in this lecture students learn about the definition and applications of biomechanics of musculoskeletal system.

1. 1
Biomechanics of
Musculoskeletal System
By: Dr. Ali Selk Ghafari
Email: a_selkghafari@sharif.edu
Page  2
Grading Policy and References
 Grading:
 Homework 2 Points
 Term-Project 3 Points
 Mid-Term Exam 7 Points
 Final Exam 8 Points
 Textbooks:
 Carol A. Oatis, Kinesiology the Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human
Movement, Second Edition, Kluwer Inc., 2009.
 Aydin Tozeren, Human Body Dynamics: Classical Mechanics and Human
Movement, Springer, 2000.
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
1
2

2. 2
Page  3
Grading Policy and References
 Other References:
 Duane Knudson, Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Second Edition,
Springer, 2007.
 Tarun Goswami, Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Intech, 2011.
 Carl J. Payton, Roger M. Bartlett, Biomechanical Evolution of Movement
in Sport and Exercise, Taylor & Francis, 2008.
 Roger Bartlett, Introduction to Sport Biomechanics Analyzing Human
Movement Patterns, Second Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2007.
 Nigel Palastanga, Roger Soames, Anatomy and Human Movement
Structure and Function, Sixth Edition, Elsevier, 2012.
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Introduction
By: Dr. Ali Selk Ghafari
Email: a_selkghafari@sharif.ecu
3
4

3. 3
Page  5
I.1 Biomechanics Definition
 Biomechanics: is the study of the structure and function of biological
systems such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells by means of
the methods of mechanics.
 Applied mechanics, most notably mechanical engineering disciplines such
as continuum mechanics, mechanism analysis, structural analysis,
kinematics and dynamics play prominent roles in the study of
biomechanics.
 Applied subfields of biomechanics include:
– Soft body dynamics
– Kinesiology (kinetics + physiology)
– Locomotion & Gait analysis
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  6
I.1 Biomechanics Definition
– Musculoskeletal & orthopedic biomechanics
– Cardiovascular biomechanics
– Ergonomy
– Human factors engineering & occupational biomechanics
– Implant (medicine), Orthotics & Prosthesis
– Rehabilitation
– Sports biomechanics
– Allometry
– Injury biomechanics
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
5
6

4. 4
Page  7
I.2 Applications
 1. Animation Software: recent years 3D Animation has become popular
with more and more professional animators opting to do 3D work, either in
films or for short videos.
 These software have the capabilities such as: 3D modeling, texturing,
animating, skinning, particle simulation, smoke simulation, camera
tracking, soft body simulation, fluid, …
– Houdini: Companies such as Dreamworks Animation, Blue Sky
Studios, Image Engine and Axis Animation use this tool.
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  8
I.2 Applications
– 3D Studio Max:
– Maya 3D:
– Cinema 4D:
– Blender 3D:
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
7
8

5. 5
Page  9
I.2 Applications
 2. Virtual Reality and Surgery Simulation Tools: provides surgeons a
more realistic experience of cutting, bleeding, tissue pressure response,
and …
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  10
I.2 Applications
 3. Gait Analysis
The Running School ®
zFlo, Inc. ®
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
9
10

6. 6
Page  11
I.2 Applications
 4. Sport Biomechanics
Quintic Consultancy Ltd. ®
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  12
I.2 Applications
 4. Sport Biomechanics
Quintic Consultancy Ltd. ®
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
11
12

7. 7
Page  13
I.2 Applications
 5. Musculoskeletal Biomechanics
© Charité
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  14
I.2 Applications
 5. Musculoskeletal Biomechanics
the musculoskeletal system from magnetic
resonance (MR) images.
© Stanford University Neuromuscular
Biomechanics Lab
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
13
14

8. 8
Page  15
I.2 Applications
 5. Musculoskeletal Biomechanics
Anybody Software
http://www.enginsoft.it
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  16
I.2 Applications
 5. Musculoskeletal Biomechanics
MusculoGraphics, Inc. ©
SIMM Software
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
15
16

9. 9
Page  17
I.2 Applications
 6. Ergonomy
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  18
I.2 Applications
 7. Occupational Biomechanics
http://www.depts.ttu.edu
http://www.hf.faa.gov
Preventing Injuries In Firefighters
http://www.prweb.com
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
17
18

10. 10
Page  19
I.2 Applications
 8. Implants
http://www.rsbdental.com/dental-implants-oak-brook-il.html
Dental Implants Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  20
I.2 Applications
 8. Implants
Lyerly Neurosurgery ®
Spine implant for dynamic stabilization
A 3D Printed Spinal Implant
http://3dprint.com/4260/3d-printed-spinal-implants/
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
19
20

11. 11
Page  21
I.2 Applications
 8. Implants
Hip Replacement
Implant Anchored in Femur
© Tissue Regeneration Systems Inc.
FEM Analysis
© Gauss Center for
Supercomputing
Total Hip Replacement
Femoral Stem Options
© Stryker Orthopaedics
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  22
I.2 Applications
 9. Prosthesis
Prosthetic Arm
Prosthetic Leg
The Naked Scientists®
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
21
22

12. 12
Page  23
I.2 Applications
 10. Orthotics
TWI Ltd,
Tracey Cramer-Kelly ©
Journal of Medical Case
Reports 2012 6:216
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  24
VQ Functional Arm Brace
I.2 Applications
 10. Orthotics
RehabMart.com
Beirut Medical Center
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
23
24

13. 13
Page  25
I.2 Applications
 11. Rehabilitation
© Robotiq
© Matja, Mihelj
http://www.ant-neuro.com
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
Page  26
I.2 Applications
 12. Injury Biomechanics
© Exponent Inc.
http://injury.research.chop.edu
http://ibrc.osu.edu
Dr. A. Selk Ghafari, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System
25
26