Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith, a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts. He created the game to keep his students active indoors during the winter. The first game used a soccer ball and peach baskets attached to the balcony as goals. Naismith drafted the original 13 rules of the game which were published in 1892. Basketball quickly spread through YMCA organizations and into schools and colleges. The game has evolved with standardized equipment like backboards and metal rims, as well as rule changes, but remains founded on Naismith's initial invention and rules.

1. Basketball

2. History of Basketball
JAMES NAISMITH
- introduced basketball on December 21, 1891.
- he was a physical education instructor at the School for Christian
Workers (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
- created a team sport that could be played indoors during winter.
LUTHER GULICK
- head of the school’s physical education department.
- he ordered James Naismith to create a recreational activities to relief
from all calisthenics and drills for the students.

3. 1. Naismith decided to use a soccer ball because it was large enough to
catch easily.
2. He asked the building superintendent for two boxes to use as goals.
3. Instead of boxes, Naismith used two peach baskets.
4. The baskets were attached to a gymnasium balcony railing 3 meters
above the floor.
5. The first game took place between members of Naismith’s physical
education class in December, 1891.

4. 5 BASIC PRINCIPLES RULES
1. The game is played with a round ball and with the hands.
2. A player cannot run with the ball.
3. Any player can take up any position on the playing court at any time.
4. There shall be no physical contact between players.
5. The goal(baskets) shall be placed horizontally above the floor of the court.
- Naismith drafted the original 13 rules of the game.
- The rules were published in Triangle magazine in 15, January, 1892, under
the title “ a New Game”.
- Basketball was being played by YMCA(Young Men’s Christian Association)
teams, secondary school and college teams, as well as professional teams.

5. The Original 13 Rules of Basketball
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be battled in any direction with one or both hands (never with
the fist.)
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on
which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball
when running at a good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands, the arms or body are not to be
used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking, in any way the person
of an opponent shall be allowed, the first infringement of this rule by any
person shall count as a foul , the second shall disqualify him until the next goal
is made, or if there was evident intent to injure the person for the whole of the
game, no substitute allowed.

6. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of the rules 3, 4 and such
described in rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutives fouls, it shall count a goal for the
opponents. Consecutive means without the opponent in the meantime making
a foul.
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into
the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or
disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponent moves the
basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of the bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and
played by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall
throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he
holds it longer, it shall go to opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game,
the umpire shall call a foul on it.

7. 10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the
referee when the three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the
power to disqualify men according to rule 5.
11. The referee shall judge possession of the ball and shall decide when the ball
is in the plays, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He
shall decide when the goal has been made, and keep account of the goals, with
any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two fifteen minute halves, with five minutes rest
between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.
Incase of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued
with any until another goal is made.

8. March 2, 1892
- the first basketball game played in public between the students and
teachers at the Springfield College.
- the students won 5- 1.
Basketball began it world-wide movement as the game and introduced in
Mexico.
LEW ALLEN of Hartford, Connecticut
- made cylindrical baskets of heavy woven wire to eliminate Naismith’s
peach baskets.
-The rims were hung at the balcony and some spectators amused themselves
by diverting the ball away from the hoop.
- free throws were introduced.

9. Definition:
• BASKETBALL – is played by two (2) teams of five players each. The aim
each team is to score into the opponents’ basket and to prevent the other
team from gaining control of the ball or scoring.
• BASKET: OWN/OPPONENTS’ –the basket that is attacked by a team is
the opponents’ basket and the basket which is defended by a team is the
team’s own basket.
• BALL MOVEMENT – the ball may be passed, thrown, tapped, rolled or
dribbled in any direction, subject to the restrictions of the relevant articles of
the rules.
• WINNER OF THE GAME – the team that has scored the greater number of
points at the end of playing time of the fourth period, or if necessary, any
extra period shall be the winner of the game.

10. Basketball Court Dimensions

11. FREE THROW LANE

12. EQUIPMENT
BALL – basketball played with a round brown or orange inflated leather
ball. A standard basketball weighs between 600-500 grams and is between
75 and 78 centimeters in circumference.

13. BACKBOARD AND BASKET

14. • BASKET - The basket is a steel rim 18 inches (46 cm) diameter with an
attached net affixed to a backboard that measures 6 by 3.5 feet (1.8 by 1.1
meters) and one basket is at each end of the court.
• BACKBOARD - are flat, raised, vertical boards with mounted baskets or rims
that are used to assist or return the ball after a shot in a basketball game.
Backboards, which are typically constructed of tempered glass or Plexiglas,
are intended to withstand player dunks without shattering.
- The rectangular structure, 6x4, to which the basket is attached.