This document discusses some key flaws in traditional economic theory from a humanistic perspective, including its focus on egoism, materialism, and individualism. Regarding egoism, experimental evidence shows that humans are more benevolent than the self-interested "homo economicus" model. In terms of materialism, most economic outputs today are intangible rather than tangible goods. The document also argues that economics overlooks important human interactions and "relational goods" like relationships, communication, and social connections that are important for well-being and happiness but are non-market in nature. It suggests economics could be improved by taking a more relational perspective that incorporates these interpersonal dimensions of human life.
This document provides an excerpt from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations discussing the concept of the "invisible hand." It then presents a series of reading and analysis questions about Smith's description of the invisible hand and how it relates to individuals pursuing their self-interest in a way that promotes the greater societal good. Additional sources like videos and articles about the invisible hand are presented for analysis and comparison to Smith's original conception. Deeper learning activities are suggested that involve discussion, debate, and explanatory or argumentative writing about the costs and benefits of free markets and government intervention based on the various sources.
The document discusses the work of economist Friedrich Hayek and his views on complex adaptive systems and spontaneous order in economics. It summarizes that Hayek believed market order arises spontaneously from individual human actions rather than by design, and that knowledge is dispersed among many individuals. The document also provides an overview of research fellows at the Santa Fe Institute who study economics and complex systems.
CTGE Session 2 Globalisation and DevelopmentJames Wilson
The document outlines the agenda for a course on competitive territories in the global economy. It discusses several key topics:
1) Globalization and its implications for business competitiveness and territorial competitiveness.
2) Clusters, global value chains, and competitive territories. It will examine how clusters link firm and territorial competitiveness.
3) Open innovation and its relationship to territorial competitiveness.
4) Innovation systems and the role of public policy in supporting innovation and competitiveness within a territory.
The course aims to explore what makes territories competitive in the current global economic context.
The document is an analysis of the poem "To My Nine-Year Old Self" by Helen Dunmore. It summarizes the key details and themes in the poem. The poem is written from the perspective of the author speaking to her nine-year old self. It expresses nostalgia for her carefree childhood and envy for the innocence of her younger self. The present-day author sees herself as damaged physically, emotionally, and unhappy compared to her past self. She warns her younger self of fears for both their futures.
The Scientific Management And The Human Relations TheoriesKimberly Jones
The document discusses two major theories of international relations: realism and liberalism. Realism argues that states primarily act in self-interest to gain power, while liberalism believes that states can cooperate through international institutions and interdependence. The document evaluates which theory provides a more useful framework for understanding international relations, but does not state a clear conclusion.
1. The document discusses the Big Society policy in the UK and its implications for the relationship between the third sector and the state.
2. It analyzes the Big Society using theories of spontaneous order from Friedrich Hayek, suggesting that the third sector could be seen as a spontaneous order that is now decoupling from the state.
3. This decoupling or "great unsettlement" of the relationship signals a recasting of how the sector and state interact, with the state taking a less dominant role and the sector gaining more independence.
This document summarizes the key ideas of pragmatism and institutionalism. It discusses the views of early pragmatists like Peirce, James, and Dewey, as well as institutionalist thinkers like Veblen and Polanyi. Some of the main points covered include Veblen's concepts of conspicuous consumption and sabotage, Polanyi's notion of the double movement by which societies protect themselves from the destructive effects of unfettered markets, and his view that different societies develop different varieties of capitalism through re-embedding markets in different ways.
This document provides an excerpt from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations discussing the concept of the "invisible hand." It then presents a series of reading and analysis questions about Smith's description of the invisible hand and how it relates to individuals pursuing their self-interest in a way that promotes the greater societal good. Additional sources like videos and articles about the invisible hand are presented for analysis and comparison to Smith's original conception. Deeper learning activities are suggested that involve discussion, debate, and explanatory or argumentative writing about the costs and benefits of free markets and government intervention based on the various sources.
The document discusses the work of economist Friedrich Hayek and his views on complex adaptive systems and spontaneous order in economics. It summarizes that Hayek believed market order arises spontaneously from individual human actions rather than by design, and that knowledge is dispersed among many individuals. The document also provides an overview of research fellows at the Santa Fe Institute who study economics and complex systems.
CTGE Session 2 Globalisation and DevelopmentJames Wilson
The document outlines the agenda for a course on competitive territories in the global economy. It discusses several key topics:
1) Globalization and its implications for business competitiveness and territorial competitiveness.
2) Clusters, global value chains, and competitive territories. It will examine how clusters link firm and territorial competitiveness.
3) Open innovation and its relationship to territorial competitiveness.
4) Innovation systems and the role of public policy in supporting innovation and competitiveness within a territory.
The course aims to explore what makes territories competitive in the current global economic context.
The document is an analysis of the poem "To My Nine-Year Old Self" by Helen Dunmore. It summarizes the key details and themes in the poem. The poem is written from the perspective of the author speaking to her nine-year old self. It expresses nostalgia for her carefree childhood and envy for the innocence of her younger self. The present-day author sees herself as damaged physically, emotionally, and unhappy compared to her past self. She warns her younger self of fears for both their futures.
The Scientific Management And The Human Relations TheoriesKimberly Jones
The document discusses two major theories of international relations: realism and liberalism. Realism argues that states primarily act in self-interest to gain power, while liberalism believes that states can cooperate through international institutions and interdependence. The document evaluates which theory provides a more useful framework for understanding international relations, but does not state a clear conclusion.
1. The document discusses the Big Society policy in the UK and its implications for the relationship between the third sector and the state.
2. It analyzes the Big Society using theories of spontaneous order from Friedrich Hayek, suggesting that the third sector could be seen as a spontaneous order that is now decoupling from the state.
3. This decoupling or "great unsettlement" of the relationship signals a recasting of how the sector and state interact, with the state taking a less dominant role and the sector gaining more independence.
This document summarizes the key ideas of pragmatism and institutionalism. It discusses the views of early pragmatists like Peirce, James, and Dewey, as well as institutionalist thinkers like Veblen and Polanyi. Some of the main points covered include Veblen's concepts of conspicuous consumption and sabotage, Polanyi's notion of the double movement by which societies protect themselves from the destructive effects of unfettered markets, and his view that different societies develop different varieties of capitalism through re-embedding markets in different ways.
2. Indexes presentation about cycles forEdwinHauwert2
This document discusses several key issues in macroeconomics, including defining concepts like welfare and GDP, problems with using GDP as a measure of welfare, types of unemployment, and the relationship between unemployment and the business cycle. It notes debates around defining and measuring important macroeconomic indicators and uncertainties around how specific policies may impact these indicators.
This document provides an overview and analysis of monetary economics from the perspective of The Zeitgeist Movement. It defines key terms like economics, monetary systems, and capitalism. It then examines some of the core mechanisms and consequences of monetary economics, focusing on five attributes that are necessary to maintain the current economic system: 1) the need for perpetual cyclical consumption, 2) the abundance of scarcity, 3) the priority of profit, 4) the distortion of values, and 5) fiscal manipulation. It argues that these attributes inherently promote planned obsolescence, constant waste, and environmental destruction in the pursuit of economic growth. The document aims to provide an alternative view of economics that is more sustainable.
CPD in Social Justice and Trade Union Studies : What is Political Economy?Conor McCabe
This document discusses the concept of political economy and social reproduction. It provides the following key points:
1. Political economy looks to understand economic activity as part of a dynamic, contradictory social system rather than in isolation.
2. Social reproduction encompasses all the means by which society reproduces itself, including biological and social practices like child-rearing.
3. There are deep gender inequalities in care work, with women shouldering a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic labor.
Este es un movimiento que aboga por abrir los ojos de la humanidad a un nuevo y mejor mundo más equilibrado donde no existan la mayoría de los problemas más serios que existen hoy en día.
This document provides an overview and introduction to The Zeitgeist Movement and The Venus Project. It begins with a preface describing Jacque Fresco and The Venus Project, emphasizing the application of science to social problems. It then outlines some of the key issues facing society like environmental destruction, poverty, and conflict that current systems have failed to resolve. The document states that in order to transform society into something more sustainable and humane, we must understand the current problems and their root causes. It will present alternative economic models derived from assessing what is actually relevant to life and society. The document is intended to help readers expand their perspectives and approach the ideas with an open mind. It is organized into multiple parts that will examine the
This document provides an overview of sociology as an academic discipline. It discusses key concepts like sociological imagination, the three major theoretical approaches of structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social conflict theory. It also outlines some of the major figures in sociology and topics often analyzed through a sociological lens like gender, class, crime rates and global trends.
How To Start A Good Argumentative Essay. Online assignment writing service.Joanna Gardner
Here are a few ways this study could be expanded in the future:
1. Compare the experiences of African American male students who live on campus versus those who are exclusively online students. Online students may feel less connected to campus resources and the university community.
2. Interview faculty and staff to gain their perspectives on supporting African American male students. Administrators and instructors play an important role in creating an inclusive environment.
3. Expand the study to multiple universities to examine whether experiences differ in various regional and institutional contexts. A larger, more diverse sample could provide more generalizable insights.
4. Conduct a longitudinal study tracking a cohort of African American male students from their first year through graduation. This could provide insight into how
Individual behavior can explain collective social phenomena through an individualistic approach. This involves making assumptions about individual decision-making and behavior, and then showing how the aggregation of individual actions at a macro level can result in observed social outcomes. An individualistic explanation of a social phenomenon consists of linking micro-level individual choices and actions to the macro-level phenomenon through bridge and transformation assumptions. While making incorrect predictions signals the need to reexamine assumptions, individualistic explanations provide an alternative to purely structural explanations that view social phenomena as independent of individual behavior.
The document discusses the scope and method of economics. It defines economics as the science of administering scarce resources in human society. It explores the differences between theoretical, applied and welfare economics. It also discusses how economics aims to identify general patterns of uniformity in human behavior and use empirical testing to verify hypotheses and models. While there is significant agreement among economists, disagreements can arise from different social objectives, facts, or failures to follow logical rules. Ideologies are rationalizations of beliefs not based on scientific procedure and only convince those with similar motivations.
I have compiled these notes from different resources. I am hopeful that these notes will help students who are willing to grab information on this subject for civil services exams or university exams. Good Luck
The document discusses subjective aspects of economy from individual and societal perspectives. At the individual level, it discusses semiotics, relative deprivation, and motivation. At the societal level, it examines the philosophy gap in socioeconomic theories, equilibrium perturbations in markets, and media influence on reality construction. The key point is that economic behavior and well-being are subjective and influenced by non-economic factors like social relationships, personal growth, and cultural norms shaped by communication.
This document provides an overview of communication theory and symbolic interactionism. It discusses what constitutes a good theory and examines different images of theory. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom to offer explanations. Additionally, a theory should consist of interconnected concepts that shape perception and behavior. Symbolic interactionism holds that people act based on the meanings and interpretations they assign to people, things, and events through social interactions and language. George Herbert Mead was influential in developing this perspective, which was further advanced by his student Herbert Blumer through the term "symbolic interactionism."
Sociology 101 provides an overview of the field of sociology. It discusses what sociology is, what sociologists study, and the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Structural functionalism views society as a system whose parts work together to promote stability. Symbolic interactionism focuses on social interactions and how people construct shared meanings. Social conflict theory sees society as characterized by inequality that generates conflict and social change. The course examines how these theories are applied to understand various social institutions and issues.
This document provides an overview of economics. It defines economics as the study of how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make choices with scarce resources. It distinguishes between microeconomics, which studies individual and business decision-making, and macroeconomics, which studies overall economic activity and performance. Two key economic questions are examined: what goods and services are produced, how they are produced, and who receives them. The concept of incentives, tradeoffs, and opportunity costs are introduced as part of the "economic way of thinking."
Giuseppe Argiolas: Doing well and doing goodMaja Čalfová
The document discusses achieving business success through a multidimensional perspective. It argues business success can be achieved through economizing and strategizing. Economizing refers to effectively utilizing internal resources like patents, technology, and knowledge. Strategizing involves managing external relationships with clients, suppliers, competitors, and local communities. Knowledge is a key resource, and there are different types like explicit, tacit, and organizational knowledge created through experience, learning from others, and being guided by ideals.
Lorna Gold: The EoC: A valid proposal for today's world (economy)?Maja Čalfová
The document discusses the proposal of an Economy of Communion (EOC) model as a valid response to the challenges of today's global economy. It outlines four converging crises: social inequality, environmental sustainability, governance issues, and jobless growth. It then examines the risks of growing corporate power and influence, including threats to human rights and accountability. The EOC model is presented as bringing integrity, ensuring ethical supply chains, innovation, responding to community needs, profit sharing, anti-corruption, and a vision of equity. Its strengths lie in the power of its example, unity, and commitment to the common good.
This document lists several North American Economy of Communion businesses including their names, locations, and industries. Some examples are Eos Finish Line Tutoring in Hyde Park, New York, Consort International and Sofia Violins stringed instruments company in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Zophia fashion design in Washington D.C. The document also mentions a food truck service and upcoming events from the North American EoC Commission including a 2013 expo and a new book on North American EoC companies.
The document summarizes the activities of the Economy of Communion group in Austria over the past 3 years. The group meets monthly and has engaged in activities like brainstorming sessions, visiting local businesses, training workshops, and dialogues with students and business leaders. They have provided support to startup companies and helped a business in crisis develop a new business model. The goal is to spread awareness of the Economy of Communion and make it accessible to all in Austria.
A Economia de Comunhão no Brasil conta com 142 empresas aderentes e 46 simpatizantes, distribuídas principalmente no Sudeste. Há dois polos empresariais, um em Pernambuco com 9 empresas e 1.140 acionistas e outro em São Paulo com 7 empresas e 4.202 acionistas. A associação é presidida por Maria Helena e conta com a participação de 210 pessoas ajudadas em suas atividades.
El documento describe la historia y situación actual de la Economía de Comunión en Francia y España. En Francia, la Economía de Comunión comenzó en 1996 con pioneros y ahora incluye empresarios comprometidos y una comunidad multimedia. En España, existe una comisión local y asociación que ayudan a difundir la Economía de Comunión a través de varias comunidades locales y medios de comunicación.
2. Indexes presentation about cycles forEdwinHauwert2
This document discusses several key issues in macroeconomics, including defining concepts like welfare and GDP, problems with using GDP as a measure of welfare, types of unemployment, and the relationship between unemployment and the business cycle. It notes debates around defining and measuring important macroeconomic indicators and uncertainties around how specific policies may impact these indicators.
This document provides an overview and analysis of monetary economics from the perspective of The Zeitgeist Movement. It defines key terms like economics, monetary systems, and capitalism. It then examines some of the core mechanisms and consequences of monetary economics, focusing on five attributes that are necessary to maintain the current economic system: 1) the need for perpetual cyclical consumption, 2) the abundance of scarcity, 3) the priority of profit, 4) the distortion of values, and 5) fiscal manipulation. It argues that these attributes inherently promote planned obsolescence, constant waste, and environmental destruction in the pursuit of economic growth. The document aims to provide an alternative view of economics that is more sustainable.
CPD in Social Justice and Trade Union Studies : What is Political Economy?Conor McCabe
This document discusses the concept of political economy and social reproduction. It provides the following key points:
1. Political economy looks to understand economic activity as part of a dynamic, contradictory social system rather than in isolation.
2. Social reproduction encompasses all the means by which society reproduces itself, including biological and social practices like child-rearing.
3. There are deep gender inequalities in care work, with women shouldering a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic labor.
Este es un movimiento que aboga por abrir los ojos de la humanidad a un nuevo y mejor mundo más equilibrado donde no existan la mayoría de los problemas más serios que existen hoy en día.
This document provides an overview and introduction to The Zeitgeist Movement and The Venus Project. It begins with a preface describing Jacque Fresco and The Venus Project, emphasizing the application of science to social problems. It then outlines some of the key issues facing society like environmental destruction, poverty, and conflict that current systems have failed to resolve. The document states that in order to transform society into something more sustainable and humane, we must understand the current problems and their root causes. It will present alternative economic models derived from assessing what is actually relevant to life and society. The document is intended to help readers expand their perspectives and approach the ideas with an open mind. It is organized into multiple parts that will examine the
This document provides an overview of sociology as an academic discipline. It discusses key concepts like sociological imagination, the three major theoretical approaches of structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social conflict theory. It also outlines some of the major figures in sociology and topics often analyzed through a sociological lens like gender, class, crime rates and global trends.
How To Start A Good Argumentative Essay. Online assignment writing service.Joanna Gardner
Here are a few ways this study could be expanded in the future:
1. Compare the experiences of African American male students who live on campus versus those who are exclusively online students. Online students may feel less connected to campus resources and the university community.
2. Interview faculty and staff to gain their perspectives on supporting African American male students. Administrators and instructors play an important role in creating an inclusive environment.
3. Expand the study to multiple universities to examine whether experiences differ in various regional and institutional contexts. A larger, more diverse sample could provide more generalizable insights.
4. Conduct a longitudinal study tracking a cohort of African American male students from their first year through graduation. This could provide insight into how
Individual behavior can explain collective social phenomena through an individualistic approach. This involves making assumptions about individual decision-making and behavior, and then showing how the aggregation of individual actions at a macro level can result in observed social outcomes. An individualistic explanation of a social phenomenon consists of linking micro-level individual choices and actions to the macro-level phenomenon through bridge and transformation assumptions. While making incorrect predictions signals the need to reexamine assumptions, individualistic explanations provide an alternative to purely structural explanations that view social phenomena as independent of individual behavior.
The document discusses the scope and method of economics. It defines economics as the science of administering scarce resources in human society. It explores the differences between theoretical, applied and welfare economics. It also discusses how economics aims to identify general patterns of uniformity in human behavior and use empirical testing to verify hypotheses and models. While there is significant agreement among economists, disagreements can arise from different social objectives, facts, or failures to follow logical rules. Ideologies are rationalizations of beliefs not based on scientific procedure and only convince those with similar motivations.
I have compiled these notes from different resources. I am hopeful that these notes will help students who are willing to grab information on this subject for civil services exams or university exams. Good Luck
The document discusses subjective aspects of economy from individual and societal perspectives. At the individual level, it discusses semiotics, relative deprivation, and motivation. At the societal level, it examines the philosophy gap in socioeconomic theories, equilibrium perturbations in markets, and media influence on reality construction. The key point is that economic behavior and well-being are subjective and influenced by non-economic factors like social relationships, personal growth, and cultural norms shaped by communication.
This document provides an overview of communication theory and symbolic interactionism. It discusses what constitutes a good theory and examines different images of theory. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom to offer explanations. Additionally, a theory should consist of interconnected concepts that shape perception and behavior. Symbolic interactionism holds that people act based on the meanings and interpretations they assign to people, things, and events through social interactions and language. George Herbert Mead was influential in developing this perspective, which was further advanced by his student Herbert Blumer through the term "symbolic interactionism."
Sociology 101 provides an overview of the field of sociology. It discusses what sociology is, what sociologists study, and the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Structural functionalism views society as a system whose parts work together to promote stability. Symbolic interactionism focuses on social interactions and how people construct shared meanings. Social conflict theory sees society as characterized by inequality that generates conflict and social change. The course examines how these theories are applied to understand various social institutions and issues.
This document provides an overview of economics. It defines economics as the study of how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make choices with scarce resources. It distinguishes between microeconomics, which studies individual and business decision-making, and macroeconomics, which studies overall economic activity and performance. Two key economic questions are examined: what goods and services are produced, how they are produced, and who receives them. The concept of incentives, tradeoffs, and opportunity costs are introduced as part of the "economic way of thinking."
Similar to Benedetto Gui: Towars a realtional perspective in economics (14)
Giuseppe Argiolas: Doing well and doing goodMaja Čalfová
The document discusses achieving business success through a multidimensional perspective. It argues business success can be achieved through economizing and strategizing. Economizing refers to effectively utilizing internal resources like patents, technology, and knowledge. Strategizing involves managing external relationships with clients, suppliers, competitors, and local communities. Knowledge is a key resource, and there are different types like explicit, tacit, and organizational knowledge created through experience, learning from others, and being guided by ideals.
Lorna Gold: The EoC: A valid proposal for today's world (economy)?Maja Čalfová
The document discusses the proposal of an Economy of Communion (EOC) model as a valid response to the challenges of today's global economy. It outlines four converging crises: social inequality, environmental sustainability, governance issues, and jobless growth. It then examines the risks of growing corporate power and influence, including threats to human rights and accountability. The EOC model is presented as bringing integrity, ensuring ethical supply chains, innovation, responding to community needs, profit sharing, anti-corruption, and a vision of equity. Its strengths lie in the power of its example, unity, and commitment to the common good.
This document lists several North American Economy of Communion businesses including their names, locations, and industries. Some examples are Eos Finish Line Tutoring in Hyde Park, New York, Consort International and Sofia Violins stringed instruments company in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Zophia fashion design in Washington D.C. The document also mentions a food truck service and upcoming events from the North American EoC Commission including a 2013 expo and a new book on North American EoC companies.
The document summarizes the activities of the Economy of Communion group in Austria over the past 3 years. The group meets monthly and has engaged in activities like brainstorming sessions, visiting local businesses, training workshops, and dialogues with students and business leaders. They have provided support to startup companies and helped a business in crisis develop a new business model. The goal is to spread awareness of the Economy of Communion and make it accessible to all in Austria.
A Economia de Comunhão no Brasil conta com 142 empresas aderentes e 46 simpatizantes, distribuídas principalmente no Sudeste. Há dois polos empresariais, um em Pernambuco com 9 empresas e 1.140 acionistas e outro em São Paulo com 7 empresas e 4.202 acionistas. A associação é presidida por Maria Helena e conta com a participação de 210 pessoas ajudadas em suas atividades.
El documento describe la historia y situación actual de la Economía de Comunión en Francia y España. En Francia, la Economía de Comunión comenzó en 1996 con pioneros y ahora incluye empresarios comprometidos y una comunidad multimedia. En España, existe una comisión local y asociación que ayudan a difundir la Economía de Comunión a través de varias comunidades locales y medios de comunicación.
Zumbi dos Palmares Settlement in Branquinha, Alagoas, Brazil is breaking the cycle of poverty through local solidarity and development strategies based on Economy of Communion principles. The settlement was established on former latifundium estates and now receives support from institutions like the World United Institute and Federal University of Alagoas. Through initiatives like an agricultural cooperative, craft production, and certified organic farming, the community has improved social, economic, and political conditions over 15 years. The model aims to make the settlement's dream of a better life for its people a reality and provide an example of innovative, sustainable local development.
Primavera started in the mid-1980s as a small business opportunity to help young people from the village through open doors and principles of sharing. It aims to be a concrete expression of God's love for each person who enters it through ethics in selling, giving back by helping struggling small enterprises, and living as entrepreneurs of communion where size does not matter and one helps others rather than blame. Primavera sees providence in seeking credit in time to continue growing as a reciprocating enterprise.
El documento habla sobre la comunión entre empresas de diferentes países. Brevemente menciona la importancia de la cooperación entre compañías de Italia, Francia, España y Portugal para fomentar el crecimiento económico y el intercambio cultural a través de las fronteras.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Este documento resume las actividades de la Comisión de México para promover la Economía de Comunión a través de congresos y reuniones. Detalla tres congresos realizados entre 2012 y 2014 sobre este tema. También menciona la Escuela de Verano de 2014 donde jóvenes de varios países latinoamericanos aprendieron sobre el impacto de la Economía de Comunión en los empresarios. Incluye testimonios de dos personas sobre cómo esta filosofía los inspiró a aplicarla en sus propios negocios de manera concreta, ayud
El documento resume la experiencia de la Economía de Comunión en Cuba. Comenzó como un seminario de ciencias sociales que presentó los principios de la EdC a dos economistas cubanos, Ernesto y Yosniel, quienes fundaron EnCuba para aplicarlos a través de proyectos productivos y de apoyo a emprendedores. La EdC ha ido creciendo en Cuba a pesar de los obstáculos del sistema político-económico, y ahora incluye varias iniciativas en diferentes provincias.
Frontier Caravans is an Economy of Communion start-up business in Melbourne, Australia that manufactures and sells recreational vehicles. The business is founded on principles of upholding human dignity, honesty, respecting competitors, engaging with the local community, and donating a portion of profits to projects that help people in need. As an Economy of Communion business, Frontier Caravans aims to build trust and reciprocity through cooperation with other EoC businesses and contributing to the overall mission of ensuring no one is in need.
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Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SUmsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
Garments ERP Software in Bangladesh _ Pridesys IT Ltd.pdfPridesys IT Ltd.
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Dive into this presentation and learn about the ways in which you can buy an engagement ring. This guide will help you choose the perfect engagement rings for women.
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
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Benedetto Gui: Towars a realtional perspective in economics
1. Towards a relational perspective in economics
Benedetto Gui
Sophia University Institute, Loppiano, Florence
2. Which is the greatest flaw of the economic
science for someone with a humanistic taste?
• Egoism
• Materialism
• Individualism
3. Egoism: experimental evidence
• Engel (2010) examines 328 experiments of
‘dictator game’, with a total of 20,813
osservazioni.
• 36% of players give nothing (or the minimum
amount)
• Engel’s final comment: “No doubt humans are
systematically more benevolent than “homo
oeconomicus”
6. Materialism: most outputs are intangible
Ukraine 9.4 34.4 56.2 2011 est.
United Arab
Emirates
0.8 53.9 45.3 2011 est.
United
Kingdom
0.7 21.4 77.8 2011 est.
United States 1.2 19.2 79.6 2011 est.
Uruguay 9.4 21.7 68.9 2011 est.
Hong Kong 0.1 6.8 93.2 2011 est.
Hungary 3.7 31.3 65.0 2011 est.
India 17.2 26.4 56.4 2011 est.
Indonesia 14.7 47.2 38.1 2011 est.
Iran 10.4 37.7 51.8 2011 est.
Country Agriculture Industry Services Year[1]
Afghanistan 34.9 25.0 40.0 2008 est.
Albania 20.7 19.7 59.6 2011 est.
Algeria 12.0 56.5 31.5 2011 est.
7. Intangible goods and economic reasoning
The concepts developed by economic theory
regarding production and consumption of, or
investment in, material goods can be
extended quite naturally to intangible goods
8. "Perhaps the grossest flaw in the economist's traditional
view of •the human being is illustrated by the attention
we devote to his •man-thing activities as opposed to
man-man activities.
Our •textbooks talk of tastes for cheese or shoes or
automobiles, rarely for desires for children or mates or
subordinates or fraternal associates.
Other social scientists… have just •scorned this view of
man as rational unaffiliated thing-consumer, •interacting
with others only through market exchange.“
Jack Hirschleifer (1978). Natural Economy Versus Political
Economy, Journal of Social & Biological Structures 1: 319-37.
Individualism, individualism!
9. How we got there (1)
Modern economic theory developed with a
special focus on the market mechanism
(economists were fascinated by its features and
furthermore it represented a separate sphere,
the domain of the students of a new science).
But the market lends itself well to exchanging
goods of a private nature, so the students of the
market are led to focus on them, and on the
needs those goods can satisfy.
10. How we got there (2)
Some XIX scholars were aware of this problem.
In particular in the German-speaking academy there
was a debate whether economists should also
consider “relationship-goods”, such as “relationships
of hospitality, love, family”.
Authors such as Menger and Böhm-Bawerk were
involved. They took somewhat contradictory
positions, and in the end the question was
abandoned.
Two possible explanations:
i) greater complexity of such “goods”;
ii) ii) individualistic orientation of the economic
discipline, especially in the Anglo-Saxon tradition.
11. What the glasses of economics do not see.
An extreme case: Walras’ general equilibrium
The economy is essentially a set of markets.
Economic interaction is synonymous with exchange
Exchange is centralized, and proceeds as follows:
o an auctioneer announces a price for each good;
o economic agents declare how much they intend to sell/buy of
each good at those prices;
o the auctioneer raises the price proposed for the goods whose
demand exceeds supply, and viceversa;
o agents respond reformulating their demand/supply , and so
on until all markets clear;
o at this points each agent delivers/withdraws the quantities
announced.
• Agents do not need to interact directly with each other
12. What is missing in Walras’ description? (1)
1) The richness of communication
processes and their manifold effects
13. A modern attempt at enriching the
economists’ view of human interactions
Manski (2000): beside «market interactions»
there exist «social interactions»
More precisely, actions by others influence:
- our constraints (if others take that road, my
travel time increases)
- our information (a queue outside a shop
signals favorable price/quality ratios)
- our preferences (conformism, choice to live in
an area depend on who else does it )
14. In the end Manski admits:
“… I have restricted attention to processes in
which agents affect each other through actions.
A more general class of interactions permits the
preferences, expectations and constraints of one
agent to affect the preferences, expectations,
and constraints of another agent in ways that
are not mediated through actions...
After all, humans do communicate about all
sorts of things" (Manski, 2000, p. 121).
15. What does direct communication
permit, or facilitate?
• Education
• Psychotherapy
• Therapy
• Reputation
• Coordination (e.g. in organizations)
• Innovation diffusion
• …
16. And furthermore
As the economic agent is more than an
«economic man», economic interactions are in
fact a multidimensional encounter.
Especially in face-to-face events humans also
interact on the affective level, communicate
mutual dispositions (and value them greatly).
[Social psychology has a lot to say about this]
17. What is missing in Walras’ description? (2)
2) Communication responds to intrinsic
(i.e. non-instrumental) needs
i. workers take or leave jobs because of the
interpersonal climate (not only wages,…)
ii. the quality of life depends on the intensity
and content of informal social interactions
19. Satisfaction with the job as a whole vs. other items of
satisfaction (Borzaga & Depedri, 2005; ordered probit)
Variables Coeff. P[|Z|>z] Signif.
Constant -1.4041 .0000 ***
professional development 0.1647 .0000 ***
Decision-making autonomy 0.0491 .0031 ***
recognition of one’s contribution 0.0963 .0000 ***
variety and creativity of the job 0.1255 .0000 ***
the working environment 0.0497 .0017 ***
the social usefulness of the job 0.0874 .0000 ***
the salary 0.0691 .0000 ***
Working hours 0.0581 .0003 ***
Previous career advancements -0.0113 .5809
future career advancements -0.0109 .6056
job security 0.0268 .0615 *
relations with superiors 0.1117 .0000 ***
relations with colleagues 0.0388 .0339 **
Significance: ***=less than 1%, **=less than 5%, *=less than 10%.
20. What about satisfaction with life,
or «happiness»?
A vast literature has investigated
«subjective well-being» following the
seminal work by Richard Easterling
(1974).
Information is collected through
questionnaires by asking people
about their feelings, or else their
evaluation of their own life.
22. China’s economic miracle and happiness
S.Bartolini & F.Sarracino. The dark side of Chinese growth: Explaining decreasing
well-being in times of economic boom, MPRA WP No. 5776, Aug. 2014.
23. If not GDPpc or income, what brings happiness?
Better look at interpersonal relationships!
But, paradoxically, happiness studies give us a money
equivalent of:
• being married
o 100,000 $ per year (Blanchflower and Oswald, 2004, US)
o 50,500£ per year (Powdthavee, 2006, UK)
• having an additional associate in one’s neighbourhood
o 438 € per month (Groot et al. 2006, Netherland)
• having the opportunity of meeting friends often
o 85,000£ per year (Powdthavee, 2006, UK)
Do not be horrified! If this is so, economic science must take
these entities into account.
24. Relational goods
One way of describing the evidence above
within the language of economic theory is by
making recourse to the notion of «good»,
something that :
- satisfies to a need
- and has a cost
Hence the expression «relational goods»
25. Humans like/need entities such as:
• recognition
• consideration
• belonging
• company
• sharing sentiments
• mutual understanding
• Love
26. Do such entities have a cost?
Beware the difference between cost and price.
Cost has to do with what you must give up in
order to obtain a good
For relational goods to come into existence
something certainly must be diverted from
other activities: time
27. "the increasing supply of material goods per hour
worked means that <<time becomes scarcer in
relation to goods>> .. more time is needed for
consuming more material goods, and … there is a
decreased quantity of time available for the time-
consuming activities of sociability and friendliness”
Fred Hirsch, Social Limits to Growth, 1978, p.262-3
Apart from time, what else is needed for
obtaining, or «producing» relational goods?
28. The strange «production technology»
of relational goods
Relational goods are produced in personalised
interactions by interactants themselves (who are
also those who «consume» them)
Most often relational goods arise as a side product
of other activities that lead people to interact face
to face (to be envolved in «encounter»).
Also «relational bads» can be produced (and –
inevitably – consumed) in encounters. So how the
interaction develops makes a lot of difference.
29. Modelling consumption in interaction
(extending Gary Becker’s suggestions)
INTERACTANTS’HUMAN RESOURCES
time &
effort
human capital
specific non-specific
NON-HUMAN
RESOURCES
(intermediate
goods & services)
«PRO-SUMPTION»PROCESS
changes in
human
capital
(specific &
non-specific)
EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
(physical &
social)
changes in
the external
environment
(physical &
social)
final
commodities
consumed
(action-
dependent)
final
commodities
consumed
(attitude-
dependent)
30. By the way:
relational vs. environmental goods
- both are ignored in national accounting
- both involve capital goods that tend not to be
recognized
- if classes of important goods are disregarded, the
conventional search for efficiency tends to be
biased and therefore counterproductive
- both can be part of a more humane and possibly
more satisfactory economic lifestyle (even a more
efficient one)
31. EXCHANGES? ENCOUNTERS!
RELATIONAL GOODS INSIDE THE ECONOMIC SPHERE
HUMAN RESOURCES OF INTERACTANTS
time and effort
“human capital”
non relation-
specific
relation-specific
NON-HUMAN
RESOURCES
(transportation,
accommodation)
ENCOUNTER
exchanges
Provision
of services
execution of
productive or
decision-
making tasks
relational
consumption
goods
changes in
interactants’
human capital
External
environment
Intentions and
motivations
32. A final comment
The concept of relational goods helps us enlarge our
vision of economic life, but it is still quite simple
from the anthropological point of view.
It cannot adequately express a vision of humans
beings as having a vocation for communion, a vision
of human fulfilment that passes through going out
of oneself and opening to others (and hopefully be
reciprocated by them).
Yet it is a useful tool for bringing something of this
vision into the standard economic discourse.