The document discusses different types of blood flow patterns that can be detected using Doppler ultrasound. It describes pulsatile flow as the normal rhythmic pulsation of blood in arteries, with high velocity flow during systole and low velocity during diastole. Monophasic flow is characterized by unidirectional flow with reduced or no diastolic flow. Biphasic flow occurs in some pathological conditions and has a two-phase waveform with a systolic peak and reduced diastolic component. Retrograde flow happens when blood flows in the opposite direction of normal due to issues like valve incompetence, appearing on Doppler ultrasound as a waveform in the opposite direction.

1. Group Presentation Doppler Ultrasound
Group Leader:
Ali Hamza Bhutta
Members:
Asma Rajpoot
Fatima Nadeem
Ribqa Ayoub
Malaika Hasnain

2. Types of Blood Flow :

3. • Pulsatile flow: Pulsatile flow refers to the rhythmic
pulsation of blood within the arteries, which is a normal
occurrence.
• It is characterized by alternating high-velocity flow
during systole (contraction phase of the heart) and low-
velocity flow during diastole (relaxation phase of the

4. Monophasic flow:
• It is characterized by a unidirectional flow pattern
with reduced or absent diastolic flow.
• The Doppler waveform appears as a single, large
peak.
Biphasic flow:
• Biphasic flow is observed in some pathological conditions
where there is partial obstruction or stenosis in the blood
vessels.
• It is characterized by a two-phase waveform, with a
systolic peak and a reduced diastolic flow component.

5. Retrograde flow:
• Retrograde flow, also known as reversed flow, occurs
when blood flows in the opposite direction of the
normal flow.
• It is often associated with valve incompetence or
regurgitation, where blood leaks backward through a
valve
• . On Doppler ultrasound, retrograde flow appears as a
waveform flowing in the opposite direction to the
expected flow.
•