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Human Immunodeficiency Virus / AIDS 101 in the Workplace
- 1. HIV 101 in the Workplace
- 2. Outline of the Presentation Background Global National Definition of HIV and AIDS Modes of Transmission What is HIV? Difference of HIV and AIDS Prevention and Treatment Stigma, Discrimination and Confidentiality What’s Next?
- 3. Session Objectives 1 Define and differentiate HIV and AIDS 4 Know how to prevent HIV and AIDS 7 Know the confidentiality rights of PLHIV 2 Explain how HIV is transmitted 5 Discuss brief background on HIV and AIDS Policy Act 8 Know the corresponding penalties of the law 3 Know the current HIV AIDS cases in the country 6 Discuss Stigma and Discrimination 9 Know what’s next
- 4. HIV (Global and National) 38.4M People Living with HIV Global 114, 008 People Living with HIV Philippines Source: World Health Organization HIV and AIDS Registry of the Philippines (HARP) Report for 2023
- 5. HIV Cases from 1984 to 2022 Source: HIV and AIDS Registry of the Philippines (HARP) Report Legend: Average Cases Per Day Number of Deaths Per Year 177 461 679 982 54 As of March 2023
- 6. HIV in the Philippines Source: HIV and AIDS Registry of the Philippines (HARP) Report for 2023 Age Distribution (as of March 2023) Regional Distribution (as of March 2023)
- 7. HIV in the Philippines Source: HIV and AIDS Registry of the Philippines (HARP) Report for 2023 SEX MALE 97% MODE OF TRANSMISSION SEXUAL CONTACT 97% MALE TO MALE SEX 73%
- 8. KNOWLEDGE TEST I am HIV positive, now my life is OVER. I CAN get HIV by being around people who are HIV positive. I would NOT be able to tell if my partner or I were HIV positive. I CANNOT get HIV from mosquitoes. I am straight and don’t inject drugs, so I CANNOT get HIV. I CAN get HIV from oral sex. My partner and I are both HIV positive, so there is NO NEED to use condoms.
- 9. What is HIV? This virus can only infect human beings The virus weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infection This organism is a virus, which causes HIV infection uman mmunodeficiency irus H I V
- 10. What is AIDS? The infection is transmitted from one infected person to uninfected person The immune system is weakened Creates a deficiency of CD4+ cells in the immune system cquired mmune eficiency A person contracts one or more opportunistic infection(s) which may lead to death yndrome A I D S
- 11. WHO Clinical Staging of HIV STAGE 1 Asymptomatic STAGE 2 Mild disease STAGE 3 Advanced STAGE 4 Severe “HIV-infected” “AIDS” Asymptomatic Persistent generalized lymphadenophathy Average 10 years Antibodies are detectable in blood The immune system deteriorates Opportunistic infections start to appear Rapid decline in number of CD4 T cells Opportunistic infections become severe and cancer may develop HIV INFECTION AIDS
- 12. HIV Progression
- 13. Difference Between HIV and AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes HIV infection that attacks the body’s immune system Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection
- 14. Modes of Transmission SEXUAL CONTACT Thru UNPROTECTED SEX with an INFECTED PERSON Heterosexual Homosexual Bisexual EXPOSURE TO INFECTED BLOOD Injecting Drugs Needle Sharing Blood Transfusion or Organ Transplant Occupational Exposure INFECTED MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION Pregnancy Childbirth Breastfeeding
- 15. Four Principles of Transmission SURVIVABILIT Y The virus must be in an environment where it can survive. EXIT The virus must exit the body of an infected person. SUFFICIENCY There must be sufficient quantities of the virus present to cause infection. ENTRY The virus must enter the bloodstream of another person.
- 16. Mechanism of Transmission VEHICLES OF TRANSMISSION: ● Semen ● Vaginal Secretion ● Breastmilk ● Blood MODES OFTRANSMISSION: ● Unprotected Sexual Act ● Mother to Child ● Blood transfusion and injections ENTRY OF INFECTION: ● Lining of the vagina, rectum, opening of the urethra ● Wounds or breaks in the skin PLHIV UNINFECTED PERSON
- 17. HIV is not transmitted through the following: 1 Coughing and sneezing 4 Public baths 7 Water and Food 2 Insect bites 5 Work or school contact 8 Handshakes 3 Touching, hugging and kissing 6 Sharing utensils 9 Sharing of beds
- 18. Symptoms of HIV Symptoms vary from person to person, some people who have HIV may have “flu-like” symptoms (2-4 weeks) after exposure.
- 19. Window Period The period of time after someone may have been exposed to HIV, but before a test can detect it (up to 3 months)
- 21. Prevention and Treatment Get Tested Use Condoms Get on Treatment Take PrEP PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) can reduce your chance of getting HIV from usual modes of transmission. When taken as prescribed. PrEP is highly effective for preventing HIV. Get Tested at least once or more often if you are at risk. Use condoms the right way every time you have sex. If you think you are exposed to HIV, consult the nearest health care provider HIV has NO CURE
- 22. HIV TESTING + Positive ● HIV antibody found. ● Have the virus and can pass to others. ● Need to begin treatment immediately. - Negative ● No HIV antibody found. ● May not have HIV (consider window period). ● Retest in three months
- 23. Republic Act 11166 The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) was strengthened by the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018 or RA 11166. Under the new law, the PNAC is mandated to spearhead the country’s HIV response through the development and implementation of policies and programs. PNAC ensures access to HIV- and AIDS-related services by eliminating the climate of stigma and discrimination and by addressing and seeking to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection — which include poverty, gender inequality, marginalization, and ignorance. RA 11166 also states that members shall also develop and implement individual action plans.
- 24. Philippine National AIDS Council Composition 12 National Government Agencies 1 Private Organization 2 Reps from PLHIV Community 6 CSOs/NGOs ● Department of Health (DOH) ● Department of Education (DepEd) ● Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) ● Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) ● Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) ● Civil Service Commission (CSC) ● Commission on Higher Education (CHED) ● National Youth Commission (NYC) ● Philippine Information Agency (PIA) ● Department of Budget and Management (DBM) ● Senate of the Philippines (Chairperson of the Committee on Health and Demography) ● House of Representatives (Chairperson of the Committee on Health) Honorary Members: ● Department of Justice (DOJ) ● Commission on Human Rights (CHR) ● Pinoy Plus Advocacy Pilipinas, Inc. (PPAPI) ● Positive Action Foundation Philippines Inc. (PAFPI) ● AIDS Society of the Philippines (ASP) ● Action for Health Initiatives, Inc. (ACHIEVE) ● TLF SHARE Collective, Inc. ● Pilipinas Shell Foundation, Inc. (PSFI) ● Alliance Against AIDS in Mindanao, Inc.
- 25. Stigma and Discrimination External Stigma the experience of individual treated differently to other people. Internal Stigma the way a person feels about themselves (e.g. shame, fear of rejection, discrimination).
- 26. Stigma and Discrimination Discrimination The unfair treatment of people living with HIV and AIDS based on their status.
- 27. Confidentiality Penalties The confidentiality and privacy of any individual, who has been tested for HIV, has been exposed to HIV, has HIV infection or HIV-AIDS related illness, or was treated for HIV related illness shall be guaranteed according to the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act, RA 11166. Under RA 11166, employers who violate the law and discriminate against people living with HIV and AIDS and breach the confidentiality may face the corresponding penalties: ● Imprisonment of 6 months to 4 years. ● Fines ranging from 50,000 to 500,000 pesos. It is important to note that these penalties are not limited to employers only, but also to any person who violates the law by discriminating against people living with HIV and AIDS
- 28. Penalties Under RA 11166, employers who violate the law and discriminate against people living with HIV and AIDS and breach the confidentiality may face the corresponding penalties: ● Imprisonment of 6 months to 4 years. ● Fines ranging from 50,000 to 500,000 pesos. It is important to note that these penalties are not limited to employers only, but also to any person who violates the law by discriminating against people living with HIV and AIDS
- 29. Health Promotion Campaigns www.healthypilipinas.ph www.doh.gov.ph DOH Health Promotion Bureau After knowing all these information, What’s next?
- 30. What’s Next Know your HIV Status Advocate HIV Testing
- 31. What’s Next Libre ang Counseling at Testing sa lahat ng pampublikong pasilidad sa buong bansa Libre ang ARV pag ikaw ay isang PLHIV Iba’t ibang Programa kasama ang ibang ahensya ng gobyerno
- 32. Points to Remember: ● There is no cure for HIV infection but it can be treated with medicines: ○ Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can make HIV infection manageable chronic condition and reduces the risk of spreading the virus to others ● Persons living with HIV (PLHIV) can live a long productive life as long as they take medications (ARV) and adherent to the regimen. ● PLHIV pose no risk to their families, co-workers and community. ● Sexually-active individuals should always protect themselves by using condom and get tested. ● Correct information lessen stigma and discrimination.
- 34. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL AIDS COUNCIL Thank you! facebook.com/pnacph pnacsecretariat8504@gmail.com 8651-7800 local 2287 GF | Bldg. 19. San Lazaro Comp. Sta. Cruz, Manila
Editor's Notes
- [Speaker's note: Good day, everyone! My name is [insert name], and I am here today to talk about HIV and AIDS in the workplace, with a special focus on RA 11166. This law, also known as the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act, was signed in 2018 to address the growing epidemic of HIV in our country. As representatives of BCDA, you have an important role to play in creating a safe and inclusive workplace for all employees, including those living with HIV. In this presentation, we will cover the basics of HIV and AIDS, including how it is transmitted, how it can be prevented and treated, and what measures you can take as an employer to protect your employees. Let's get started!]
- By the end of this session, you will be able to:
- [Speaker's note: HIV and AIDS are global health challenges that affect millions of people around the world. Globally, an estimated 38.4 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2021, with 650,000 deaths attributed to AIDS-related illnesses. In the Philippines, the Department of Health reported that there were 114,008 cases of HIV from 1984 to March 2023, with 6,474 AIDS-related deaths.
- The graph shows the number of diagnosed cases per year since it started in 1984 to 2022. Also in blue circles shows the average daily new cases of HIV, it’s noticeable that the average cases per day had quadrupled from 9 cases in 2012 to 41 cases per day in 2022. There is also a noticeable increase in mortality from 177 deaths in 2012 to 982 deaths in 2022 as shown in red bars. Understanding the demographics of HIV in the Philippines is crucial. While HIV affects people from all walks of life, certain populations are more vulnerable. In the Philippines, the key affected populations include men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, people who inject drugs (PWID), and female sex workers. It's important to address the specific challenges faced by these groups in order to develop effective prevention and support strategies.
- Before we delve deeper into HIV and AIDS, let's gauge your current knowledge on the topic.
- Stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, caused by a retrovirus that can only infect humans. It infects primarily the immune system cells particularly the CD4+ cells which weakens the natural defense of the body against any infection. This infection has a long asymptomatic period and it has no cure. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
- Stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which is the final stage of HIV infection. This condition occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, and the body can no longer fight off infections, hence the individual becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections. A person contracts one or more opportunistic infection(s) which may lead to death AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain types of cancers.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a clinical staging system to classify HIV infection into four stages based on the progression of the disease. These stages help healthcare professionals assess the severity of the infection and guide treatment decisions.
- HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS is a condition that occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, and the body is unable to fight off infections and cancers.
- HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS is a condition that occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, and the body is unable to fight off infections and cancers.
- HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles and syringes, mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, and blood transfusions or organ transplants from an infected donor. HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, kissing, or sharing food.
- Understanding the principles of transmission is crucial in preventing the spread of HIV. The four principles include: EXIT – the virus has to exit the body of the person with HIV. HIV only infects humans. It cannot infect mosquitoes and other animals. So HIV has to exit the human body in order to infect another person. SURVIVE – HIV easily dies outside the body. For HIV to survive after exiting a person it has to immediately enter another person. Furthermore, changes in temperature (too far from the normal body temperature) can also cause the virus to die faster. HIV cannot survive in swimming pools or toilet bowls; it also cannot survive in food or eating utensils. SUFFICIENT (synonym: enough ) – Aside from exiting the body and being able to survive outside the body, there has to be enough amount of the virus to infect another person. Only blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk carry enough HIV to infect another person. ENTER – to infect another person, enough amount of HIV needs to enter the body of another person. This usually happens through: the exchange of (1) blood from open wounds during sex (including small abrasions of the penis, vagina or rectum, especially during anal sex); through sharing of needles with HIV-contaminated blood; or through blood transfusion the exchange of (2) semen and (3) vaginal secretions during sexual intercourse the ingestion of (4) breast milk through breastfeeding NOTE: Aside from Blood, Semen, Vaginal fluids, and Breast Milk - other body fluids (e.g. saliva, sweat, tears, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) either do not have the chance to exit the body, do not allow HIV to survive outside the body, do not have sufficient amount of the virus, or do not have an opportunity to enter the body of another person.
- Exit, Sufficient, Survive, Entry (ESSE) are four necessary conditions for HIV to be transmitted from a Person Living with HIV (PLHIV) to another person who is uninfected, someone with an unknown status, or another PLHIV The infection process starts when the virus exits the body through body fluids like: blood, breast milk, rectal fluid, semen, and vaginal fluid. These body fluids allow HIV to survive outside the body, but they need to immediately enter the other person’s body for a new infection or a co-infection to occur. The amount of virus that exists in the body is known as the viral load.
- There are several common misconceptions about HIV transmission that contribute to stigma and discrimination. It's crucial to address these misconceptions to dispel myths and promote accurate information. Some common misconceptions include transmission through casual contact, sharing food or utensils, insect bites, or hugging and kissing. It's important to note that HIV cannot be transmitted through these activities.
- The symptoms of HIV vary from person to person and can range from flu-like symptoms, such as fever and fatigue, to more severe symptoms as the infection progresses. However, it's important to note that some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all.
- Additionally, after initial infection, there is a period known as the window period during which HIV tests may not detect the virus. It's essential to get tested beyond this window period to ensure accurate results. AIDS is a condition that occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, and the body is unable to fight off infections and cancers.
- “ABCDE” is an acronym used by health authorities in reminding the public of the means to be protected from HIV-ADS. The A in the “ABCDE” scheme stands for “abstinence” or non-engagement in sexual activities before marriage, B for “being mutually faithful to partners,” C for “careful sex” or the correct and consistent condom use, D for “avoiding drugs and drinks that compromise decision-making,” and E for “education, early detection, and treatment.”
- Prevention: Practice safe sex by using condoms. Do not share needles and syringes. Get tested for HIV and encourage others to do the same. Take Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): PrEP is a medication taken by HIV-negative individuals at high risk of contracting HIV to prevent infection and PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): PEP involves taking antiretroviral medications within 72 hours after potential exposure to HIV to prevent infection. Promote education and awareness on HIV and AIDS. Treatment: There is no cure for HIV, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can slow down the virus's progression and improve the quality of life of those living with HIV. ART is the recommended treatment for HIV-positive individuals. It involves taking a combination of antiretroviral drugs to suppress the virus and improve immune function. ART target different stages of the virus's life cycle.
- A person’s HIV status can only be determined through HIV testing. There are three types of HIV tests: antibody tests, antigen/antibody tests, and nucleic acid tests (NAT). Antibodies are produced by your immune system when you’re exposed to viruses like HIV. Antigens are foreign substances that cause your immune system to activate. If you have HIV, an antigen called p24 is produced even before antibodies develop. HIV tests are typically performed on blood or oral fluid. They may also be performed on urine. Note: HIV Testing is strictly voluntary, confidential, and must be accompanied by pre- and post-test counseling. Regular HIV testing is crucial for early detection and timely intervention. In the Philippines, Republic Act 11166, also known as the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act, ensures access to HIV testing, treatment, and support services. It promotes the principle of informed consent and prohibits mandatory testing without consent, among other provisions.
- The Philippines' Republic Act 11166, also known as the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act, was signed into law in December 2018.
- The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) is a key body responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to HIV and AIDS in the Philippines. The PNAC is composed of representatives from various government agencies, civil society organizations, and key stakeholders working together to address the HIV epidemic in the country.
- Stigma is the negative attitudes and beliefs that people have towards those living with HIV and AIDS. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of people living with HIV and AIDS based on their status.
- The rejection of job application, termination of employment, or other discriminatory policies in hiring, provision of employment and other related benefits, promotion or assignment of an individual solely or partially on the basis of actual, perceived or suspected HIV status.
- Confidentiality is critical when dealing with HIV and AIDS in the workplace. Employers should ensure that employees' privacy is protected and that information about their status is not disclosed without their consent.
- RA 11166, or the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act, provides legal protection to people living with HIV and AIDS and prohibits discrimination in all forms. Employers who violate the law may face penalties such as fines or imprisonment.