Extraction of wood components from OSB strands using hot water. A composition of the liquid phase (extract) is given for different extraction conditions. Mechanical properties of OSB panels made with the extracted wood are compared with standard panels.

1. CO
OH
O
OM OH
Influence of Hemicellulose Extraction
4
5 e
O
on SuitabilityOH O Oriented Strand Board
O O-A
c O for
1
3 2 (OSB) Production
OH
OH
3 5
O O
O 4 OH
Rory H. Jaraa O OH
1
Juan Paredesb
3 2 O
Adriaan van Heiningen
OH a -Ac
Stephen Shalerb
O O
O OH
a b O-A
Advanced Engineered
Department of Chemical c
and Biological Engineering Wood Composites Center

2. CO Outline
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
Background
4 O
O O
O-A OH
Objectives
c
1
O
3 2 OH
Experimental procedures
3
OH
5
Results and discussions
O
O 4
OH
O
O
OH
Conclusions 3 2 1 O
OH -Ac
O O
O OH
O-A
c
2
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

3. Background
CO
O
OH
OM OH
5 e
OSB Process
4 O
O O
O-A OH
O
Wood components
3
c
1
2 OH
Chemical composition and wood strength
3
OH
5
O O
O 4 OH
O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

4. Background
OSB Process
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
1
3 2 OH
OH
3 5
O O
O 4 OH
O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
4
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

5. Background
Modified OSB Process
CO
O
OH
OM OH
Logs
5 e
4 O
Log Hauling and Sorting
O O
O-A Ladding OH
O
c Debarking
1
3 2 OH
OH Sugar-based
3 Stranding 5 polymers
Screening O
O
O Hemicellulose
4 OH
O
Extraction Process
1 OH
3 Sugar-based
2 O-A chemicals
Drying OH c
Furfural
O O
O Xylitol
Blending OH Ethanol
PERFORMANCE ?
Forming line O-A
Pressing Shipping c
Finishing line 5
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

6. Background
Wood ComponentsCO
OH
O
OM
Hardwood (% o. d. wood) OH
5 e
Xylan
4a O
Cellulose
O
41.0 – 51.0
O-A O
O OH Lignin
Lignina c 21.5 – 31.0
1
3
Hemicellulosesa
2 20.0 - 34.5
OH
OH
Ashb 3 0.2 - 1.0 5
O O
O 4 OH
Softwood (% o. d. wood) O
1 OH
Cellulosea 33.0 – 42.0 3 2 Cellulose
O-A Glucomannan
OH c
Lignina 27.0 – 32.0
Hemicellulosesa 26.0 – 33.0 O O
O OH
Ashb 0.1 – 0.5
a Sjostron, E., 1993 O-A
c
b Rowell, R., 2005
(M. Åkerholm and L. Salmén, STFI 2004)
6
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

7. Background
Wood Components
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
1
3 2 Cellulose
OH Glucomannan
OH
3 5 Lignin 1
O O Lignin 2
O 4 OH
O Xylan
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
(Lawoko et al. Biomacromolecules 6(6) 3467-3473, 2005)
O O
O OH
(Sweet et al. Holzforschung 53 (1999) 311-317)
O-A
c
7
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

8. Background
CO
Chemical composition and wood strength
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O Molecular level depends on individual components of the cell wall
O
O -A O H
c O
Cellulose greatest polymeric chain and higher DP
1
3 2 OH
Lignin is a nature’s adhesive. Hydrophobic polymer.
OH
3 5
Cellulose and lignin are the main structural wood components.
O O
O 4
Hydrogen bonds are important for providing rigidity.
OH O
1 HO
Hemicelluloses are a series 3of carbohydrate molecules with lower
2 O-A
DP than cellulose. They exhibitOhydrogen bonding.
c
H
Early degradation of hemicelluloses affect the wood strength
O O
(Curling at al., Forest Products Journal, Vol. 52, No 78, 2002)
O OH
O-A
c
8
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

9. Background
Issues to be considered
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
Mechanical properties of OSB must be
O
4 O
O
O-A OH
maintained after hemicellulose extraction
c
1
O
3 2 OH
The extraction process must minimize
3
OH
5
degradation of bothO cellulose and lignin
O
O 4
O
H O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
9
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

10. Objective
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4
• Determine how O specific variables in the
O
O-A
O
OH
c O
OSB 2strand extraction process (namely,
3
1
OH
pH, temperature, 5 time and strand
3
OH
O
thickness) affect hemicellulose yields and
O 4
OH
O
O
characteristics of cellulose and OH
3 2
1
O-A
lignin in the
OH c
wood
O O
O OH
O-A
c
10
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

11. CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
3
OH
2
1
Experimental
OH
3 5
O O
O 4 OH O
Procedure3
OH
2
1
O-A
c
OH
O O
O OH
O-A
c

12. Experimental Procedures
Wood material preparation
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
Red Maple tree (hardwood)
4 O
O O
O-A OH
Stranding process at AEWC
c
1
O
3
Center2
OH
OH
3 5
Wood materialOair-dried O
O 4 OH
O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
12
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

13. Experimental Procedures
Lab Extraction
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e Water
4 O
O O
O
Wood strands- O ASE-100 Filtrate
Ac O Modified H
(Hemicellulose Extract)
1
3 2 OH
OH Solid Residue
3 5
(Extracted strands)
O O
O 4
OH O
1 OH
3 2
Temperature: 140 – 170ºC
O-A
OH c
Time: 15 – 90 min
O O
O OH
O-A
c
13
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

14. WOOD CO
OH
Water Extraction
O
Solid Phase OM OH Liquid Phase
5 e
4 O
Weight Loss
O O
O
(Oven Dried)
-Ac OH Solid Content Centrifuge
O (Freeze Drying)
1 Undissolved
3 2 Material
DMC OAsh Content
H Ash Content
OH
Extraction
3 5 2nd Hydrolysis
Liquid Phase O O
(Solid Determ.) Hydrolysis (1º, 2nd) O 4 OH Klason Lignin Acid Sol. Lignin
O
HPAEC 1 OH
3
Analysis 2 O-A HPAEC Analysis
OH c
Klason Lignin Cellulose Hemicelluloses OCellulose Hemicelluloses
O
O OH
Chemical analysis procedure O-A
c
14
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

15. Experimental Procedures
Yield Determination
CO
O
OH
OM OH
5 e
4
solid residue (o.d.) after extraction
O
YieldO-Ac(%) =
O sp
O OH
O
*100
3
1 wood (o.d.) before extraction
2 OH
OH
3 5
S.C.fd ∗4 Total weight extract
O O
Yield (%) =
lp O
OH O
OH
*100
wood (o.d.) before extraction
3 2
1
O
OH -Ac
O O
O OH
O-A
c
15
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

16. COResults
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
Water Oextraction yield
4
O O
O-A OH
Massc Balance
1
O
3 2 OH
OSB panels and physical/mechanical
3
OH
5
properties O O 4 OH O O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
16
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

17. Results: Water extraction yield
CO
Water Extraction - Yield vs Temperature
OH
O
OM OH
250.00 5 e
4 O
Yield (mg/g wood)
O
200.00 O
O-A OH
c O
1
3
150.00 2 OH
OH
3 5
100.00
O O
O 4 OH
50.00
O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
0.00 OH c
130 140 150 160 170 180
O O
Temperature (ºC) O OH
From solid - 45 min From solid - 90 min From solid - 15 min
from liquid - 45 min From liquid - 90 min From liquid -O min
15
-Ac
17
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

18. Results: Water extraction yield
Severity Factor (Ro)
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
• Proposed for Overend and Chornet, 1987)
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
1
3 2
⎛ T [ C ] − 100 ⎞
OH o
RO = t ⋅ exp⎜ ⎟
OH
⎜ 14.75 ⎟
3 5
O O
⎝ ⎠ O 4 OH
1
O
OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
Where,
O O
t: Time (minutes) O OH
T: Temperature (ºC)
O-A
c
18
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

19. Results: Water extraction yield
CO
Water Extraction - Yield vs Temperature
OH
O
OM OH
250.00 5 e
4 O
Yield (mg/g wood)
O
200.00 O
O-A OH
c O
1
3
150.00 2 OH
OH
3 5
100.00
O O
O 4 OH
O
50.00 OH
1
3 2 O-A
0.00 OH c
2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.70 3.90 4.10 4.30 4.50
O O
Severity Factor (Ro) O OH
From solid From liquid
O-A
c
19
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

20. Results: Water extraction yield
CO
OH
Severity Effect on pH Extraction
O
OM OH
5 5 e 300.00
4 O
4.8
O O
O-A
Yield (s.p., mg/g wood o.d.)
4.6 O OH 250.00
c R2 = 0.9535
1
4.4 3 2
H
R2 = 0.9857
O 200.00
4.2 OH
3 5
pH
4 O O 150.00
O 4 OH
3.8 O
pH Yield (from s.p.) OH 100.00
3.6 1
3 2 O-A
3.4 OH c
50.00
3.2
O O
3 O OH 0.00
2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.70 3.90 4.10
Severity Factor (log(Ro))
O-A
c
20
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

21. Results: Mass balance
CO
OH
Lignin removed from wood
O
OM OH
14.00 5 e
4 O Precipitated Lignin (From Liquid)
12.00
O O
O-A OH
Klason Lignin (From Liquid)
Lignin removed ( % )
c O
10.00 1Acid Soluble Lignin (From Liquid)
3 2 Total Lignin O
(From Liquid)
8.00 OH H
Total Lignin (From Solid)
3 5
6.00 O O
O 4 OH
4.00 O
1 OH
3 2
2.00 O-A
OH c
0.00
O O
2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20
O OH
Severity Factor (Log Ro)
O-A
c
21
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

22. Results:
Results Mass balance
CO
OH
Carbohydrates Mass Balance - Liquid Phase
O
100.00
OM OH
90.00 5 e
Carbohydrate content (% on original
4 O
80.00
O O
O-A OH
70.00
c O
60.00 1
3 2
sugar)
OH
50.00 OH
40.00 3 5
O O
30.00 O 4 OH
20.00
O
1 OH
10.00 3 2 O-A
0.00 OH c
2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4
Severity Factor (Log Ro) O O
O OH
Arabinan Galactan Xylan Mannan Cellulose
O-A
c
22
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

23. Results:
Results Mass balance
CO
OH
Carbohydrates Mass Balance - Solid Phase
O
100.00
OM OH
90.00 5 e
4
Carbohydrate content (% on original sugar)
80.00
O
O O
O-A OH
70.00 c O
1
60.00 3 2 OH
50.00
OH
3 5
40.00
O O
30.00
O 4 OH
O
20.00 1 OH
3 2
10.00
O-A
OH c
0.00
2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 O 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5
O
Severity Factor (Log Ro) O OH
Arabinan Galactan Xylan Mannan
O-A
c
23
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

24. Results: Mass balance
C
M a s OO a la n c e He m ic e llu lo s e s
sB
H
1 6 0 .0 0
O
OM OH
1 4 0 .0 0
5 e
4 O
1 2 0 .0 0
O O
O-A OH
Sugar (mg/g wood o.d.)
c O
1 0 0 .0 0 1
3 2 OH
8 0 .0 0 OH
3 5
6 0 .0 0 O O
O 4 OH
O
4 0 .0 0
1 OH
3 2 O-A
2 0 .0 0 OH c
0 .0 0
O O
2 .5 0 2 .7 0 2 .9 0 3 .1 0 3 .3 0 3 .5 0 3 .7 0 3 .9 0 4 .1 0
O OH
Se v e rity Factor (Log(R o))
A rabinan-L.P . Galac tan-L.P . Xy lan-L.P . M annan-L.P .
O-A
A rabinan-S .P . Galac tan-S .P . Xy lan-S .P . M annan-S .P . c
24
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

25. Results: OSB Panels
Manufacture of OSB Panels CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O Pressure
Release
O
Pressure
O-A OH
O
Valve
Conditions:
Indicator c O
Pressure
Flow Control 1
Safety
Temperature: 160ºC
3 2
Valve Vessel OH Vessel Switch
OH Time: 45 – 90 min
3 5 Dispersion
Heat Weight
Exchanger
O O Basket Inside Batch: 500 grs.
O 4 OH (To hold wood
O
1
material) O(Preheating:
H
50 min)
Circulation Rupture Disk
3 Insulation
Pump 2 O-A L / S: 6
Thermal Sensor (RTD) c
OH
Heat Thermal Sensors (RTD)
Exchanger
O O
Cooling O O
Water Drain Valve Water H
extraction
Real Time
Sampling Pilot scale
O-A
c
25
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

26. Results: OSB Panels
Manufacture of OSB Panels
CO
O
OH
OM OH
5 e
4 O
Panel manufacturing was O
O
O-A OH
c O
done at AEWC1Center
3
following internal procedures:
2 OH
OH
3 5
Weight: 1.28 kg
O O
O 4 OH
Adhesive: pDMI, 4% o.d.w. O
1 OH
Density: 38pcf, at 0% MC 3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
26
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

27. Results: OSB Panels
Physical Properties
CO
OH
O
Me H O O
Tests were 5done following ASTM D 1037 specifications.
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
1 Moisture Content Behavior
3 2 OH
O
45 H
3 40 5
Moisture Content (%)
35 O O
O 4 OH
30 O Conditioned
25 1 OH
20 3 2 Hours
2 O-A
15 OH c 24 Hours
10
5 O O
0 O OH
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
Material Source
O-A
c
27
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

28. Thickness Swell Behavior
14 CO
Thickness Swell (%)
12 OH
10 O
8 2 Hours
OM OH
6 5 e 24 Hours
4 4 O
2
O O
0 O-A OH
c O
Control 1 SF-3.54 SF-3.81
3 2 OH
Material Source
OH
3 5
O OWater Absortion Behavior
O 4 OH
O
35 OH
Water Absortion (%)
1
30 3 2 O-A
25 OH c
20 2 Hours
15 24 Hours
O O
10
O OH
5
0
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
Material Source O-A
c
28
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

29. Results: OSB Panels
Mechanical Properties CO
O
OH
Me H O O
Tests were 5done following ASTM D 1037 specifications.
4 O
O O
O-A
O Mechanical
OH Properties
c
1
3 100002
OH
OH
3 5
1000 O O
O
Load Factors
4 OH
O MOR (psi)
1 OH MOE (kpsi)
100 3 2 O-A SPL (psi)
OH c IB (psi)
10 O O
O OH
1
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
O-A
Material Source c
29
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

30. Conclusions
CO
O
OH
OM OH
5 e
Extraction with pure water
4 O
O O
O-A OH
Degradation of cellulose is not significant
c O
1
3 2 OH
XylanHcontribute significantly more to the total
O
3
hemicellulose yield.
O
5
O
O 4
O
Continued hydrolysis of Hcarbohydrates H
1
O
O
3 2
O-A
Further research is necessary to understand changes
OH c
in physical and mechanical properties of OSB O
O
O OH
O-A
c
30
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

31. CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
1
3 2 OH
OH
3 5
O O
O 4 OH
O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OH c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
31
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

32. Results
Mass Balance
CO
OH
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O O
O-A OH
O
Cellulose c
1 = [Glucan – Mannan/1.7]/(wood weight)
3 2 OH
OH
3 5
Hemicellulose = Total Sugar/(wood weight) - Cellulose
O O
O 4 OH
O
1 OH
32
Xylan = [Xylose*(132/150)+UA*0.6*(132/176)]
OH
O-A
c
O O
O OH
O-A
c
32
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

33. Load (Stress)
CO
OH MOR
O
OM OH
5 e
4 O
O O
O-A OH
c O
SPL 1
3 2 OH MOE
OH
3 5
O O
O 4 OH
O
1 OH
3 2 O-A
OHDeflection (Strain)
c
O O
O OH
MOR: Modulus of Rupture (Maximum Load)
MOE: Modulus of Elasticity
O-A
SPL: Stress at Proportional Limit c
33
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering