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basics if mechanicalddMLFMLMLUNIT II.ppt
- 1. UNIT II DAMS ANDBRIDGES Times New Roman
- 2. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 2 DAMS Dam: It is a defined as an impervious barrier or an obstruction constructed across a natural stream or river. Purpose: To hold up the water on one side of it (Upstream side) The other side is known as downstream side.
- 3. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 3 CLASSIFICATION 1.Rigid Dams (a) Solid Gravity dams (b) Arch dams (c) Buttress dams (d) Timber and steel dams 2. Non Rigid dams (a) Earth dams (b) Rock fill dams
- 4. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 4 SOLIDGRAVITY DAMS
- 5. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 5 SOLIDGRAVITY DAM • Its own weight resists the external forces • More durable and has maximum rigidity • Requires less maintenance compared to other types. • This type of dam is constructed of concrete or masonry.
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- 7. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 7 ARCHDAMS • Arch dams are usually built in narrow, deep gorges in mountainous regions where access and availability of construction materials pose especially acute problems.
- 8. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 8 ARCHDAMS Arch Dam El Atazar Dam Madrid, Spain
- 9. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 9 TYPESOF ARCH DAMS • Constant radius arch dams - commonly have a vertical upstream face with a constant radius of curvature • Variable radius dams - have upstream and downstream curves of systematically decreasing radii with depth below the crest.
- 10. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 10 BUTTRESSDAMS • Buttress Dam – Is a gravity dam reinforced by structural supports • Buttress - a support that transmits a force from a roof or wall to another supporting structure
- 11. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 11 BUTTRESSDAMS • It has relatively thin sections when compared to a gravity dam. • Consists of sloping section, buttresses and base slab. • Sloping membrane first takes the water load and transfers it to the buttresses which are at specific intervals. • The buttresses inturn transfer the load to the base slab which forms the foundation part of the dam.
- 12. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 12 EARTHDAMS • Earth dams are also called earthen, rolled-earth or simply earth-fill dam • It may contain a watertight concrete or clay core or sometimes with a hydraulic fill to produce a watertight core and a drain layer to collect seep water.
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- 14. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 14 FAILURESOF EARTH DAM
- 15. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 15 ROCKFILL DAMS
- 16. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 16 ROCKFILL DAMS • Made of loose rocks and boulders piled in the river bed. • A slab of reinforced concrete is often laid on the upstream face to make it water tight. • These are more than earth dams and less stable than gravity dams. • These dams consists of dry rubble stone masonry on upstream side and loose rock fill on downstream side.
- 17. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 17 CULVERTS ACulvert is a drain or water course totally enclosed and usually carried under a road or a railway track. Types (a)Box culvert (b) Pipe culvert (c) Arch culvert
- 18. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 18 BOXCULVERT • Consists of one or more square or rectangular openings made of RCC or masonry. • Cheapest alternative for pipe culvert.
- 19. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 19 PIPECULVERT • Most economical for small drainage crossings. • These are preferred for diameters less than 1.8m. • The pipes may be of CI or RCC.
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- 21. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 21 ARCHCULVERT • It is constructed on brick or stone or concrete walls having short spans of 2 to 3 m.
- 22. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 22 BRIDGES Itis a structure providing passage over an obstacle such as a valley, road, railway canal, river without closing the way beneath. The required passage may be for road, railway, canal, pipe line, cycle track or pedestrians.
- 23. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 23 Typesof bridges Deck Bridge Arch bridge Slab Bridge Suspension bridge Steel Bridge Steel Truss bridge steel Girder bridges
- 24. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 24 DECKBRIDGE • In deck bridge, the plat form of the bridge carries the communication route, which is supported at the superstructure. Plat form
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- 26. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 26 ARCHBRIDGE • These bridges have pleasing appearance. • Can be economically adopted for 250 m span length. • No bending at any part of the bridge. • Vibrations due to impact forces is minimum. •
- 27. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 27 CLASSIFICATIONOF ARCH BRIDGE
- 28. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 28 SLABBRIDGE • It is the simplest type of RCC bridge • Economical for a span upto 9 m. • The construction is much simpler and placement is easy.
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- 32. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 32 SUSPENSIONBRIDGE • Superstructure of suspension consists of two sets of cables over the towers carrying the bridge floor by means of suspenders. • It is best suited for light traffic and large spans exceeding 600 m. • Flexible and hence vertical oscillations will be more than other bridges.
- 33. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 33 STEELTRUSS BRIDGE
- 34. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 34 STEELTRUSS BRIDGE • It is provided for long railway passages. • They are less affected by wind forces. • It is easy to erect, since components of bridges are light in weight. •
- 35. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 35 STEELGIRDER BRIDGE
- 36. 07/17/25 www.arpradeep.tk 36 References BasicCivil and Mechanical Engineering – K.V. Natarajan Basic Civil and Mechanical Engineering – Shanmugam and Palanichamy. Prepared by A.R. Pradeep Kumar, Associate Professor Mechanical, DCE