BIOGENESIS OF GLYCOSIDES PHARMACOGNOSY BIOGENESIS OF ANTHRACENE GLYCOSIDES BIOGENESIS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES BIOGENESIS OF LACTONE , PHENOL , ALCOHOL AND ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES BIOGENESIS OF CYNOGENETIC GLYCOSIDES BIOGENESIS OF FLAVONOIDS GLYCOSIDES

1. Presented by
Miss Harshita singhai
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
DR. HARISINGH GOUR VISHWAVIDYALAYA SAGAR (M.P.)
( A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY )
Session 2019
BIOGENESIS OF GLYCOSIDES AND
GLYCOSIDIC DRUGS
1

2. C O N T E N T S
1. BIOGENESIS
2. GLYCOSIDES
3. BIOGENESIS OF GLYCOSIDES
4. BIOGENESIS OF ANTHRACENE GLYCOSIDES
5. BIOGENESIS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES
6. BIOGENESIS OF LACTONE , PHENOL , ALCOHOL AND ALDEHYDE
GLYCOSIDES
7. BIOGENESIS OF CYNOGENETIC GLYCOSIDES
8. BIOGENESIS OF FLAVONOIDS GLYCOSIDES
2

3. BIOGENESIS OF GLYCOSIDES
3

4. Biogenesis
• Biogenesis is the production of new living organisms from a living
organism. They are multistep enzyme catalysed reaction in which two
or more smaller or simpler molecule join together to form larger or
complex molecules in living organisms.
• Primary metabolites are substances that are needed for general
growth and physiological development of plant because of their basic
cell metabolism .
• Secondary metabolites are more limited in distribution and are
sometimes called as secretory products.
EX: Glycosides, lipids, tannins, flavonoids
aromatics amino acids, steroids,etc .
4

5. 5

6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS FOR PRODUCTION OF
PRIMARY METABOLITES
6

7. Transport of secondary metabolites in different cellular
compartments
7

8. GLyCOSIDES
Glycosides are organic compounds from plants and animal sources
which on enzymatic or acid hydrolysis give one or more sugar
moieties along with non sugar moiety. The former is called glycone
and the later is called aglycone or genin.
Chemical classification of glycosides
1. Steroidal or cardiac glycosides
2. Anthraquinone or anthracene glycoside
3. Saponin glycosides
4. Flavanoids glycosides
5. Coumarin glycosides
6. Aldehyde glycosides
7. Phenol glycosides
8. Steroidal glycosides
9. Cyanogenetic or cyanophoric glycosides
10. Glycosidal bitters 8

9. BIOGENESIS OF GLYCOSIDES
• The principal pathway of glycoside formation involves the transfer
of uridylyl group from uridine triphosphate {UTP} to sugar -1-
phosphate and the enzymes catalyzing this reaction are uridyline
transferases.
• The subsequent reaction controlled by enzymatic system glycosyl
tranferases involving transfer of sugar from uridine diphosphate to
aglycone moiety resulting in formation of glycoside.
{1} UTP + SUGAR -1- PHOSPHATE ↔ UDP-SUGAR +PPI
Enzyme : Uridyl transferase
{2} UDP-SUGAR + AGLYCONE ↔ GLYCOSIDE +UDP
Enzyme : Glycosyl transferases
9

10. 10

11. BIOGENESIS OF ANTHRACENE GLYCOSIDES
MICROORGANISM : Penicillium islandicum
11

12. BIOGENESIS OF ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES
• They are a class of class of naturally occurring phenolic
compounds based on 9,10 – anthraquinone skeleton. It
contain glucose as sugar part and sennidine A,B,C,D as non
sugar part. 12

13. 13

14. ALOE, CASCARA : SENNA LEAF
RHUBARB
14

15. COCHINEAL HYPERCIUM
15

16. BIOGENESIS OF LACTONE , PHENOL , ALCOHOL AND
ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES
16

17. PHENOL
GLYCOSIDE
BEARBERRY
,
ALDEHYDE
GLYCOSIDE
VANILLA
PODS
PHENOL
GLYCOSIDE
ANANTMUL
17

18. BIOGENESIS OF CYNOGENETIC GLYCOSIDES
Linamarin from valine and lotaustralin from isoleucine
18

19. BITTER ALMOND
WILD CHERRY BARK 19

20. BIOGENESIS OF FLAVONOIDS GLYCOSIDES
20

21. GINGKO SILYMARIN BUCKWHEAT21

22. 22

23. BLACK MUSTARD
23

24. • Kokate C.K., Purohit A.P., “A textbook of Pharmacognosy” by Nirali
Publications, Pune, edition 44, volume 1, 2, 2010, page number- 5.17
to 5.24 .
• Evans W.C.,” Pharmacognosy ” by Elsevier Publication , China ,
edition 16 ,1996 , page number – 156 to 157.
• Tyler V.E. and Brandy L.R. , “Pharmacognosy” ,by Wolters Kluwer
,India, edition 9, page number -58 to 61.
References
24

25. 25

26. 26