The document discusses the integumentary system and different types of burns: first, second, and third degree burns. It also discusses the skeletal system, its functions of support, protection, movement assistance, mineral homeostasis, and blood cell production in red bone marrow. The skeletal system section covers musculoskeletal injuries like sprains, dislocations, fractures which are classified as closed/simple, open/compound, comminuted, greenstick, linear, spiral, and pathologic.

1. BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES
By:
MARIA KRISIA
FAE DELOS
REYES DE
ASIS, BSN-RN

2. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
BURN
-Tissue damage caused by excessive
heat, electricity, radioactivity, or
chemicals that corrode the proteins
in the skin cells
First-degree burn
-Involves only the epidermis
-Mild pain and erythema, no blisters
-Skin functions remain intact
-Flushing with cold water may lessen
pain

4. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Second-degree burn
-Destroys the epidermis and part of
the dermis
-Some skin functions are lost
-Redness, blister
formation, edema, severe pain
-In a blister, the epidermis
separates from the dermis due to the
accumulation of tissue fluid between
them

6. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Third-degree burn
-Destroys the epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous layer
-Most skin functions are lost
-Vary in appearance from marblewhite to mahogany, to black, dry
wounds
-There is edema, and the burned
region is numb because sensory nerve
endings have been destroyed

9. SKELETAL SYSTEM
-The entire framework of bones and
their cartilages constitutes the
skeletal system
+ OSTEOLOGY
-Study of bone structure and bone
disorders

10. SKELETAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS:
1. Support
2. Protection
3. Assistance in movement
4. Mineral homeostasis
5. Blood cell production
a. Red bone marrow – connective
tissue within bones that
produce RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets
6. Triglyceride storage
a. Yellow bone marrow – consists
of adipose cells

12. SKELETAL SYSTEM
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
(1)Sprain — Partial or complete
disruption in the continuity of a
muscular or ligamentous support of a
joint. It is usually caused by a
blow, kick or torsion force
(2)Dislocation — Displacement of the
articular surface of bones entering
into the formation of a joint
(3)Fracture — Disruption of continuity
of bone resulting from violence or
some existing pathology

13. MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
WOUNDS
(a)Close or Simple Fracture — Fracture
wherein there is no break in
continuity of the overlying skin or
where the external air has no point
of access to the site of injury
(b)Open or Compound Fracture — The
fracture is complicated by an open
wound caused by the broken bone which
protruded with other tissues of the
broken skin
(c)Comminuted Fracture — the fractured
bone is fragmented into several
pieces

14. MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
WOUNDS
(d)Greenstick Fracture — A fracture
wherein only one side of the bone is
broken while the other side is merely
bent
(e)Linear Fracture — When the fracture
forms a crack commonly observed in
flat bones
(f)Spiral Fracture — The break in the
bone forms a spiral manner as
observed in long bones
(g)Pathologic Fracture — Fracture
caused by weakness of the bone due to
disease rather than violence

15. MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
WOUNDS
(4)Strain — The overstretching, instead of an actual
tearing or the rupture of a muscle or
ligament which may not be associated
with the joint
(5)Subluxation — Incomplete dislocation

28. Please bring out any piece of
paper and prepare for a quiz..

29. QUESTION:
1. A fracture wherein
only one side of the
bone is broken while
the other side is
merely bent

30. QUESTION:
2. Study of bone
structure and bone
disorders

31. QUESTION:
3. Tissue damage caused
by excessive
heat, electricity, radi
oactivity, or chemicals
that corrode the
proteins in the skin
cells

32. QUESTION:
4. This type of burn
destroys the
epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous layer

33. QUESTION:
5. Type of burn wherein
the epidermis separates
from the dermis due to
the accumulation of
tissue fluid between
them

34. QUESTION:
6. This is the
connective tissue
within bones that
produce RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets

35. QUESTION:
7. Partial or complete
disruption in the
continuity of a
muscular or ligamentous
support of a joint

36. QUESTION:
8. Disruption of
continuity of bone
resulting from violence
or some existing
pathology

37. QUESTION:
9. The fracture is
complicated by an open
wound caused by the
broken bone which
protruded with other
tissues of the broken
skin

38. QUESTION:
10. This is also known
as the breastbone

39. QUESTION:
11. This is the longest
bone in the human body

40. QUESTION:
12. How many bones are
there in an adult
human?

41. QUESTION:
13. How many bones are
there in an infant?

42. QUESTION:
14. This is also known
as the skull bone

43. QUESTION:
15. How many vertebrae
make up the vertebral
column?