AWS 區塊鍊解決方案 (Level 200) 講師: Michael Edge, Senior Cloud Architect , AWS

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Prepared by Michael Edge & John Yeung (AWS)
Michael Edge, Senior Cloud Architect | 23rd October 2018
Blockchain on AWS

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Agenda
• What is blockchain?
• Common usages of blockchain
• Comparing blockchain
• Selecting a blockchain platform
• Blockchain on AWS
• For geeks

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Reliable Decentralized
Secure Immutable
What is a Blockchain?

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Common Usage of Blockchain
Source: Deloitte and Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
1. Digital currency / payments
2. Land registration
3. Voting (elections)
4. Identity management
5. Supply chain traceability
6. Health care (record keeping)
7. Voting (proxy)
8. Corporate registration
9. Taxation
10. Entitlements management
Top 10 most active use cases:

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Digital Currency Record Keeping Smart Contracts Securities
1. Digital currency / payments
2. Land registration
3. Voting (elections)
4. Identity management
5. Supply chain traceability
6. Health care (record keeping)
7. Voting (proxy)
8. Corporate registration
9. Taxation
10. Entitlements management
Common Usage of Blockchain
Top 10 most active use cases:

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Using blockchain in voting
Voter votes for Candidate
Counter counts votes

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Using blockchain the 3rd party is no longer required
Voter votes for Candidate
Counter counts votes

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Common Usage of Blockchain
OWNERSHIP
PRIVATE MARKETS
DERIVATIVES
WAGERS
GLOBAL PAYMENTS
REMITTANCE
NOTARISATION
EQUITY
MICROFINANCE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
TITLE RECORD
ESCROW
DIGITAL RIGHTS
E-COMMERCE
DEBT
CROWDFUNDING
P2P LENDING
HEALTHCARE
VOTING
TRUSTEES
SMART
CONTRACTS
DIGITAL
CURRENCY
SECURITIES
RECORD
KEEPING

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Comparing Blockchain to what we know
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
John gives
Michael $100
Update BALANCE
set AMT=AMT + 100
where NAME=‘Michael’
Transaction Log
– the events
State – the
current state
Peer
Smart
Contract
Simulate & sign
transaction
Orderer
Order TX and
create blocks
Write block and
update world
state
$100
World state –
the current state
Genesis Block
Peer
Validate
Order
Execute
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Miners
Miners order via
PoW
Peer
Smart
Contract
Execute smart
contract
$100
World state –
the current state
Genesis Block
Execute
Order
RDBMS
Ethereum
Hyperledger

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How the blocks are arranged in a blockchain
Genesis block
Merkle root
Block 1
transactions
BLOCK 0
HEADER
Hash of previous
block header
Merkle root
Block 2
transactions
BLOCK 1
HEADER
Hash of previous
block header
Merkle root
Block 3
transactions
BLOCK 2
HEADER
TIME

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There are many blockchain platforms. Which one?
There are many blockchain platforms. Which one should you use for your
use case? It depends on what’s important to your use case. It could be:
• Throughput (i.e. tps)
• How scalable (i.e. how many users can be supported)
• Finality – when is a TX considered irreversible
• Anonymous or requires identity
• Threat model: DoS, 51%, double-spend, sybil, etc.
• Liveness vs. safety
• Forking
• Decentralised

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Trade-offs made by known consensus algorithms
Throughput Latency Threat Scalability Live/Safe Finality
PoW Low High 51% Good
(users)
Poor (tps)
Liveness 6 blocks (btc –
1 hour)
30 blocks (eth -
7 minutes)
DPoS 100’s tps Low 33% Good Liveness 30 - 180
seconds
(Steem, EOS)
BFT High Low 33% Poor Safety Seconds
Hyperledger 100’s to
1000’s tps
Low Configurable Average
(users)
Good (tps)
Liveness
(rejects TX)
Per block (i.e.2
seconds)
Sharding Average Average,
unless cross
shard
51% (per
shard)
Good Safety Minutes

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Public, private, permissioned, anonymous
Private
Permissioned
Public
Anonymous

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Public, private: its not so clear cut
Private
Public

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Permissioned, anonymous: its not so clear cut
Permissioned
Anonymous

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AWS Blockchain Templates

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AWS Blockchain Templates
Benefit
• Fast Deploy
• Choose your framework
• Ethereum
• Hyperledger Fabric
• Include Management Tools
• Pay as you go

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Ethereum is an open-source blockchain
framework from the Ethereum Foundation
that enables you to write blockchain
applications that run exactly as
programmed without downtime,
censorship, fraud, or third-party
interference. You should consider using
Ethereum if you would like to transact with
peers on the public Ethereum network,
want to build a new public network, or
want to use Ethereum’s Solidity smart
contract language.
Hyperledger Fabric is an open-source blockchain
framework from the Linux Foundation that enables
you to write blockchain applications and offers
access control and permissions for data on the
blockchain. You should consider using Hyperledger
Fabric if you want to create a private blockchain
network, or want to limit the transactions that each
party can see.

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Deploying Ethereum using AWS Blockchain Template
AWS Blockchain Template for Ethereum
Ethereum is an open-source blockchain
framework from the Ethereum Foundation
that enables you to write blockchain
applications that run exactly as
programmed without downtime, censorship,
fraud, or third-party interference. You
should consider using Ethereum if you would
like to transact with peers on the public
Ethereum network, want to build a new
public network, or want to use Ethereum’s
Solidity smart contract language.

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Deploying Hyperledger Fabric using AWS Blockchain
Template
AWS Blockchain Template for Hyperledger Fabric
Hyperledger Fabric is an open-source blockchain
framework from the Linux Foundation that enables
you to write blockchain applications and offers
access control and permissions for data on the
blockchain. You should consider using Hyperledger
Fabric if you want to create a private blockchain
network, or want to limit the transactions that each
party can see.

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AWS + Blockchain
Use AWS compute services as the foundation for
your blockchain infrastructure
Amazon API Gateway lets you
create custom REST API to power
your blockchain apps
Use CloudHSM to
manage blockchain
participant’s secret keys
Connect IoT devices with
unique identities to a common
underlying data layer
Utilize S3 as your
off-chain data storage
for high availability
Perform analytics and gain
insights from your blockchain’s
data in near real time
Leverage off-chain database
solutions to support blockchain
applications and store metadata
Send notifications or leverage serverless
compute to respond to events programmed
into blockchain smart contracts
AMAZON
EC2
AMAZON
ECS
AMAZON
S3
AMAZON
EBS
AWS
CLOUDHSM
AMAZON
REDSHIFT
AWS
LAMBDA
AMAZON
DYNAMODB
AMAZON
KINESIS
AMAZON
API GATEWAY*
AMAZON
SQS
AMAZON
SNS
AMAZON
IOT

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Geek Stuff – determinism in blockchains
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
John gives
Michael $100 Peer
Smart
Contract
Simulate & sign
transaction
Orderer
Order TX and
create blocks
Write block and
update world
state
$100
World state –
the current state
Genesis Block
Peer
Validate
Order
Execute
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Ethereum Node
Miners
Miners order via
PoW
Peer
Smart
Contract
Execute smart
contract
$100
World state –
the current state
Genesis Block
Execute
Order
Ethereum
Hyperledger
Hyperledger Ethereum
TX execution Non-deterministic Deterministic
Ordering & Block creation Deterministic Non-deterministic
Ledger update Deterministic Deterministic

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Introduction of Hyperledger
Edmund To, Organizer of Hyperledger Meetup Hong Kong

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Agenda
● Introduction of Linux Foundation
● Introduction of all Hyperledger projects
● Case studies
○ Diamond tracking
○ Health Care
○ Food Supply Chain
● Demo of Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Sawtooth
● Summary

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Open source
collaborative effort to
advance cross-industry
blockchain
technologies
Hosted by
The Linux Foundation,
fastest-growing project in
LF history
Global collaboration
spanning finance,
banking, IoT, supply
chains, healthcare,
manufacturing,
technology and more.
Introducing Hyperledger

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We are helping
global privacy
and security
through a
program to
encrypt the
entire internet.
Security Networking
We are creating
ecosystems around
networking to improve
agility in the evolving
software-defined
datacenter.
Cloud
We are creating a
portability layer for the
cloud, driving de facto
standards and
developing the
orchestration layer for
all clouds.
Automotive
We are creating the
platform for
infotainment in the
auto industry that can
be expanded into
instrument clusters
and telematics
systems.
Blockchain
We are creating a
permanent, secure
distributed ledger
that makes it easier
to create
cost-efficient,
decentralized
business networks.
We are regularly adding projects; for the most up-to-date listing of all projects visit
tlfprojects.org
Web
We are providing the
application
development
framework for next
generation web, mobile,
serverless, and IoT
applications.
The Linux Foundation is Much More than Linux

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240+ Hyperledger members
27
General Members
1WorldBlockchain
ABN Amro
Aesthetic Integration
AlphaPoint
Altoros Americas LLC
Aktsiaselts Eurostep Digital
AMIHAN Global
ANNE
ANZ
BBVA
Beijing Botuzongheng
Science & Technology
Co., Ltd.
Beijing RZXT Technology
Development
Belink Technologies
Bitmark
BitSE
Blockchain
BLOCKO Inc.
Blockstream
Bloq
BNP Paribas
BNY Mellon
Broadridge Financial
Solutions
BTS
CA Technologies
Calastone
Capgemini
Chain Connected
ChainNova
China Merchants Bank
ChongQin Xichain
Technologies
CITIC
Clause, Inc
Cloudsoft Corporation
Ltd.
CLS Bank International
Coinplug
CollectorIQ Inc.
Colu
Consensus Base Inc.
ConsenSys
Cuscal Limited
Deloitte Consulting LLP
DLT Labs
Energy Blockchain Labs
Ernst & Young
Factom Foundation
FZG360 Network Co. Ltd
GameCredits
Gem
Gibraltar Stock Exchange
(GSX)
Global Peersafe
Technology Corp.
Guardtime
Hangzhou Fuzamei
Technology
Hashed Health
Huawei
Hyperchain Technologies
IntellectEU
iRootech Technology Co.,
Ltd
Kaiser Permanente
Korea Exchange
Korea Security Depository
Koscom
Kubique S.p.A.
LedgerDomain
Libra
Loyyal Corporation
Lykke
MadHive
Medicalchain
Milligan Partners
MIRACL UK Limited
Monax Industries Limited
MonetaGo
Montran Labs
Moscow Exchange
Murphy & McGonigle,
P.C.
National Stock Exchange
of India
Netki
New H3C Technologies
NEX Optimisation
Nokia
Norbloc
NTT Data
Onchain
Oracle
Orange Magic Cube
Paxos
PDX Technologies
RadarWin Cyber
Technology
Red Hat
Revelry Labs
Samsung SDS
Sany Heavy Group Co.,
Ltd
Sberbank
ScanTrust SA
Schroder Investment
Management Limited
SecureKey Technologies
Shanghai Ginkoo
Financial Technology
Shanghai Onechain
Information
Technology
Shenzhen Forms Syntron
Information
Shenzhen Qianhai
Zhaogu Financial
Service Co. Ltd
Shenzhen Xinguodu Technology
CO., LTD
Sinolending Ltd
Smart Link Lab
Soramitsu
State Street
SWIFT
Swisscom AG
Symbiont
Tai Yi Yun
Tencent
Tequa Creek Holdings
Patientory
Thomson Reuters
TMX Group Limited (TSX)
TradeIX Limited
VMware
Wells Fargo
Yuphant Blockchain
Zhejiang Shuqin
Technology
Beijing Smart Card
Technology Research
Institute
Associate Members
Accord Project
Bank of England
Blockchain Research
Institute
Chamber of Digital
Commerce
Cloud Security Alliance
Colored Coins
Federal Reserve Bank
of Boston
IC3
IFSE
Monetary Authority Of
Singapore
Mercy Corps
Nxt Foundation
OSCRE
Sovrin Foundation
Taiwan Fintech
Association
Tecnalia Research &
Innovation
TNO
University of Luxembourg
University of Rome Tor
Vergata/Inuit
Foundation
VSP Global
Zhejiang University
The Illinois Blockchain
Premier Members

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大中华区超过50个会员
高级会员:
常规会员:

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Hyperledger
Cello
Hyperledger
Explorer
Hyperledger
Quilt
Tools
Typically built for one framework, and
through common license and
community of communities approach,
ported to other frameworks
Hyperledger
Sawtooth
Hyperledger
Iroha
Hyperledger
Indy
Hyperledger
Cloud Foundry Node.js
Cloud Native
Computing
The Hyperledger Greenhouse
Infrastructure
Technical, Legal,
Marketing, Organizational
Ecosystems that accelerate
open development and
commercial adoption
Frameworks
Meaningfully differentiated approaches
to business blockchain frameworks
developed by a growing community of
communities
Hyperledger
Burrow
Hyperledger
Fabric
Hyperledger
Composer
Hyperledger
Caliper
View on demand video: Blockchain Projects and Working Groups by Hyperledger

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Hyperledger Blockchain Frameworks
Hyperledger
Fabric
Intended as a foundation for developing applications or solutions with a modular architecture,
Hyperledger Fabric allows components, such as consensus and membership services, to be plug-
and-play. Initially contributed by IBM and Digital Assets.
Hyperledger
Sawtooth
A modular platform for building, deploying, and running distributed ledgers. Hyperledger Sawtooth
includes a novel consensus algorithm, Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET), which targets large distributed
validator populations with minimal resource consumption. Contributed by Intel and using Intel chip
instruction for consensus algorithm.
Hyperledger Iroha
A business blockchain framework designed to be simple and easy to incorporate into infrastructural
projects requiring distributed ledger technology. (Mobile)
Hyperledger
Burrow
A permissionable smart contract machine. The first of its kind when released in December, 2014,
Burrow provides a modular blockchain client with a permissioned smart contract interpreter built in
part to the specification of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (private version of EVM).
Hyperledger Indy
Tools, libraries, and reusable components for providing digital identities rooted on blockchains or
other distributed ledgers so that they are interoperable across administrative domains, applications,
and any other silo. (Identity)

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Hyperledger Blockchain Tools
Hyperledger Quilt
Offers interoperability between ledger systems by implementing ILP, which is primarily a payments
protocol and is designed to transfer value across distributed ledgers and non-distributed ledgers.
Initially contributed by Ripple, etc.
Hyperledger
Explorer
Hyperledger Explorer can view, invoke, deploy or query blocks, transactions and associated data,
network information, chain codes and transaction families, as well as any other relevant information
stored in the ledger. (Similar to blockchain.info for bitcoin and etherscan for ethereum)
Hyperledger
Composer
Hyperledger Composer is a collaboration tool for building blockchain business networks, accelerating
the development of smart contracts and their deployment across a distributed ledger.
(Similar to remix for ethereum)
Hyperledger Cello
Hyperledger Cello aims to bring the on-demand “as-a-service” deployment model to the blockchain
ecosystem to reduce the effort required for creating, managing and terminating blockchains.
Hyperledger
Caliper
Hyperledger Caliper is a blockchain benchmark tool, which allows users to measure the performance
of a specific blockchain implementation with a set of predefined use cases.
(Performance testing on blockchain)

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Business use cases

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Case Study 1 - Diamond Tracking
● Everledger is a startup using blockchain to track
diamonds
● To keep blood diamonds from enter the supply chain
● Miners, distributors and retailers can all write to the
same ledger
● Built on Hyperledger Fabric

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Takeaway 1: Startups can build on Hyperledger and can raise significant funding

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Case Study 2 - Change Healthcare
● Founded in 2005
● Over 15,000 employees
● Using Hyperledger Fabric
● Running production workload on AWS
● Intelligent Healthcare Network for claims
management

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Case Study 2 - Change Healthcare
● CTO at Open Source Summit
● Instead of emails and forms going back and forth
● Patient, Doctor, Insurance Companies are editing
those claims on the blockchain
● Channel in Fabric to allow privacy between
companies
● Cost and resources saving
● New business model
● 50 Million per day / 550 TX Per Second
● Takeaway 2: Ready for production

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Case Study 3 - Seafood Supply
Chain
● A project built by Intel on Hyperledger Sawtooth
● Hyperledger Sawtooth is the second project reaching
1.0
● Ethical fishing, e.g., tracking fish caught outside of
legal areas
● Using IoT Sensors to measure seafood traceability,
such as location, temperature, humidity
● Consumer can track the journey from ocean to table

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Demo -
Hyperledger Fabric
Hyperledger Sawtooth

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Demo 1 - Hyperledger Fabric
● Marble - Hello World
● Append only ledger - Blockchain
● Data stored is an Asset, not a
Cryptocurrency like Bitcoin
● Data attributes can be defined such
as the colour and size of the marble

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Demo 2 - Hyperledger Sawtooth - Supply Chain
Demo
● Project contributed by Intel
● Second Hyperledger project reaching
1.0
● Tracking an apple from Japan via sea to
Hong Kong, without a single database
● Takeaway 3: Well documented, easy to
get started!

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Summary
What is Hyperledger?
A set of permissioned blockchain technologies hosted by the Linux Foundation and
being used in industries, including finance, supply chain, healthcare, IoT, etc.
1. Start ups can build on Hyperledger and can raise significant funding.
2. Ready for enterprise and production workloads.
3. Well documented and governed, with good community support for you to get
started!

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Help us shape the future of blockchain.
Subscribe to
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Mailing Lists
Attend
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events
Get the latest
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Engage in the
discussion on
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Report a New
One, in Our
Bug Database
Start or join a
local
Hyperledger
Meetup
Participate in
the Working
Group
meetings
Check out all
the
Hyperledger
business
blockchain
technologies
and download
our codebases

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Thank You