilized to determine the best way to access critical data. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, laboratory experiments may offer great control and ability to examine issues of cause and effect, but may not always reflect actual real-world conditions, especially in cross cultural situations. As an additional example, long term field work and interviews conducted by living in a given cultural setting for a year or two, may offer the possibility of many nuanced observations, yet such qualitative work will not lead to statistical or experimental designs. Each method tends to have pros and cons, rather than one method being the "right" one for every situation. For this Discussion, you will explore the advantages and disadvantages of using different research methods in cross-cultural research.
Post
and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of quantitative research for cross-cultural psychology. Then, describe one advantage and one disadvantage of qualitative research for cross-cultural psychology. Use examples from the studies provided to support your thinking.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Karasz, A., & Singelis, T. M. (2009). Qualitative and mixed methods research in cross-cultural psychology: Introduction to the special issue.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40
(6), 909–916
Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2009). A typology of mixed methods research designs.
Quality and Quantity, 43
(2), 265–275. doi:10.1007/s11135-007-9105-3
Malda, M., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., Srinivasan, K., Transler, C., Sukumar, P., & Rao, K. (2008). Adapting a cognitive test for a different culture: An illustration of qualitative procedures.
Psychology Science Quarterly, 50
(4), 451–468.
Miller, K. E., Omidian, P., Quraishy, A. S., Quraishy, N., Nasiry, M. N., Nasiry, S.,... & Yaqubi, A. A. (2006). The Afghan symptom checklist: A culturally grounded approach to mental health assessment in a conflict zone.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76
(4), 423–433.
Rich, G., Sirikantraporn, S., & Jean-Charles, W. (2018). The concept of posttraumatic growth in an adult sample from Port-Au-Prince, Haiti: A mixed methods study. In G. Rich & S. Sirikantraporn (Eds.),
Human strengths and resilience: Developmental, cross-cultural, and international Perspectives
(pp. 21–38).Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Credit Line: International Differences in Well-Being, by Diener, J.; Helliwell, J. ; Kahneman, D. Copyright 2010 by Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2009). Types of comparative studies in cross-cultural psychology.
Online readings in psychology and culture, 2
(2), pp.1–12.
Credit Line: Fons J. R. van de Vijver. (2009). Types of Comparative Studies in Cross.
Intermediate Accounting II Discussion QuestionImagine you are t.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Intermediate Accounting II Discussion Question:
Imagine you are the senior accountant in the Fixed Assets department at your organization, and management is undecided as to whether it should construct its fixed assets or purchase such assets from an outside source. You are responsible for preparing a report to management, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of self-constructed assets. Suggest to management two (2) advantages of purchasing the assets from an outside organization, as opposed to constructing the assets internally. Justify your response.
Imagine that management is considering a nonreciprocal transfer of an old asset. Determine the key arguments for and against the accounting treatment of a nonreciprocal transfer. Select a position for or against the accounting treatment, and explain the method that reflects the best accounting practice.
.
Interaction Paper 1 InstructionsFor this Interaction Paper, yo.docxJeniceStuckeyoo
Interaction Paper 1 Instructions
For this Interaction Paper, you will choose a topic from the list below and write a 7–8-page paper based on methods of conflict resolution.
You will be required to show your understanding of issues that cause conflict and the methods/resources being used today towards specific resolution.
Special permission to choose and write on a topic not included on the list may be secured from the instructor.
Area 1 Topics
Area 1 topics are about conflict and are theoretical in nature.
Your interaction paper should:
Clearly define your purpose and clarify a specific question to answer.
Your purpose should be general in nature and serve to prompt a more specific question that you will attempt to answer.
For example, using the “Hillary Clinton as Peace Maker” topic, the purpose might be to explore how world leaders act as intermediaries to achieve diplomacy.
The specific question could be, “How has Hillary Clinton made attempts to maintain peace between the U.S. and hostile countries like North Korea and Iran?”
Specify a method for how you will accomplish your purpose and answer your question.
This step is a preview of your research, and you will briefly indicate the tools you used
to conduct your study.
You may use any number of methods: surveying literature or journal articles, conducting surveys, studying historical cases, etc.
Demonstrate your research.
In this section, you will provide the details of your research process.
Your input here should comprise the majority of your content.
Draw some conclusions you reached.
In this section, you will answer the question you posed in Step 1.
Summarize the results of your research.
Give recommendations for further study.
Choose your topic from the list below:
·
The Biblical mandate for resolving conflict
·
Interpersonal Conflict and the Scriptures
·
Examples of IP conflict between man and God and man and man in Scripture.
·
The importance and significance of “forgiveness” in resolving conflict.
·
Techniques that may be used for international conflict reconciliation
·
Jimmy Carter as Peace Maker
·
Condoleezza Rice as Conflict Resolver
·
Bill Clinton as Conflict Resolver
·
President Obama as Conflict Resolver
·
Negotiation
·
Kissinger as Effective Negotiator
·
Hillary Clinton as Conflict Resolver
·
Mediation and conflict resolution in job disputes
·
Barriers to Conflict Resolution
·
Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution
·
Business Management Methods of Handling Conflict.
·
The Functions of Conflict
·
Dealing with Racism as conflict
·
Dealing with Gender as conflict
·
Dealing with
Multicultural conflicts
·
Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Conflict
·
Social-Psychological Perspectives of Conflict
·
Conflict Climates
·
Stress and Conflict Affects
·
Anger and Conflict Affects
·
Confrontation and Conflict
·
Listening and Conflict
·
The Church as a Stimulus for Peacemaking
·
.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. BMAL501
Summation Assignment Instructions
Overview
The Summation Assignment tests the student’s ability to look at
three groups; leadership, management, and followership, and
how these three groups’ collaboration efforts are affected in
their place of employment or have been affected in one of their
previous places of employment.
The assignment will also allow students to reflect on how
stress/burnout and replenishment have affected their leadership
in the past or in their current job. This can be a personal
situation the student has gone through or a situation that another
employee (boss, colleague, subordinate) has gone through that
affected the student’s leadership.
The student will use the concepts learned throughout the course
to propose how changes in management and leadership styles
could improve their current employment situation, or a previous
employment situation. Some factors that should be considered
are stress, replenishment, handling crises, selflessness,
integrity, courage, wisdom, authority, responsibility,
accountability, teamwork, vision, power types, ethics,
communication differences, style of leaders or managers, lack
of biblical beliefs, etc., or other factors that were discussed
during the term. Whereas many of these concepts can affect
leadership, management, and followership groups and their
collaboration efforts, students will select 2-3 factors that the
student believes had the most impact from their past experience.
These factors will be discussed in detail in the summation.
Factors selected:
2. Responsibility
Accountability
Handling a Crisis
Instructions
Students will write an 1100-1300 word paper. There will be a
title page and a reference page, but no abstract.
The assignment will include a minimum of the following
headings:
Title page
· Summation Assignment
· A short introduction/overview of the paper
· Concepts Affecting My Company
· A few important concepts you have learned from the textbook
readings, presentations, and website and article readings. Use a
different subheading for each concept.
· In the discussion of each concept, include why you believe
these are or were the most important for your organization to
consider.
· Include your recommendations for change for each concept
presented
· Provide biblical concepts that integrate with concepts learned
from the readings.
· Concepts Affecting My Leadership
(stress/burnout/replenishment)
· This can be a personal situation the student has gone through
or a situation that another employee has gone through that
affected you
· Conclusion
3. · A short review of the concepts discussed.
· References – minimum 4 total (*provided bellow)
Use references to support your recommendations for change or
to integrate a leadership/management theory with the situation
being explored.
· 3 scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles from the University
Online Library:
· 1 reference from one of the class textbooks:
Each post will be written in current APA format, use peer-
reviewed scholarly journal articles and text references, and must
also be written in a substantive manner without fragmented
sentences, spelling errors, grammar mistakes, and APA
formatting errors.
· Perform academic research to support your ideas by finding
and utilizing 3 peer-reviewed sources in addition to assigned
course readings in the text. Research should be performed in the
Liberty University Online Library to ensure that peer-reviewed
scholarly journal articles are chosen.
· Use current APA format.
· Write at graduate-level quality.
· The title page and reference list are not counted in the 1100-
1300 word count requirement.
Rubric:
4. Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the
Turnitin plagiarism tool.
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 1
Created by Christy Owen of Liberty University’s Online
Writing Center
[email protected]; last date modified: November 7, 2021
Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral
Students
Claudia S. Sample
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
5. Author Note
Claudia S. Sample (usually only included if author has an
ORCID number)
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to
Claudia S. Sample.
Email: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 2
Table of Contents
(Only Included for Easy Navigation; Hyperlinked for Quick
Access)
Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral
Students .................................... 6
Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing
...............................................................................................
6. .... 7
Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7
.............................................................................................
8
Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract
..................................................................................... 9
Basic Formatting Elements
...............................................................................................
............ 10
Font
...............................................................................................
.................................... 10
Line Spacing
...............................................................................................
...................... 10
Spaces After Punctuation
...............................................................................................
... 11
Footnotes
...............................................................................................
............................ 11
Heading Levels—Level 1
...............................................................................................
.............. 11
Level 2 Heading
...............................................................................................
................. 12
7. Level 3 Heading
...............................................................................................
..... 13
Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a
period, one
space, and begin your content on the same line as shown here.
....................................... 13
Level 5 Heading
............................................................................ 13
Specific Elements of Academic Papers
........................................................................................ 13
Tables of Contents and Outlines
....................................................................................... 13
Annotated Bibliographies
...............................................................................................
.. 14
Appendices
...............................................................................................
......................... 14
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 3
8. Crediting Your
Sources...................................................................................
.............................. 15
Paraphrasing and Direct Quotes
........................................................................................ 15
Paraphrasing
...............................................................................................
........... 16
Block Quotes
...............................................................................................
.......... 16
How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph
......................................................... 17
Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication
........................................................................ 17
Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations
....................................................... 17
Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
.......................................................... 18
Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name
.................................. 18
Three or More Authors Cited In-Text
............................................................................... 18
Number of Authors in the Reference List
......................................................................... 19
9. Numbers
...............................................................................................
......................................... 19
Displaying Titles of Works in-Text
..............................................................................................
19
Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources
................................................................................. 20
Personal Communications
...............................................................................................
............. 20
Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and
Plays) ........................................ 21
Bible and other Classical Works
....................................................................................... 21
Plays
...............................................................................................
................................... 22
Lectures and PowerPoints
...............................................................................................
.............. 22
Dictionary Entries
...............................................................................................
.......................... 23
Changes in Reference Entries
...............................................................................................
........ 23
10. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 4
Electronic Sources
...............................................................................................
......................... 24
Adding Color
...............................................................................................
................................. 24
Self-Plagiarism
...............................................................................................
............................... 25
Final Formatting Tweaks
...............................................................................................
............... 26
Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful
Resources ....................................... 26
Conclusion
...............................................................................................
..................................... 29
References
...............................................................................................
...................................... 30
11. Appendix
...............................................................................................
........................................ 40
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 5
Abstract
Begin your abstract at the left margin. This is the only
paragraph that should not be indented.
Unless otherwise instructed, APA recommends an abstract be no
more than 250 words. It should
generally not contain any citations or direct quotes. This should
be a tight, concise summary of
the main points in your paper, not a step-by-step of what you
plan to accomplish in your paper.
Avoid phrases such as “this paper will,” and just structure your
sentences to say what you want
to say. The following three sentences exemplify a good abstract
style: There are many
12. similarities and differences between the codes of ethics for the
ACA and the AACC. Both include
similar mandates in the areas of ----, ---, and ---. However, each
differs significantly in the areas
of ---, ---, and ---. For more detailed information, see “Writing
an Abstract” at
https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/
Writing_an_Abstract_Revised_2012.pdf (note that you would
not include any links in your
abstract). This is just now at 168 words, so eyeball how brief
your abstract must be. Think of
your paper as a movie you want to sound enticing, and the
abstract as the summary of the plot
you would share to draw people’s interest into wanting to come
and see your movie. You want to
really hook and intrigue them. What you have to say is
important! Remember to stay under 250,
words. Keywords highlight the search terms someone would use
to find your paper in a database.
Keywords: main words, primary, necessary, search terms
https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised
_2012.pdf
https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
13. content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised
_2012.pdf
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 6
Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral
Students
The title of your paper goes on the top line of the first page of
the body (American
Psychological Association [APA], 2019, section 2.11). It should
be centered, bolded, and in title
case (all major words—usually those with four+ letters—should
begin with a capital letter)—see
p. 51 of your Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association: Seventh Edition
(APA, 2019; hereinafter APA-7). It must match the title that is
on your title page (see last line on
p. 32). As shown in the previous sentence, use brackets to
denote an abbreviation within
parentheses (bottom of p. 159). Write out the full name of an
entity or term the first time
mentioned before using its acronym (see citation in first
sentence in this paragraph), and then use
14. the acronym throughout the body of the paper (section 6.25).
There are many changes in APA-7. One to mention here is that
APA-7 allows writers to
include subheadings within the introductory section (APA,
2019, p. 47). Since APA-7 now
regards the title, abstract, and term “References” to all be
Level-1 headings, a writer who opts to
include headings in his or her introduction must begin with
Level-2 headings as shown above
(see section 2.27) for any divisions within the introductory
section.
If you do choose to include headings in your introduction
section (which is optional), be
sure to include two or more subheadings, since APA (2019)
forbids stand-alone heading levels.
A second notable change in APA-7 is that writers are no longer
required to cite their source every
single sentence that content from it is mentioned (section 8.1).
As demonstrated in this paper,
since all of the content (other than the examples included for
illustration and reference-entry
variation purposes) comes directly from the APA-7 itself,
citations to the APA-7 are only
included for the first instance in each paragraph. Section and/or
15. page numbers are included
parenthetically throughout for the sake of students who desire to
know exactly where the stated
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 7
rule appears in the APA-7 itself. In your academic papers,
however, it is critical to include the
required author(s) and year, as applicable, for all citations that
are included; this may include
more than one citation for each resource per paragraph, as
required to avoid any confusion about
the source of that content.
Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing
Most beginning students have difficulty learning how to write
papers and also format
papers correctly using the seventh edition of the APA manual.
However, the Liberty University
Online Writing Center’s (OWC) mission includes helping
students learn how to be autonomous,
proficient writers. The OWC also provides students with
templates to help them with basic
16. formatting elements, but this sample paper is designed to help
graduate and doctoral students
learn to master APA rules and formatting on their own, which
will prove helpful as they progress
in their studies and work toward future publication in scholarly
journals.
For the purpose of instruction, this paper will use second person
(you, your), but third
person (this author) must be used in most student papers. Fi rst
person (I, me, we, us, our) is not
generally permitted in academic papers. Students should refrain
from using first or second person
in college courses (even though the APA manual encourages
this in other writing venues) unless
the assignment instructions clearly permit such (as in the case
of personal reflection sections or
life histories). If in doubt, students should clarify with their
professors.
APA-7 delineates separate rules and guidelines between
“student” and “professional”
writers (APA, 2019). Because a primary purpose of graduate
and doctoral studies is to prepare
those students to publish professionally, Liberty University has
decided to have undergraduate
17. students follow APA-7’s guidelines for “student papers,” and
graduate/doctoral students follow
APA-7’s guidelines for “professional papers.” Separate
templates are available for each level.
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 8
This sample paper illustrates and discusses the rules and
formatting of professional papers, as
required for all Liberty University graduate and doctoral
courses using APA-7 style.
Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7
Most of these changes will be discussed in more detail below;
this is just a very brief
overview here. APA-7 reverts back to only one space after
closing punctuation in the body of the
paper (APA-6 required two spaces; APA, 2019, section 6.1).
Student (undergraduate) papers no
longer include a running head or abstract (sections 2.2 and 2.8);
professional (graduate/doctoral)
papers require an abstract but the running head is now the same
on all pages (the added phrase
18. “Running head:” from APA-6 has been eliminated; see section
2.8). Title pages are different for
both student and professional formats. The title of a paper is no
longer limited to 12 words
(section 2.4).
Citations of all resources with three or more authors now use
the first author’s last name
and the term et al. (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Reference entries
must name up to the first 19
authors before adding an ampersand and ellipsis (up from APA-
6’s six authors; section 9.8).
APA-7 omits the phrase DOI and instead standardizes DOIs to
be presented in hyperlink format
(i.e., https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386; section
9.35). Formatting guidelines for
annotated bibliographies are included in APA-7 (section 9.51),
as well as expanded and
standardized reference entry examples. As discussed above, it is
no longer necessary to cite a
source every single time you refer to content gleaned from it as
long as it is clear the content
comes from that source (section 8.1); APA-7 also expanded the
specific location noted in the
19. citation to include page, paragraph, section (as used throughout
this sample paper, to direct the
student to the exact relevant content), chapter, timestamp, etc.
(section 8.13).
APA-7 allows for “self-plagiarism” (clarified and defined
below). It also invites writers to
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 9
highlight the most relevant work first, rather than just present
all works in alphabetical order
(APA, 2019, section 8.12).
Heading-level formatting has changed, and APA-7 provides
more flexibility in font and
line spacing (APA, 2019). The Bible must now be included in
the reference list and its citations
must include the editor’s details and year (section 8.28); there
are also new rules for dictionary
entries. Publisher city and state details are omitted from all
reference entries except those
involving presentations or conferences, as is the phrase
“retrieved from.” Hyperlinks should be
20. live, but they may be either presented as blue underlining or
plain black text.
Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract
APA (2019) delineates separate formatting requirements for
what it terms “student” and
“professional” papers. Its descriptions for those labels,
however, suggests that it regards
undergraduate-level writing to fall within the student purview,
and graduate/doctoral-level
writing (including dissertations and theses) to fall within the
professional purview. Since a
significant goal in graduate and post-graduate studies is
preparing those students to publish in
scholarly journals at and beyond graduation, it makes sense to
train those students in the
formatting that is required for professionals. As such, Liberty
University has opted to require the
APA-7’s “student” version format for all undergraduate
assignments using APA, and its
“professional” version for all graduate and doctoral
assignments. To that end, this being the
sample paper for professional formatting, it includes the
additional elements required for such: a
running head (same on all pages), an author’s note, and an
21. abstract. Graduate and doctoral
students will use this format. Note that the first “paragraph”
under the author’s note is generally
only included if the author has an ORCID number, which most
students will not have. However,
it is included in this sample paper and the corresponding
template because the purpose of these
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 10
resources is to prepare students to publish manuscripts post-
graduation. The student’s full
address, however, is intentionally omitted from the Liberty
University template and this sample
paper for privacy and safety reasons, since student papers are
often unfortunately published
online and disclosing their home addresses could pose safety
risks.
Basic Formatting Elements
Font
APA-7 does not prescribe a specific font or size (APA, 2019,
section 2.19) but rather
22. allows for some choice (e.g., 12-point Times New Romans, 11-
point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 11-
point Georgia, or 10-point Lucinda Sans Unicode). Most
journals and academic institutions will
have a preference, however, as even APA-7 acknowledges on p.
44. For this reason—and
because font size can easily be changed if an editor interested in
publishing a student’s work
prefers a different font—Liberty University recommends that
students use 12-point Times New
Romans or 11-point Calibri font for the body text in all
academic papers. Data in charts, figures,
and tables should be presented in 8- to 14-point size in either
Calibri, Arial, or Lucinda Sans
Unicode font. Students are not permitted to use any fonts such
as script, calligraphy, poster,
decorative, or others not found in published scholarly journals.
Since APA-7 itself authorizes a
variety of fonts and sizes, assignments will be gauged by word
count rather than page count.
Word count constitutes the number of words within the body of
the paper, and excludes the title
page, abstract, reference list, appendices, and other
supplemental resources.
23. Line Spacing
APA-7 adds extra/blank lines on the title page (APA, 2019,
sections 2.5, 2.7, 2.21). It also
specifies that spacing in tables and figures may be single-, 1-
1/2-, or double-spaced; equations
can be triple- or quadruple-spaced. Footnotes, when used at the
bottom of a page, should be
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 11
single-spaced (section 2.21).
Spaces After Punctuation
APA-7 reverts back to just one space after closing punctuation
in the body of the paper, as
well as in reference entries (APA, 2019, section 6.1).
Ordinarily, it would be improper to have a
paragraph with only one sentence, though APA itself asserts
that for its purposes “sentences and
paragraphs of any length are technically allowed.”1
Footnotes
24. This leads to another new rule in APA-7, one allowing the
inclusion of footnotes (APA,
2019, section 2.13). Footnotes should be use very sparingly and
are appropriate to include
information such as that in the prior section to alert the reader
to supplemental material that is
available online for that thought. Though APA-7 authorizes
placement of footnote content either
at the bottom of the page (as in this sample paper) or on a
separate page after the reference list
(section 2.21), Liberty University recommends that student
place them, when used, at the bottom
of the page, as shown here.
Heading Levels—Level 1
This sample paper uses primarily two levels of headings (Levels
1 and 2). APA style,
however, has five heading levels, which will be demonstrated
briefly for visual purposes. See
section 2.27 of your APA-7 (APA, 2019) for more details on
heading levels and formatting. In
APA-7, all heading levels are now bolded and in title case
(capitalize each major word—usually
those with four or more letters, including hyphenated compound
words). Do not capitalize
25. articles (a, an, the) in headings unless they begin a title or
follow a colon. Level 1 headings are
centered, with the content falling on the line beneath each, in
standard paragraph format.
1 See https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/05/index.html
https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/05/index.html
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 12
Many students misunderstand that you progress from Level 1 to
Level 2 to Level 3 to
Level 4 to Level 5, but that is not correct. In fact, your paper
may have only Level 1 headings, or
just Levels 1 and 2. The rule of thumb is that you must have at
least two of each heading level
that you use, otherwise omit that heading level.
Headings are basically styling ways of organizing your paper,
without using an outline
format. APA specifies five levels of headings; you would likely
never use Level 5 and only very
rarely use Level 4 as a student. Think of each level as the
26. different levels in an outline. Roman
numerals, for example, would be Level 1 headings. Capital
letters would be Level 2 headings.
Numerals would be Level 3 headings. Lowercase letters would
be Level 4. And lowercase
Roman numerals would be Level 5. You must always have two
or more of each subheading, but
you do not need every level. You start with Level 1 and work
down from that (but not
consecutive 1-2-3-4-5). Under a Level 1, you would either have
two+ Level 2 headings or none
at all (just one big section in paragraphs before the next Level 1
section).
Special note about conclusion sections: Please note that some of
the sample papers
published by APA to demonstrate proper APA-7 format
(including the “professional” sample on
pp. 50-60 of the APA-7 manual) depict the “Conclusion” section
with a Level-2 heading. This is
limited to empirical papers that are being submitted for
publication in scholarly journals, as those
conclusions pertain to the “Discussion” sections in such papers
and are not conclusions of the
overall papers themselves. Conclusions in academic papers at
27. Liberty University will be Level 1
headings (including dissertations and theses, which are divided
by chapters, unlike journal article
manuscripts).
Level 2 Heading
Level 2 headings are left-justified (APA, 2019, p. 48). The
supporting information is
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 13
posed in standard paragraph form beneath it. Never use only one
of any level of heading. You
must use two or more of any level you use, though not every
paper will require more than one
level. The heading levels are simply demonstrated here for
visual purposes, but you would
always have two or more of each under a larger heading, as
shown throughout all the other
sections of this sample paper.
Level 3 Heading
Level 3 headings are bolded, left-justified, and italicized; the
28. content falls on the line
underneath, as with Levels 1 and 2.
Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a
period, one space, and begin
your content on the same line as shown here.
Level 5 Heading. Same as Level 4, but also italicized. Despite
heavy writing experience,
this author has never used Level 5 headings.
Specific Elements of Academic Papers
Tables of Contents and Outlines
APA (2019) does not regulate every type of paper and some
elements in various
assignments are not addressed in the APA-7 manual, including
outlines and tables of content. In
those cases, follow your professor’s instructions and the gradi ng
rubric for the content and
format of the outline or annotations, and use standard APA
formatting for all other elements
(such as running head, title page, body, reference list, 1"
margins, double-spacing, permitted
font, etc.). Note that most academic papers will not require a
table of contents, nor would one be
29. appropriate. One was included in this paper simply for ease-of-
access so students could go
directly to the content they want to see. Generally speaking, no
table of contents would be
necessary for papers less than 20 pages of content, unless
otherwise required by your professor.
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 14
That being said, when organizing outlines in APA format, set
your headings up in the
proper levels (making sure there are at least two subheadings
under each level), and then use
those to make the entries in the outline. As discussed above,
Level 1 headings become uppercase
Roman numerals (I, II, III), Level 2 headings become capital
letters (A, B, C), Level 3 headings
become numbers (1, 2, 3), Level 4 headings become lowercase
letters (a, b, c), and Level 5
headings become lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii). Many
courses now require “working
outlines,” which are designed to have the bones and
foundational framework of the paper in
30. place (such as title page, abstract, body with title,
outline/heading divisions, supporting content
with citations, and references), without the full “meat” that fills
out and forms a completed paper.
Annotated Bibliographies
Many Liberty University courses also now require students to
prepare and submit an
annotated bibliography as a foundational step to building a
research paper. There is significant
merit in these assignments, as they teach students to critique the
resources they have found and
rationalize why each is relevant for their paper’s focus. APA
(2019) includes a section on
annotated bibliographies (9.51; see the example provided on p.
308). The appendix attached to
this sample paper also includes a sample annotated
bibliography.
Appendices
Appendices, if any, are attached after the reference list (APA,
2019, section 2.14). You
must refer to them (i.e., “callout”) in the body of your paper so
that your reader knows to look
there (see the yellow-highlighted callouts to Table 1 on p. 54
31. and to Footnote 1 on p. 55 of your
APA-7 for visuals on how this should appear in your paper).
The word “Appendix” is singular;
use it to refer to individual appendices. APA-7 regards it as a
Level 1 heading so it should be
bolded. I attached a sample Annotated Bibliography as a visual
aid (see Appendix). You will see
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 15
that I included the title “Appendix” at the top of the page and
formatted it in standard APA
format beneath that. Because I only included one appendix, it is
simply titled as such. If there are
more appendices, assign a letter to each and denote each by
that: “Appendix A” and “Appendix
B.”
Crediting Your Sources
Paraphrasing and Direct Quotes
Paraphrasing is rephrasing another’s idea in one’s own words by
changing the wording
32. sufficiently without altering the meaning (remember not to just
change a word here or there or
rearrange the order of the original source’s wording). Quoting is
using another’s exact words.
Both need to be cited; failure to do so constitutes plagiarism.
Include the author(s) and year for
paraphrases, and the author(s), year, and page or paragraph
number for direct quotes. APA-7 also
expands this to include figure number, time stamp, etc.—
whatever detail is necessary to get the
reader directly to that content. Page numbers should be used for
any printed material (books,
articles, etc.), and paragraph numbers should be used in the
absence of page numbers (online
articles, webpages, etc.; see APA, 2019, section 8.13). Use p.
for one page and pp. (not italicized
in your paper) for more than one (section 8.25). Use para. for
one paragraph and paras. (also not
italicized in your paper) for two or more (section 8.28). For
example: (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012,
pp. 12–13) or (Liberty University, 2019, para. 8). Section 8.23
of the APA (2019) manual
specifies that it is not necessary to include a page or paragraph
number for paraphrases (just for
33. direct quotes), but writers may choose to do so to help their
readers find that content in the cited
resource.
When naming authors in the text of the sentence itself (called a
narrative citation), use the
word “and” to connect them. For example, Perigogn and Brazel
(2012) contemplated that . . .
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 16
Use an ampersand (&) in place of the word “and” in
parenthetical citations and reference lists:
(Perigogn & Brazel, 2012).
Paraphrasing
Only use quotes when the original text cannot be said as well in
your own words or
changing the original wording would change the author’s
meaning. You cannot simply change
one word and omit a second; if you paraphrase, the w ording
must be substantially different, but
with the same meaning. Regardless, you would need to cite the
resource you took that
34. information from. For example, Benoit et al. (2010) wrote that
“although, a link between
attachment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms
has been established, the
mechanisms involved in this link have not yet been identified”
(p. 101). A paraphrase for that
quote might be: A link between dysfunctional attachment and
the development of PTSD has
been made, though there is insufficient data to determine
exactly how this mechanism works
(Benoit et al., 2010).
Block Quotes
Quotes that are 40 or more words must be blocked, with the left
margin of the entire
quote indented ½ inch. Maintain double-spacing of block
quotes. APA prefers that you introduce
quotes but note that the punctuation falls at the end of the direct
quote, with the page number
outside of that (which is contrary to punctuation for non-
blocked quotes). For example, Alone
(2008) claims:2
Half of a peanut butter sandwich contains as much bacteria as
the wisp of the planet
35. Mars. Thus, practicality requires that Mrs. Spotiker nibble one
bit at a time until she is
assured that she will not perish from ingesting it too quickly.
(p. 13)
2 Note that there are no quotation marks for block quotes, as
shown in the example.
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 17
Usually quotes within quotes use single quotation marks;
however, use double quotation marks
for quotes within blocked quotes, since there are no other
quotation marks involved. Also
understand that direct quotes should be used sparingly in
scholarly writing; paraphrasing is much
preferred in APA format (APA, 2019, section 8.23), as it
demonstrates that you read, understood,
and assimilated other writers’ content into one cohesive whole.
How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph
As already mentioned above, APA’s (2019) new official rule is
that you no longer must
36. cite your source every single time you refer to material you
gleaned from it (section 8.1). It is
now acceptable to cite your source the first time you refer to
content from it in your paragraph,
and then not again in that same paragraph unless your phrasing
does not make the source of your
content clear. This is demonstrated throughout this sample
paper.
Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication
That being said, APA (2019) has clarified its special rule that
excludes the year of
publication in subsequent narrative in-text citations (when you
name the authors in the text of the
sentence itself), after the first narrative citation in each
paragraph. It should continue to appear in
all parenthetical citations (see section 8.16). For example,
Alone (2008) portrays imagery of Mrs.
Spotiker. This includes her devouring a peanut butter sandwich
(Alone, 2008). Alone conveys
this through the lens of astronomy. Note that the year of
publication was omitted from the second
narrative citation (underlined for visual purposes).
Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations
37. If the material you cited was referred to in multiple resources,
separate different sets of
authors with semicolons, arranged in the order they appear
(alphabetically by the first author’s
last name) in the reference list (i.e., Carlisle, n.d.-a; Prayer,
2015) (APA, 2019, section 8.12).
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 18
APA-7 now invites writers to prioritize or highlight one or more
sources as most prominent or
relevant for that content by placing “those citations first within
parentheses in alphabetical order
and then insert[ing] a semicolon and a phrase, such as ‘see
also,’ before the first of the remaining
citations” (APA., 2019, p. 263)—i.e., (Cable, 2013; see also
Avramova, 2019; De Vries et al.,
2013; Fried & Polyakova, 2018). Periods are placed after the
closing parenthesis, except with
indented (blocked) quotes.
Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
38. Authors with more than one work published in the same year are
distinguished by lower-
case letters after the years, beginning with a (APA, 2019,
section 8.19). For example, Double
(2008a) and Double (2008b) would refer to resources by the
same author published in 2008.
When a resource has no date, use the term n.d. followed by a
dash and the lowercase letter (i.e.,
Carlisle, n.d.-a and Carlisle, n.d.-b; see APA, 2019, section
8.19).
Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name
Citations in the body of the paper should include only the last
names, unless you have
two or more resources authored by individuals with the same
last name in the same year (or are
citing a personal communication). When there are two different
authors with the same last name
but different first names who published in the same year,
include the first initials: Brown, J.
(2009) and Brown, M. (2009) (APA, 2019, section 8.20).
Three or More Authors Cited In-Text
When referring to material that comes from three or more
authors, APA-7 now requires
39. that all citations name just the first author’s last name followed
by the words et al. (without
italics) (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Et al. is a Latin abbreviation
for et alii, meaning “and others,”
which is why the word “al.” has a period, whereas “et” does not.
Alone et al. (2011) stipulated
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 19
that peacocks strut. Every single time I refer to their material, I
would apply APA-7’s rule: Alone
et al. (2011) or (Alone et al., 2011). Since et al. denotes plural
authors, the verb must be plural to
match, too: Alone et al. (2011) are… This applies to all
citations within the body of the paper
with three or more authors.
Number of Authors in the Reference List
For resources with 20 or fewer authors in the reference list,
write out all of the authors’
last names with first and middle initials, up to and including the
20th author (APA, 2019, section
9.8). APA-7 has a special rule for resources with 21 or more
40. authors: Write out the first 19
authors’ last names with initials, insert an ellipsis (…) in place
of the ampersand (&), and finish
it with the last name and initials of the last author. See example
#4 provided on page 317 of your
APA-7, as well as this paper’s reference list for visuals of these
variances (Acborne et al. 2011;
Kalnay et al., 1996).
Numbers
Numbers one through nine must be written out in word format
(APA, 2019, section 6.33),
with some exceptions (such as ages—see section 6.32).
Numbers 10 and up must be written out
in numerical format (section 6.32). Always write out in word
format any number that begins a
sentence (section 6.33).
Displaying Titles of Works in-Text
The names of journals, books, plays, and other long works, if
mentioned in the body of
the paper, are italicized in title case (APA, 2019, section 6.17).
Titles of articles, lectures, poems,
chapters, website articles, and songs should be in title case,
encapsulated by quotation marks
41. (section 6.7). The year of publication should follow the author’s
name, whether in narrative or
parenthetical format: Perigogn and Brazel (2012) anticipated…,
or (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012).
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 20
The page or paragraph number must follow after the direct
quote. Second (2015) asserted that
“paper planes can fly to the moon” (p. 13). You can restate that
with a parenthetical citation as:
“Paper planes can fly to the moon” (Second, 2015, p. 13).
Second (2011) is another resource by
the same author in a different year.
Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources
APA (2019) strongly advocates against using secondary
sources; rather, it favors you
finding and citing the original (primary) resource whenever
possible (section 8.6). On the rare
occasion that you do find it necessary to cite from a secondary
source, both the primary (who
42. said it) and secondary (where the quote or idea was mentioned)
sources should be included in the
in-text citation information. If the year of publication is known
for both resources, include both
years in the citation (section 8.6). Only the secondary source
should be listed in the reference
section, however. Use “as cited in” (without the quotation
marks) to indicate the secondary
source. For example, James Morgan hinted that “goat milk
makes the best ice cream” (as cited in
Alone, 2008, p. 117). Morgan is the primary source (he said it)
and Alone is the secondary
source (he quoted what Morgan said). Only the secondary
source is listed in the reference section
(Alone, and not Morgan) because if readers want to confirm the
quote, they know to go to page
117 of Alone’s book.
Personal Communications
APA (2019) rationalizes the exclusion of references for
information obtained through
personal communication (such as an interview, email, telephone
call, postcard, text message, or
letter) in the reference list because your readers will not be able
to go directly to those sources
43. and verify the legitimacy of the material. Instead, these items
are cited only in the body of the
paper. You must include the individual’s first initial, his or her
last name, the phrase “personal
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 21
communication” (without the quotation marks), and the full date
of such communication (section
8.9). As with other citations, such citations may be either
narrative or parenthetical. For example,
L. Applebaum advised him to dip pretzel rolls in cheese fondue
(personal communication, July
13, 2015). The alternative is that he was advised to dip pretzel
rolls in cheese fondue (L.
Applebaum, personal communication, July 13, 2015). Note that
there is no entry for Applebaum
in the reference list below.
Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and
Plays)
These resources should be cited in book format (APA, 2019,
Section 9.42). The Bible and
44. other religious works are generally regarded as having no
author; an annotated version would be
treated as having an editor. Include republished dates as
necessary. The OWC will publish a list
of reference entries for various Bible versions on its APA Quick
Guide webpage.
Bible and other Classical Works
Works such as the Bible, ancient Greek or Roman works, and
other classical works like
Shakespeare must be cited in the body of the paper (APA, 2019,
section 8.28). APA-7 now also
requires that they be included in the reference list, too (section
9.42), which is a significant
change from APA-6. Republished dates are included as well
(see section 9.41). As such, you
would add a parenthetical phrase at the end of your reference
entry with the original publication
details; note that there should be no punctuation following such
parenthetical content at the end
of a reference entry (the reference entries depicting this in the
reference list below are correctly
punctuated).
Citations for the Bible will include the Bible version’s name in
45. the author’s position (as
an anonymous work), original and republished years, and then
the book chapter/verse (spelled
out) in place of the page number (i.e., King James Bible,
1769/2017, Genesis 3:8)—see sections
https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/apa-
guide/
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 22
8.28 and 9.42. Note that APA (2019) requires book titles to be
italicized in every venue,
including citations and reference entries. Because Liberty
University is a distinctly-Christian
institution and many of its courses require biblical integration,
most if not all of its students will
cite the Bible in virtually every course. The examples provided
on pp. 274 and 325 of APA-7 are:
(note the italics in each)
e (1769/2017)
Solomon 8:6)
46. Online.
https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work
published 1769)
Plays
When citing plays, “cite the act, scene, and line(s), in a single
string, separated by
periods. For example, ‘1.3.36-37’ refers to Act 1 Scene 3, Lines
36-37” (APA, 2019, section
8.28; see also example #37 on p. 325).
Lectures and PowerPoints
APA (2019) has expanded and standardized its rules for
citations and reference entries in
an effort to best credit the original sources. It now includes
rules for crediting content in course
or seminar handouts, lecture notes, and PowerPoint
presentations (see #102 on p. 347). When
citing a PowerPoint presentation, include the slide number
rather than the page number. For
purposes of Liberty University course presentations and lectures
(which are not readily available
to the public), reference each as a video lecture with the URL
(if available) for the presentation,
47. naming the presenter(s) in the author’s position. Include the
course number, lecture title, and
enough details for others to identify it within that course, in a
sort of book format, naming
Liberty University as publisher. Peters (2012) is an example of
this in the reference list of this
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 23
paper. If the presenter for a Liberty University class lecture is
not named, credit Liberty
University as the author; see Liberty University (2020) in the
reference list below as an example.
Dictionary Entries
In keeping with its efforts to standardize reference entries, APA
(2019) now requires
citation and referencing of word definitions from dictionaries to
follow the same rules for
chapters in an edited book (see #47 and #48 on p. 328; section
8.13). As such, you will now
name either the individual, group, or corporate author of the
dictionary in the author’s place (e.g.,
48. Merriam-Webster, n.d.). If you searched online, include the
retrieval date and the URL to the
exact webpage. If you used a hard copy book, include the
publisher details. The in-text citation
in the body of the paper would follow standard author/year
format (e.g., Merriam-Webster, n.d.).
Changes in Reference Entries
There are a number of notable changes in APA-7 from past
versions. For the most part,
these simplify and unify the formats to be more consistent
across the different resource venues.
Some of these have already been discussed above (i.e., naming
up to 19 authors’ names before
adding an ellipsis, and crediting authors and editors of classical
works and dictionaries). Other
changes include italicizing names of webpages and website
resources in the reference list (APA,
2019, section 6.22), as well as book titles even when named in
the author’s position (such as
King James Bible). The city and state locations of publishers
are no longer required; only include
those details “for works that are associated with a specific
location, such as conference
presentations” (p. 297, section 9.31). Issue numbers are
49. required for all journal articles that have
such, regardless of what page number each issue begins with
(section 9.25). If two or more
publishers are listed on the copyright page, include all of them
in the order listed, separated by
semicolons (section 9.29). Omit the word Author in the
publisher’s place when it is the same as
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 24
the author (section 9.24).
Electronic Sources
Note that since the APA 6th edition was published in 2010,
great strides have been made
in online and electronic resource accessibility, and APA’s
position on electronic resources has
shifted to embrace this. More and more resources are available
electronically through the
Internet. The advent of this increased availability has resulted
in APA-7’s effort to standardize
the formatting of resources, which in turn simplifies them to
some extent. All reference entries
50. follow the same basic details: Author(s), year of publication,
name of resource, and location
details (i.e., either journal name/volume/issue/page numbers, or
book publisher, or webpage).
APA (2019) requires inclusion of a Digital Object Identifier
(DOI) in the references
whenever available (section 9.34); if not, then a webpage, if
available. In keeping with its
unification of resources, APA-7 now standardizes all DOIs and
URLs to be presented in
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386 format. The
phrase “Retrieved from” is now
excluded except when the content may have changed (such as
dictionary entries, Twitter profiles,
Facebook pages; see section 9.16). APA-7 requires all
hyperlinks to be active (so your reader can
click on one to go directly to that webpage), but they may
appear as either blue-underlined text
or simple black text (section 9.35). There should be no period
after any URL. APA-7 no longer
requires authors to break long URLs with soft returns (hold
down the Shift key and press the
Enter key) at forward slashes, periods, or underscores to avoid
unsightly spacing gaps, but it may
51. be best to do so in academic papers.
Adding Color
Though APA (2019) authorizes writers to include the use of
color in photographs and
figures (section 7.26), Liberty University discourages this in
academic papers. It risks becoming
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 25
distracting for both students in their quest to be creative, and
professors in their quest to focus on
academic content.
Self-Plagiarism
APA (2019) also invites writers to repurpose some of their
work in future papers.
Specifically, APA-7 states that:
In specific circumstances, authors may wish to duplicate their
previously used works
without quotation marks or citation …, feeling that extensive
self-referencing is
52. undesirable or awkward and that rewording may lead to
inaccuracies. When the
duplicated material is limited in scope, this approach is
permissible. (p. 8.3)
APA-7 adds “Do not use quotation marks or block quotation
formatting around your own
duplicated material” (p. 256).
Liberty University, however, has stringent rules against self-
plagiarism, as do many
scholarly journals. Liberty University students receive grades
for their class papers; those who
have received feedback and a grade from a prior professor on a
prior paper have an advantage
over their classmates, both in having the benefit of that
feedback/grade and in not having to write
a whole paper from scratch during the subsequent class. Student
papers are also submitted to
SafeAssign to deter plagiarism. For these reasons, Liberty
University expressly forbids students
using significant portions of a prior paper in a subsequent
course (either a retake of the same
course or a new class altogether). It is conceivable that students
who are building their
53. knowledge base in a subject matter—particularly at the graduate
and post-graduate levels—
would reasonably justify incorporating brief excerpts from past
papers into current ones. In such
case, Liberty University authorizes students to utilize APA-7’s
disclosure (i.e., “I have previously
discussed”), along with a citation to the prior class paper and a
reference entry (i.e., Owen, 2012;
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 26
Yoo et al., 2016). Such self-references and re-use of content
from prior papers should be used
sparingly and disclosed fully in the current paper; that content
should not constitute a significant
portion of any academic assignment, however.
Final Formatting Tweaks
The templates provided by Liberty University are already
formatted with proper spacing,
margins, heading level structure, and hanging indents, as
necessary. With the exceptions of the
title page, figures, and equations, papers in APA format should
54. be double-spaced throughout,
with no extra spacing between lines. Academic papers at Liberty
University should also be in
one of the accepted fonts throughout (recommended: Times New
Romans, 12-point font).
Sometimes when you format your paper or cut-and-paste
material into it, things get skewed. One
quick way to ensure that your paper appears correct in these
regards is to do a final formatting
tweak after you have completed your paper. Hold down the
“Ctrl” button and press the “A” key,
which selects and highlights all of the text in your paper. Then
go to the Home tab in Microsoft
Word and make sure that whichever acceptable font/size you
choose to use is selected in the Font
box. Next, click on the arrow at the bottom of the Paragraph
tab. Set your spacing before and
after paragraphs to “0 pt” and click the “double” line spacing.
The extra spacing required on the
title page is already programmed into the template and should
not change even when you
complete these actions.
Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful
Resources
55. The reference list at the end of this paper includes an example
of a myriad of different
sources and how each is formatted in proper APA-7 format. One
example of each of the primary
types of resources will be included in the reference list, as cited
in the body of this paper.
Remember that, for purposes of this paper only, many of the
sources cited in the body of the
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 27
paper were provided for illustrative purposes only and thus are
fictional, so you will not be able
to locate them if you searched online. Nevertheless, in keeping
with APA-7 style, all resources
cited in the body of the paper are included in the reference list
and vice versa (except for personal
communications, per APA-7’s published exceptions). Be
absolutely sure that every resource cited
in the body of your paper is also included in your reference list
(and vice versa), excepting only
those resources with special rules, such as personal
56. communications and primary sources you
could not access directly.
The reference list in this paper is fairly comprehensive and will
include a book by one
author who also appears as one of many authors in another
resource (Alone, 2008; Alone et al.,
2011); chapters in edited books (Balsam et al., 2019; Haybron,
2008; Perigogn & Brazel, 2012;
Weinstock et al., 2003); electronic version of book (Strong &
Uhrbrock, 1923); electronic only
book (O’Keefe, n.d.); edited books with and without DOIs, with
multiple publishers (Hacker
Hughes, 2017; Schmid, 2017); work in an anthology (Lewin,
1999); journal articles (Andrews,
2016; Carlisle, n.d.-a, n.d.-b; De Vries R. et al., 2013;
McCauley & Christiansen, 2019);
newspaper article (Goldman, 2018; Guarino, 2017); online
webpages (Liberty University, 2019;
Prayer, 2015); resource with corporate author as publisher
(American Psychological Association,
2019); resources by two authors with the same last name but
different first names in the same
year of publication (Brown, J., 2009; Brown, M., 2009); two
resources by same author in the
57. same year (Double, 2008a, 2008b; Carlisle, n.d.-a, n.d.-b); two
resources by the same author in
different years (Second, 2011, 2015); resource with 20 authors
(maximum allowed by APA-7
before special rule applies) (Acborne et al., 2011); resource
with 21 or more authors (Kalnay et
al., 1996); dictionary entries (American Psychological
Association, n.d.; Graham, 2019;
Merriam-Webster, n.d.); Liberty University class lecture using
course details (Peters, 2012);
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 28
PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, not including course details
(Canan & Vasilev, 2019); citing a
student’s paper submitted in a prior class, in order to avoid self-
plagiarism (Owen, 2012);
unpublished manuscript with a university cited (Yoo et al.,
2016); code of ethics (American
Counseling Association, 2014); diagnostic manual (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013);
religious and classical works, including the Bible (Aristotle,
58. 350 BC/1994; King James Bible,
1769/2017; Shakespeare, 1623/1995); dissertation or thesis
(Hollander, 2017; Hutcheson, 2012);
review of a book (Schatz, 2000); video (Forman, 1975); podcast
(Vedentam, 2015); recorded
webinar (Goldberg, 2018); YouTube or other streaming video
(University of Oxford, 2018); clip
art or stock image (GDJ, 2018); map (Cable, 2013); photograph
(McCurry, 1985); data set (Pew
Research Center, 2018); measurement instrument (Friedlander
et al., 2002); manual for a test,
scale, or inventory (Tellegen & Ben-Porah, 2011); test, scale, or
inventory itself (Project
Implicit, n.d.); report by a government agency or other
organization (National Cancer Institute,
2018); report by individual authors at a government agency or
other organization (Fried &
Polyakova, 2018); annual report (U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission, 2017); conference
session (Fistek et al., 2017); and webpages (Avramova, 2019;
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2018; National Nurses United, n.d.; U.S. Census
Bureau, n.d.).
Lastly, below are a few webpages that address critical topics,
59. such as how to avoid
plagiarism and how to write a research paper. Be sure to check
out Liberty University’s Online
Writing Center (https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing-
center/) for more tips and tools, as
well as its Facebook page
(https://www.facebook.com/groups/LUOWritingCenter).
Remember
that these links are only provided for your easy access and
reference throughout this sample
paper, but web links and URLs should never be included in the
body of scholarly papers; just in
the reference list. Writing a research paper
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaa-PTexW2E
https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing-center/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/LUOWritingCenter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaa-PTexW2E%20
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 29
or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNT6w8t3zDY and
avoiding plagiarism
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeCrUINa6nU).
60. Conclusion
The conclusion to your paper should provide your readers with a
concise summary of the
main points of your paper (though not via cut-and-pasted
sentences used above). It is a very
important element, as it frames your whole ideology and gives
your readers their last impression
of your thoughts. Be careful not to introduce new content in
your conclusion.
After your conclusion, if you are not using the template
provided by the Online Writing
Center, insert a page break at the end of the paper so that the
reference list begins at the top of a
new page. Do this by holding down the “Ctrl” key and then
clicking the “Enter” key. You will go
to an entirely new page in order to start the reference list. The
word “References” (not in
quotation marks) should be centered and bolded. Items in the
reference list are presented
alphabetically by the first author’s last name and are formatted
with hanging indents (the
second+ lines of each entry are indented 1/2” from the left
margin). APA authorizes the use of
singular “Reference” if you only have one resource.3 Students
61. would, of course, NOT include
any color-coding or footnotes in their reference entries.
However, for the sake of clarity and
ease in identifying what each entry represents, each one
included in the reference list of this
sample paper is color-coordinated to its corresponding footnote,
with a brief description of what
each depicts.
3 https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/creating-reference-
list.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNT6w8t3zDY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeCrUINa6nU
https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/creating-reference-
list.pdf
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 30
References
Acborne, A., Finley, I., Eigen, K., Ballou, P., Gould, M. C.,
Blight, D., Callum, M., Feist, M.,
Carroll, J. E., Drought, J., Kinney, P., Owen, C., Owen, K.,
Price, K., Harlow, K.,
Edwards, K., Fallow, P., Pinkley, O., Finkel, F., & Gould, P. P.
62. (2011). The emphasis of
the day after tomorrow. Strouthworks. 4
Alone, A. (2008). This author wrote a book by himself. Herald
Publishers. 5
Alone, A., Other, B., & Other, C. (2011). He wrote a book with
others, too: Arrange
alphabetically with the sole author first, then the others. Herald
Publishers. 6
American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of
ethics.
https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center 7
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders
(5th ed.).
https://www.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 8
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Positive
transference. In APA dictionary of
psychology. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from
https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-
transference 9
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication
manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.). 10
63. 4 Resource with 20 authors (maximum allowed by APA before
special rule applies).
5 Entry by author who also appears as one of many authors in
another resource (single author
appears first in list).
6 Multiple authors appear after same single-author resource.
7 Code of ethics.
8 Diagnostic manual.
9 Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with group
author.
10 Resource with corporate author as publisher.
https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center
https://www.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference
https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 31
Andrews, P. M. (2016). Congruence matters. Educational
Leadership, 63(6), 12-15. 11
Aristotle. (1994). Poetics (S. H. Butcher, Trans.). The internet
Classics Archive.
64. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html (Original work
published ca. 350 B.C.E.) 12
Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy,
heathy life? Think age-positive.
CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-
elderly-leads-to-long-life-
intl/index.html 13
Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A.
(2019). Affirmative cognitive
behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G.
Y. Iwamasa & P. A.
Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy:
Practice a supervision
(2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012 14
Benoit, M., Bouthillier, D., Moss, E., Rousseau, C., & Brunet,
A. (2010). Emotion regulation
strategies as mediators of the association between level of
attachment security and PTSD
symptoms following trauma in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress, and
Coping, 23(1), 101-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800802638279
65. Brown, J. (2009). Ardent anteaters. Brockton.
Brown, M. (2009). Capricious as a verb. Journal of Grammatical
Elements, 28(6), 11-12. 15
11 Journal article without DOI, from most academic research
databases or print version.
12 Ancient Greek or Roman work.
13 Webpage on a news website.
14 Chapter in an edited book with DOI.
15 Resources by two authors with the same last name but
different first names in the same year of
publication. Arrange alphabetically by the first initials.
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html
https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-
leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html
https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-
leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html
https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800802638279
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 32
Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of
Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for
66. Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial -
Dot-Map 16
Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on
resource allocation]. Department of
Management Control and Information Systems, University of
Chile. https:// uchilefau.
academia.edu/ElseZCanan 17
Carlisle, M. A. (n.d.-a). Erin and the perfect pitch. Journal of
Music, 21(3), 16-17. http:// make-
sure-it-goes-to-the-exact-webpage-of-the-source-otherwise-
don’t-include 18
Carlisle, M. A. (n.d.-b). Perfect pitch makes sweet music.
Journal of Music, 24(8), 3-6. http://
make-sure-it-goes-to-the-exact-webpage-of-the-source-
otherwise-don’t-include
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23).
People at high risk of
developing flu-related complications.
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm 19
De Vries R., Nieuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the
members of Midwifery Science Work
Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and
independent profession of
67. midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10),
1122-1128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007 20
Double, C. (2008a). This is arranged alphabetically by the name
of the title. Peters.
Double, C. (2008b). This is the second (“the” comes after
“arranged”). Peters. 21
16 Map.
17 PowerPoint slides or lecture notes.
18 Online journal article with a URL and no DOI; also depicts
one of two resources by the same
author with no known publication date.
19 Webpage on a website with a group author.
20 Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and
group authors.
21 Two resources by same author in the same year. Arrange
alphabetically by the title and then
add lowercase letters (a and b, respectively here) to the year.
https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007
68. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 33
Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15).
Everybody’s got a little music in
them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate
[Conference session].
Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United
States.
https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session95
17.html 22
Forman, M. (Director). (1975). One flew over the cuckoo’s nest
[Film]. United Artists. 23
Fried, D., & Polyakova, A. (2018). Democratic defense against
disinformation. Atlantic Council.
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-
reports/report/democratic-defense-
against-disinformation/ 24
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherton, L. (2002). E-
SOFTA: System for observing
family therapy alliances [Software and training videos]
[Unpublished instrument].
http://www.softa-soatif.com/ 25
GDJ. (2018). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art].
69. Openclipart.
https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep-
learning-prismatic 26
Goldberg, J. F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects
[Webinar]. American Psychiatric
Association.
https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.asp x?
ActivityID=6172 27
Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicate calibration
of love, especially in adoption.
22 Conference session.
23 Video.
24 Report by individual authors at a government agency or other
organization.
25 Measurement instrument.
26 Clip art or stock image.
27 Webinar, recorded.
https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session95
17.html
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-
reports/report/democratic-defense-against-disinformation/
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-
reports/report/democratic-defense-against-disinformation/
71. Contemporary approaches. Routledge. 31
Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of
subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J.
Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43).
Guilford Press. 32
Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority:
Methodological innovations and new lessons
from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373)
[Doctoral dissertation,
University of Wisconsin-Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and
Theses Global. 33
Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social
coping strategies of gifted and
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents
[Master’s thesis, The College
28 Newspaper article without DOI, from most academic
research databases or print version
29 Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with
individual author.
30 Online newspaper article.
31 Edited book without a DOI, from most academic research
databases or print version.
72. 32 Book chapter, print version.
33 Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database.
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-
science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-
psychologists-have-some-predictions/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-
science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-
psychologists-have-some-predictions/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-
science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-
psychologists-have-some-predictions/
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 35
of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive.
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272210/ 34
Kalnay, E., Kanimitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D.,
Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S.,
White, G., Whollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W.,
Higgins, W., Janowiak, J.,
Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., … Joseph,
D. (1996). The
NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the
73. American Meteorological
Society, 77(3), 437-471. http://doi.org/ fg6rf9 35
King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online.
https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/
(Original work published 1769) 36
Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold
(Ed.), The complex social
scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader (pp. 265-284). American
Psychological Association.
https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 (Original work published
1948) 37
Liberty University. (2019). The online writing center.
https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/
writing-center/ 38
Liberty University. (2020). BIOL 102: Human biology. Week
one, lecture two: Name of class
lecture. https://learn.liberty.edu 39
34 Thesis or dissertation, from the web (not in a database).
35 Resource with 21 or more authors. Note the ellipse (…) in
place of the ampersand (&).
36 Religious work.
74. 37 Work in an anthology.
38 Online webpage with URL.
39 Liberty University class lecture with no presenter named.
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272210/
http://doi.org/%20fg6rf9
https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010
https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/%20writing-center/
https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/%20writing-center/
https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A
%2F%2Flearn.liberty.edu%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccmowen2%4
0liberty.edu%7Cb709d48eab614c47330308d7f67e8f9c%7Cbaf8
218eb3024465a9934a39c97251b2%7C0%7C0%7C63724889575
8832975&sdata=2kfyvpGtDiu0nVnT%2Fy0%2BUXZcfAi%2FB
AadIm9QwtjT0g8%3D&reserved=0
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 36
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language
learning as language use: A cross-
linguistic model of child language development. Psychological
Review, 126(1), 1-51.
https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 40
McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National
Geographic.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national-
geographic-magazine-50-years-
75. of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg 41
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Heuristic. In Merriam-Webster.com
dictionary. Retrieved 01/02/2020,
from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic 42
National Cancer Institute. (2018). Facing forward: Life after
cancer treatment (NIH Publication
No. 18-2424). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
National Institutes of
Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-
education/life-after-treatment.pdf 43
National Nurses United. (n.d.). What employers should do to
protect nurses from Zika.
https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers-
should-do-to-protect-rns-
from-zika 44
O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values.
http:// www. onlineoriginals.com/
showitem.asp?itemID-135 45
40 Typical journal article with doi.
41 Photograph.
42 Dictionary entry.
76. 43 Report by a government agency or other organization.
44 Webpage on a website with no date.
45 Electronic only book.
https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national-
geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-
714.jpg
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national-
geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-
714.jpg
http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life-
after-treatment.pdf
https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers-
should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika
https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers-
should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 37
Owen, C. (2012, Spring). Behavioral issues resulting from
attachment have spiritual
implications [Unpublished manuscript]. COUN502, Liberty
University. 46
Perigogn, A. U., & Brazel, P. L. (2012). Captain of the ship. In
J. L. Auger (Ed.) Wake up in the
77. dark (pp. 108-121). Shawshank Publications. 47
Peters, C. (2012). COUN 506: Integration of spirituality and
counseling. Week one, lecture two:
Defining integration: Key concepts. Liberty University.
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/defining-integration-key-
concepts/id427907777?i=1000092371727 48
Pew Research Center. (2018). American trend panel Wave 26
[Data set].
https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel-
wave-26 49
Prayer. (2015). http:// www exact-webpage 50
Project Implicit. (n.d.). Gender–Science IAT.
https://implicit.harvard.edu/implici/taketest.html 51
Schatz, B. R. (2000, November 17). Learning by text or
context? [Review of the book The social
life of information, by J. S. Brown & P. Duguid]. Science, 290,
1304.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1304 52
Schmid, H.-J. (Ed.). (2017). Entrenchment and the psychology
of language learning: How we
reorganize ad adapt linguistic knowledge. American
Psychological Association; De
78. 46 Citing a student’s paper submitted in a prior class, in order
to avoid self-plagiarism.
47 Chapter from an edited book.
48 Liberty University class lecture using course details.
49 Data set.
50 Online resource with no named author. Title of webpage is in
the author’s place.
51 Test, scale, or inventory itself.
52 Review of a book.
https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel-
wave-26
https://implicit.harvard.edu/implici/taketest.html
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1304
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 38
Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000 53
Second, M. P. (2011). Same author arranged by date (earlier
first). Journal Name, 8, 12-13.
Second, M. P. (2015). Remember that earlier date goes first.
Journal Name, 11(1), 18. 54
Shakespeare, W. (1995). Much ado about nothing (B. A. Mowat
79. & P. Werstine, Eds.).
Washington Square Press. (Original work published 1623) 55
Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on
job analysis. In L. Outhwaite
(Series Ed.), Personnel research series: Vol. 1, Job analysis and
the curriculum (pp. 140-
146). https://doi.org/10.1037/10762-000 56
Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porah, Y. S. (2011). Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2
Restructured Form (MPI-2-RF): Technical manual. Pearson. 57
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock.
U.S. Department of Commerce.
Retrieved July 3, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock
58
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). Agency
financial report: Fiscal year 2017.
https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf
59
University of Oxford. (2018, December 6). How do geckos walk
on water? [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8 60
53 Edited book with a DOI, with multiple publishers.
80. 54 Two resources by the same author, in different years.
Arrange by the earlier year first.
55 Shakespeare.
56 Electronic version of book chapter in a volume in a series
57 Manual for a test, scale, or inventory.
58 Webpage on a website with a retrieval date.
59 Annual report.
60 YouTube or other streaming video.
https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000
https://doi.org/10.1037/10762-000
https://www.census.gov/popclock
https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 39
Vedentam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio
podcast]. NPR. https://www.npr.org/
series/423302056/hidden-brain 61
Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining
forensic psychiatry: Roles and
responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice of
81. forensic psychiatry (2nd
ed., pp. 7-13). CRC Press. 62
Yoo, J., Miyamoto, Y., Rigotti, A., & Ryff, C. (2016). Linking
positive affect to blood lipids: A
cultural perspective [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of
Psychology, University of
Wisconsin-Madison. 63
61 Podcast.
62 Chapter in an edited book without a DOI, from most
academic research databases or print
version.
63 Unpublished manuscript with a university cited.
https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain
https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 40
Appendix
Annotated Bibliography
Cross, D. & Purvis, K. (2008). Is maternal deprivation the root
82. of all evil? Avances en
Psycologia Latinoamericana, 26(1), 66-81.
Weaving spiritual applications throughout the article, the
authors incorporate a plethora
of references to substantiate that maltreatment has a direct
connection to attachment
disorders. They provide articulate and heavily-supported
reasoning, detailing the specific
causes of maternal deprivation individually and then
incorporating them in a broader
sense to answer the article’s title in the affirmative.
Feldman, R. (2007), Mother-infant synchrony and the
development of moral orientation in
childhood and adolescence: Direct and indirect mechanisms of
developmental continuity.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 582-597.
This longitudinal study tracked 31 Israeli children from ages 3
months to 13 years
(infancy to adolescence). There were direct parallels noted
between increased
attachment/coherence and the child’s moral cognition, empathy
development, and verbal
IQ. Toddlers who were able to regulate their own behavior later
83. proved to excel in lead-
lag structures and language skills.
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 1
Created by Christy Owen of Liberty University’s Online
Writing Center
[email protected]; last date modified: February 7, 2022
Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral
Students
Claudia S. Sample
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
84. Author Note
Claudia S. Sample (usually only included if author has an
ORCID number)
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to
Claudia S. Sample.
Email: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 2
Table of Contents
(Only Included for Easy Navigation; Hyperlinked for Quick
Access)
Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral
Students .................................... 6
Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing
85. ...............................................................................................
.... 7
Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7
.............................................................................................
8
Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract
..................................................................................... 9
Basic Formatting Elements
...............................................................................................
............ 10
Font
...............................................................................................
.................................... 10
Line Spacing
...............................................................................................
...................... 10
Spaces After Punctuation
...............................................................................................
... 11
Footnotes
...............................................................................................
............................ 11
Heading Levels—Level 1
...............................................................................................
.............. 11
Level 2 Heading
...............................................................................................
86. ................. 12
Level 3 Heading
...............................................................................................
..... 13
Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a
period, one
space, and begin your content on the same line as shown here.
....................................... 13
Level 5 Heading
............................................................................ 13
Specific Elements of Academic Papers
........................................................................................ 13
Tables of Contents and Outlines
....................................................................................... 13
Annotated Bibliographies
...............................................................................................
.. 14
Appendices
...............................................................................................
......................... 14
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 3
87. Crediting Your
Sources...................................................................................
.............................. 15
Paraphrasing and Direct Quotes
........................................................................................ 15
Paraphrasing
...............................................................................................
........... 16
Block Quotes
...............................................................................................
.......... 16
How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph
......................................................... 17
Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication
........................................................................ 17
Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations
....................................................... 17
Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
.......................................................... 18
Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name
.................................. 18
Three or More Authors Cited In-Text
............................................................................... 18
Number of Authors in the Reference List
......................................................................... 19
88. Numbers
...............................................................................................
......................................... 19
Displaying Titles of Works in-Text
..............................................................................................
19
Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources
................................................................................. 20
Personal Communications
...............................................................................................
............. 20
Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and
Plays) ........................................ 21
Bible and other Classical Works
....................................................................................... 21
Plays
...............................................................................................
................................... 22
Lectures and PowerPoints
...............................................................................................
.............. 22
Dictionary Entries
....................................................................................... ........
.......................... 23
Changes in Reference Entries
...............................................................................................
89. ........ 23
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 4
Electronic Sources
...............................................................................................
......................... 24
Adding Color
...............................................................................................
................................. 24
Self-Plagiarism
...............................................................................................
............................... 25
Final Formatting Tweaks
...............................................................................................
............... 26
Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful
Resources ....................................... 26
Conclusion
.................................................................................... ...........
..................................... 29
References
...............................................................................................
...................................... 30
90. Appendix
...............................................................................................
........................................ 40
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 5
Abstract
Begin your abstract at the left margin. This is the only
paragraph that should not be indented.
Unless otherwise instructed, APA recommends an abstract be no
more than 250 words. It should
generally not contain any citations or direct quotes. This should
be a tight, concise summary of
the main points in your paper, not a step-by-step of what you
plan to accomplish in your paper.
Avoid phrases such as “this paper will,” and just structure your
sentences to say what you want
to say. The following three sentences exemplify a good abstract
style: There are many
91. similarities and differences between the codes of ethics for the
ACA and the AACC. Both include
similar mandates in the areas of ----, ---, and ---. However, each
differs significantly in the areas
of ---, ---, and ---. For more detailed information, see “Writing
an Abstract” at
https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/
Writing_an_Abstract_Revised_2012.pdf (note that you would
not include any links in your
abstract). This is just now at 168 words, so eyeball how brief
your abstract must be. Think of
your paper as a movie you want to sound enticing, and the
abstract as the summary of the plot
you would share to draw people’s interest into wanting to come
and see your movie. You want to
really hook and intrigue them. What you have to say is
important! Remember to stay under 250,
words. Keywords highlight the search terms someone would use
to find your paper in a database.
Keywords: main words, primary, necessary, search terms
https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised
_2012.pdf
92. https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised
_2012.pdf
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 6
Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral
Students
The title of your paper goes on the top line of the first page of
the body (American
Psychological Association [APA], 2019, section 2.11). It should
be centered, bolded, and in title
case (all major words—usually those with four+ letters—should
begin with a capital letter)—see
p. 51 of your Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association: Seventh Edition
(APA, 2019; hereinafter APA-7). It must match the title that is
on your title page (see last line on
p. 32). As shown in the previous sentence, use brackets to
denote an abbreviation within
parentheses (bottom of p. 159). Write out the full name of an
entity or term the first time
mentioned before using its acronym (see citation in first
sentence in this paragraph), and then use
93. the acronym throughout the body of the paper (section 6.25).
There are many changes in APA-7. One to mention here is that
APA-7 allows writers to
include subheadings within the introductory section (APA,
2019, p. 47). Since APA-7 now
regards the title, abstract, and term “References” to all be
Level-1 headings, a writer who opts to
include headings in his or her introduction must begin with
Level-2 headings as shown above
(see section 2.27) for any divisions within the introductory
section.
If you do choose to include headings in your introduction
section (which is optional), be
sure to include two or more subheadings, since APA (2019)
forbids stand-alone heading levels.
A second notable change in APA-7 is that writers are no longer
required to cite their source every
single sentence that content from it is mentioned (section 8.1).
As demonstrated in this paper,
since all of the content (other than the examples included for
illustration and reference-entry
variation purposes) comes directly from the APA-7 itself,
citations to the APA-7 are only
94. included for the first instance in each paragraph. Section and/or
page numbers are included
parenthetically throughout for the sake of students who desire to
know exactly where the stated
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 7
rule appears in the APA-7 itself. In your academic papers,
however, it is critical to include the
required author(s) and year, as applicable, for all citations that
are included; this may include
more than one citation for each resource per paragraph, as
required to avoid any confusion about
the source of that content.
Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing
Most beginning students have difficulty learning how to write
papers and also format
papers correctly using the seventh edition of the APA manual.
However, the Liberty University
Online Writing Center’s (OWC) mission includes helping
students learn how to be autonomous,
proficient writers. The OWC also provides students with
95. templates to help them with basic
formatting elements, but this sample paper is designed to help
graduate and doctoral students
learn to master APA rules and formatti ng on their own, which
will prove helpful as they progress
in their studies and work toward future publication in scholarly
journals.
For the purpose of instruction, this paper will use second person
(you, your), but third
person (this author) must be used in most student papers. First
person (I, me, we, us, our) is not
generally permitted in academic papers. Students should refrain
from using first or second person
in college courses (even though the APA manual encourages
this in other writing venues) unless
the assignment instructions clearly permit such (as in the case
of personal reflection sections or
life histories). If in doubt, students should clarify with their
professors.
APA-7 delineates separate rules and guidelines between
“student” and “professional”
writers (APA, 2019). Because a primary purpose of graduate
and doctoral studies is to prepare
those students to publish professionally, Liberty University has
96. decided to have undergraduate
students follow APA-7’s guidelines for “student papers,” and
graduate/doctoral students follow
APA-7’s guidelines for “professional papers.” Separate
templates are available for each level.
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 8
This sample paper illustrates and discusses the rules and
formatting of professional papers, as
required for all Liberty University graduate and doctoral
courses using APA-7 style.
Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7
Most of these changes will be discussed in more detail below;
this is just a very brief
overview here. APA-7 reverts back to only one space after
closing punctuation in the body of the
paper (APA-6 required two spaces; APA, 2019, section 6.1).
Student (undergraduate) papers no
longer include a running head or abstract (sections 2.2 and 2.8);
professional (graduate/doctoral)
papers require an abstract but the running head is now the same
97. on all pages (the added phrase
“Running head:” from APA-6 has been eliminated; see section
2.8). Title pages are different for
both student and professional formats. The title of a paper is no
longer limited to 12 words
(section 2.4).
Citations of all resources with three or more authors now use
the first author’s last name
and the term et al. (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Reference entries
must name up to the first 19
authors before adding an ampersand and ellipsis (up from APA-
6’s six authors; section 9.8).
APA-7 omits the phrase DOI and instead standardizes DOIs to
be presented in hyperlink format
(i.e., https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386; section
9.35). Formatting guidelines for
annotated bibliographies are included in APA-7 (section 9.51),
as well as expanded and
standardized reference entry examples. As discussed above, it is
no longer necessary to cite a
source every single time you refer to content gleaned from it as
long as it is clear the content
comes from that source (section 8.1); APA-7 also expanded the
specific location noted in the
98. citation to include page, paragraph, section (as used throughout
this sample paper, to direct the
student to the exact relevant content), chapter, timestamp, etc.
(section 8.13).
APA-7 allows for “self-plagiarism” (clarified and defined
below). It also invites writers to
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 9
highlight the most relevant work first, rather than just present
all works in alphabetical order
(APA, 2019, section 8.12).
Heading-level formatting has changed, and APA-7 provides
more flexibility in font and
line spacing (APA, 2019). The Bible must now be included in
the reference list and its citations
must include the editor’s details and year (section 8.28); there
are also new rules for dictionary
entries. Publisher city and state details are omitted from all
reference entries except those
involving presentations or conferences, as is the phrase
“retrieved from.” Hyperlinks should be
99. live, but they may be either presented as blue underlining or
plain black text.
Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract
APA (2019) delineates separate formatting requirements for
what it terms “student” and
“professional” papers. Its descriptions for those labels,
however, suggests that it regards
undergraduate-level writing to fall within the student purview,
and graduate/doctoral-level
writing (including dissertations and theses) to fall within the
professional purview. Since a
significant goal in graduate and post-graduate studies is
preparing those students to publish in
scholarly journals at and beyond graduation, it makes sense to
train those students in the
formatting that is required for professionals. As such, Liberty
University has opted to require the
APA-7’s “student” version format for all undergraduate
assignments using APA, and its
“professional” version for all graduate and doctoral
assignments. To that end, this being the
sample paper for professional formatting, it includes the
additional elements required for such: a
100. running head (same on all pages), an author’s note, and an
abstract. Graduate and doctoral
students will use this format. Note that the first “paragraph”
under the author’s note is generally
only included if the author has an ORCID number, which most
students will not have. However,
it is included in this sample paper and the corresponding
template because the purpose of these
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL
STUDENTS 10
resources is to prepare students to publish manuscripts post-
graduation. The student’s full
address, however, is intentionally omitted from the Liberty
University template and this sample
paper for privacy and safety reasons, since student papers are
often unfortunately published
online and disclosing their home addresses could pose safety
risks.
Basic Formatting Elements
Font
APA-7 does not prescribe a specific font or size (APA, 2019,
101. section 2.19) but rather
allows for some choice (e.g., 12-point Times New Romans, 11-
point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 11-
point Georgia, or 10-point Lucinda Sans Unicode). Most
journals and academic institutions will
have a preference, however, as even APA-7 acknowledges on p.
44. For this reason—and
because font size can easily be changed if an editor interested in
publishing a student’s work
prefers a different font—Liberty University recommends that
students use 12-point Times New
Romans or 11-point Calibri font for the body text in all
academic papers. Data in charts, figures,
and tables should be presented in 8- to 14-point size in either
Calibri, Arial, or Lucinda Sans
Unicode font. Students are not permitted to use any fonts such
as script, calligraphy, poster,
decorative, or others not found in published scholarly journals.
Since APA-7 itself authorizes a
variety of fonts and sizes, assignments will be gauged by word
count rather than page count.
Word count constitutes the number of words within the body of
the paper, and excludes the title
page, abstract, reference list, appendices, and other