This report complements earlier OECD work on liquid biofuels and provides information on biomass based heat and power, as well as on biogas. It discusses the heterogeneous portfolio of different biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and pathways of utilisation. It also shows that governments in many countries provide substantial support to the production and use of renewable energy in general, and bioenergy in particular; these support measures are highly diverse and are given at national and various sub-national levels. The results of a large number of life-cycle analyses of various bioheat and biopower chains reviewed in this study indicate that the objective to reduce GHG emissions and fossil energy use is met; indeed the savings estimated for most chains are substantial when compared to fossil alternatives. At present, most of the chains examined do not compete with food and feed production, and thus the implications for agricultural markets are small. It is clear, however, that if a stronger focus on agricultural biomass crops is to be developed, this will require careful design of support policies so as to avoid compromising the ability of the agricultural sector to provide food and feed in a sustainable manner.
The global demand and supply equation has become increasingly difficult to solve, so new thinking is critical for the sustainable future of the globe. We at VTT believe bioeconomy represents this new kind of thinking. Growing national and global interest in sustainable
development is expected to make bioeconomy an essential part of the economic system in the years to come.
The Bioeconomy is especially important for Finland. It already accounts for about EUR 60 billion of GDP, and a doubling of this amount by 2030 is considered possible. The Bioeconomy does not happen by itself, but it requires a strong will, ambitious targets, and action towards these targets. New technical, societal and business innovations are needed along the way, with science and technology as the key enablers. A successful bioeconomy requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining disciplines ranging from chemistry to design. As a cross-cutting approach it has an effect on the whole of society, linking food security and people´s well-being to the sustainable use of raw materials and natural resources.
VTT forms a platform for an innovation ecosystem attracting industrial and other stakeholders from Finland and elsewhere to make the Bioeconomy happen.
The global demand and supply equation has become increasingly difficult to solve, so new thinking is critical for the sustainable future of the globe. We at VTT believe bioeconomy represents this new kind of thinking. Growing national and global interest in sustainable
development is expected to make bioeconomy an essential part of the economic system in the years to come.
The Bioeconomy is especially important for Finland. It already accounts for about EUR 60 billion of GDP, and a doubling of this amount by 2030 is considered possible. The Bioeconomy does not happen by itself, but it requires a strong will, ambitious targets, and action towards these targets. New technical, societal and business innovations are needed along the way, with science and technology as the key enablers. A successful bioeconomy requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining disciplines ranging from chemistry to design. As a cross-cutting approach it has an effect on the whole of society, linking food security and people´s well-being to the sustainable use of raw materials and natural resources.
VTT forms a platform for an innovation ecosystem attracting industrial and other stakeholders from Finland and elsewhere to make the Bioeconomy happen.
Les Levidow: Divergent Pathways for Sustainable Agriculture: Contending accou...STEPS Centre
Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice
http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 59 on “Agroecology for Sustainable Food Systems” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and IPES-FOOD was held on Wednesday 15 January 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing brought various perspectives and experiences on agroecological systems to support agricultural transformation. Experts presented trends and prospects for agroecological approaches and what it implies for the future of the food systems. Successes and innovative models in agroecology in different parts of the world and the lessons learned for upscaling them were also discussed.
Climate change, population growth and unsustainable lifestyles: To meet global challenges like these, new approaches are needed, including from the creative community.
A difusão consiste na condução da cana em aparelhos conhecidos como difusores, a fim de que a sacarose adsorvida ao material fibroso seja diluída e removida por lixiviação ou lavagem num processo de contra-corrente. Visando reduzir a quantidade de água necessária, é feita uma operação de retorno do caldo diluído extraído. Assim, ao final da operação, quando o bagaço se apresenta exaurido ao máximo, faz-se a lavagem com água fresca. O líquido obtido dessa lavagem, contendo alguma sacarose que se conseguiu extrair do bagaço, é usado na lavagem anterior por ser um pouco mais rico e, assim sucessivamente. Esse retorno pode ser efetuado de cinco a 20 vezes, dependendo do grau de esgotamento desejado.
Com a utilização de difusores obtém-se eficiência de extração da ordem de 98%, contra os 96% conseguidos com a extração por moendas. Os tipos de difusores utilizados são:
difusores oblíquos (DDS);
difusores horizontais;
difusores circulares.
No Brasil é usado o difusor horizontal. A seguir, estão relacionadas algumas vantagens do uso de difusores:
baixo custo de manutenção;
baixo consumo de energia;
obtenção de caldos mais puros;
alta extração de sacarose;
menor desgaste.
A desvantagem do uso de difusores é que estes carregam mais impurezas com o bagaço para as caldeiras, exigindo maior limpeza das mesmas devido à pior qualidade do bagaço.
A moagem é um processo de extração do caldo que consiste em fazer a cana passar entre dois rolos, com uma pressão pré-estabelecida aplicada a eles. A moenda deve extrair o caldo, como também produzir bagaço, no final do processo, com um grau de umidade que permita sua utilização como combustível nas caldeiras.
More Related Content
Similar to Bioheat, Biopower and Biogas - Developments and Implications for Agriculture
Les Levidow: Divergent Pathways for Sustainable Agriculture: Contending accou...STEPS Centre
Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice
http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 59 on “Agroecology for Sustainable Food Systems” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and IPES-FOOD was held on Wednesday 15 January 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing brought various perspectives and experiences on agroecological systems to support agricultural transformation. Experts presented trends and prospects for agroecological approaches and what it implies for the future of the food systems. Successes and innovative models in agroecology in different parts of the world and the lessons learned for upscaling them were also discussed.
Climate change, population growth and unsustainable lifestyles: To meet global challenges like these, new approaches are needed, including from the creative community.
A difusão consiste na condução da cana em aparelhos conhecidos como difusores, a fim de que a sacarose adsorvida ao material fibroso seja diluída e removida por lixiviação ou lavagem num processo de contra-corrente. Visando reduzir a quantidade de água necessária, é feita uma operação de retorno do caldo diluído extraído. Assim, ao final da operação, quando o bagaço se apresenta exaurido ao máximo, faz-se a lavagem com água fresca. O líquido obtido dessa lavagem, contendo alguma sacarose que se conseguiu extrair do bagaço, é usado na lavagem anterior por ser um pouco mais rico e, assim sucessivamente. Esse retorno pode ser efetuado de cinco a 20 vezes, dependendo do grau de esgotamento desejado.
Com a utilização de difusores obtém-se eficiência de extração da ordem de 98%, contra os 96% conseguidos com a extração por moendas. Os tipos de difusores utilizados são:
difusores oblíquos (DDS);
difusores horizontais;
difusores circulares.
No Brasil é usado o difusor horizontal. A seguir, estão relacionadas algumas vantagens do uso de difusores:
baixo custo de manutenção;
baixo consumo de energia;
obtenção de caldos mais puros;
alta extração de sacarose;
menor desgaste.
A desvantagem do uso de difusores é que estes carregam mais impurezas com o bagaço para as caldeiras, exigindo maior limpeza das mesmas devido à pior qualidade do bagaço.
A moagem é um processo de extração do caldo que consiste em fazer a cana passar entre dois rolos, com uma pressão pré-estabelecida aplicada a eles. A moenda deve extrair o caldo, como também produzir bagaço, no final do processo, com um grau de umidade que permita sua utilização como combustível nas caldeiras.
TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS
FBT 0534
1.
Óleos Vegetais e Gorduras Vegetais: são os produtos constituídos principalmente de glicerídeos de ácidos
graxos de espécie(s) vegetal(is). Podem conter pequenas quantidades de outros lipídeos como
fosfolipídeos, constituintes insaponificáveis e ácidos graxos livres naturalmente presentes no óleo ou na
gordura.
In the interest of consumer health, many fats and oils processors continuously strive to develop healthier preparation procedures. Following in the footsteps of its previous bestselling editions, Fats and Oils: Formulating and Processing for Applications, Third Edition delineates up-to-date processing procedures and formulation techniques as well as the effects of new ingredients, processing, and formulation on globally relevant applications.
In addition to examining all product categories, such as types of shortening, margarine, and liquid oil, this new edition includes an array of new features, including:
Expanded coverage of essential fatty acids and their health implications
Extended chapter on problem solving and discussion of trans fats
Added information on sterols and stanols usage, processing aids and additives, and specialty fats and oils
Improved quality management chapter
Doused with practical advice, this ready reference combines 45 years of indispensable literature with the personal experiences of the expert author. It is an essential knowledge base for determining the best way to make processing and formulation techniques healthier and more cost-effective.
Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas UpgradingKleberTorresSemprebo
Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading systematically summarizes the fundamental principles and the state-of-the-art of biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies, with special emphasis on biological processes for carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), siloxane, and hydrocarbon removal. After analyzing the global scenario of biogas production, upgrading and utilization, this book discusses the integration of methanation processes to power-to-gas systems for methane (CH4) production and physiochemical upgrading technologies, such as chemical absorption, water scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption and the use of membranes. It then explores more recent and sustainable upgrading technologies, such as photosynthetic processes using algae, hydrogen-mediated microbial techniques, electrochemical, bioelectrochemical, and cryogenic approaches. H2S removal with biofilters is also covered, as well as removal of siloxanes through polymerization, peroxidation, biological degradation and gas-liquid absorption. The authors also thoroughly consider issues of mass transfer limitation in biomethanation from waste gas, biogas upgrading and life cycle assessment of upgrading technologies, techno-economic aspects, challenges for upscaling, and future trends.
Providing specific information on biogas upgrading technology, and focusing on the most recent developments, Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading is a unique resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the field of biogas production and utilization, including waste-to-energy and power-to-gas. It is also useful for entrepreneurs, consultants, and decision-makers in governmental agencies in the fields of sustainable energy, environmental protection, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and strategic planning.
With pressure increasing to utilise wastes and residues effectively and sustainably, the production of biogas represents one of the most important routes towards reaching national and international renewable energy targets. The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications provides a comprehensive and systematic guide to the development and deployment of biogas supply chains and technology.
Following a concise overview of biogas as an energy option, part one explores biomass resources and fundamental science and engineering of biogas production, including feedstock characterisation, storage and pre-treatment, and yield optimisation. Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisation are the focus of part two. Topics considered include the engineering and process control of biogas plants, methane emissions in biogas production, and biogas digestate quality, utilisation and land application. Finally, part three discusses international experience and best practice in biogas utilisation. Biogas cleaning and upgrading to biomethane, biomethane use as transport fuel and the generation of heat and power from biogas for stationery applications are all discussed. The book concludes with a review of market development and biomethane certification schemes.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications is a practical reference to biogas technology for process engineers, manufacturers, industrial chemists and biochemists, scientists, researchers and academics working in this field.
The leading book on the market just got better: With its unique approach covering all aspects of setting up and running a biogas plant, this new edition has been expanded to include recent advances in biomass processing.
The author is a key player in the field, who has designed numerous small- and industrial-scale biogas plants, and who is also a long-time lecturer on biogas production, thus combining didactical skill with real-life expertise. As such, he covers both the biological and technical aspects of biogas generation. The full range of biogas substrates and processing modes is explained, from agricultural and industrial waste to marine algae and sediment. On-site use of biogas for conversion into electricity, fuel and heat is also discussed, as are safety and regulatory issues. Many real-life examples of European biogas plants already in operation illustrate the contents, as do numerous schemes, diagrams and summary tables.
For this new edition, biogas analytics and quality control required for feeding biogas into natural gas networks are included, as is a completely new chapter on the microbiology of biogas-producing bacterial communities.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.