The RMA Capital Working Group conducted research on how 12 banks estimate economic capital for retail products. They identified three approaches: expected loss-sigma, a structural model using loan default correlations, and a structural model using obligor asset value correlations. Most banks favor the latter two approaches over expected loss-sigma. The research found that banks' internal economic capital calculations for nine retail product categories were generally lower than Basel Committee capital requirements, especially for mortgages and lower-risk customers. The working group made recommendations to better align regulatory capital with banks' internal estimates.
Continuing with our updates on the key aspects of IFRS 9 Implementation, our current post (attached) talks about “Exposure at Default (EAD)” where, possible uses and business interpretation nuances of terms linked to EAD are highlighted. The post enumerates on the computation methods of EAD and the modeling approaches available for each of the methods with key consideration points from Basel and IFRS9 perspectives highlighted in between for the readers.
We look forward to your valuable feedback on the current article or the challenges faced by you in IFRS9 implementation.
In the last few years, the financial markets have undergone dramatic change. While some of this is down to natural evolution, much of the change can be directly attributed to new rules introduced in the wake of the 2007 crisis. Regulators, legislators and central bank governors have been determined to avert another bubble bursting or an unexpected event that could threaten markets. Lawmakers have targeted key financial practices for reform, radically altering the expectations and behavior of industry participants. The combination of the Dodd-Frank Act, European Markets Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR), MiFID ll and Basel lll signify the biggest regulatory change in decades. These reforms have resulted in major change to how financial products are traded, settled, collateralized and reported, resulting in deep and ongoing structural changes to the markets.
There is no doubt that these new rules are directly impacting buy-side firms — be they asset managers, hedge funds, insurance companies or pension funds. But while the changes have certainly brought challenges, they have also brought opportunities. Firms that can proactively evaluate structural and operational dislocations in the marketplace and tailor business models to leverage the opportunities while addressing the challenges will be in the best position to stand apart from their competitors. Revised business models call for revisions to supporting processes and systems. Buy-side firms should look to re-architect their processes and technology infrastructure, with a goal to strengthen risk control and oversight, enhance transparency and improve efficiency of front-to-back office control functions.
The credit crisis, and the regulatory response it spawned have fundamentally reshaped financial markets for buy-side firms. But while the changes have brought about challenges, they have also ushered in opportunities. The key to success will be the speed with which firms are able to understand the changing marketplace and adapt their business models to align with the changes.
In our second post ‘building blocks of Impairment Modeling’, we had highlighted that IFRS 9 uses a ‘three stage model’ for measurement of ECL, and one of the major challenges of implementing this model was tracking and determining whether there has been a significant increase in risk of a credit exposure since origination. This blog post delves into the intricacies related to the three stage model, and some nuances that need to be considered for a bank looking to implement IFRS 9.
This research investigates the determinants of the capital structure of firms listed service sector on BIST(Borsa Istanbul) and the adjustment process towards this target. The econometric analysis employs the Generalized Method of Moments estimators (GMM-Sys, GMM difference) techniques that controls for unobserved firm-specific effects and the endogeneity problem. The findings of the paper suggest that firms have target leverage ratios and they adjust to them relatively fast. Consistent with the predictions of capital structure theories and the findings of the empirical literature, the results of this paper suggest that size, assets tangibility, profitability, growth opportunity except earnings volatility have significant effects on the capital structure choice of hotels and restaurants.The capital structure or leverage is measured by total debt ratio. Analysis results indicates that firms with high profits, sizable, high fixed assets ratio and high total sales and more growth opportunities tend to have relatively less debt in their capital structures.
Continuing with our updates on the key aspects of IFRS 9 Implementation, our current post (attached) talks about “Exposure at Default (EAD)” where, possible uses and business interpretation nuances of terms linked to EAD are highlighted. The post enumerates on the computation methods of EAD and the modeling approaches available for each of the methods with key consideration points from Basel and IFRS9 perspectives highlighted in between for the readers.
We look forward to your valuable feedback on the current article or the challenges faced by you in IFRS9 implementation.
In the last few years, the financial markets have undergone dramatic change. While some of this is down to natural evolution, much of the change can be directly attributed to new rules introduced in the wake of the 2007 crisis. Regulators, legislators and central bank governors have been determined to avert another bubble bursting or an unexpected event that could threaten markets. Lawmakers have targeted key financial practices for reform, radically altering the expectations and behavior of industry participants. The combination of the Dodd-Frank Act, European Markets Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR), MiFID ll and Basel lll signify the biggest regulatory change in decades. These reforms have resulted in major change to how financial products are traded, settled, collateralized and reported, resulting in deep and ongoing structural changes to the markets.
There is no doubt that these new rules are directly impacting buy-side firms — be they asset managers, hedge funds, insurance companies or pension funds. But while the changes have certainly brought challenges, they have also brought opportunities. Firms that can proactively evaluate structural and operational dislocations in the marketplace and tailor business models to leverage the opportunities while addressing the challenges will be in the best position to stand apart from their competitors. Revised business models call for revisions to supporting processes and systems. Buy-side firms should look to re-architect their processes and technology infrastructure, with a goal to strengthen risk control and oversight, enhance transparency and improve efficiency of front-to-back office control functions.
The credit crisis, and the regulatory response it spawned have fundamentally reshaped financial markets for buy-side firms. But while the changes have brought about challenges, they have also ushered in opportunities. The key to success will be the speed with which firms are able to understand the changing marketplace and adapt their business models to align with the changes.
In our second post ‘building blocks of Impairment Modeling’, we had highlighted that IFRS 9 uses a ‘three stage model’ for measurement of ECL, and one of the major challenges of implementing this model was tracking and determining whether there has been a significant increase in risk of a credit exposure since origination. This blog post delves into the intricacies related to the three stage model, and some nuances that need to be considered for a bank looking to implement IFRS 9.
This research investigates the determinants of the capital structure of firms listed service sector on BIST(Borsa Istanbul) and the adjustment process towards this target. The econometric analysis employs the Generalized Method of Moments estimators (GMM-Sys, GMM difference) techniques that controls for unobserved firm-specific effects and the endogeneity problem. The findings of the paper suggest that firms have target leverage ratios and they adjust to them relatively fast. Consistent with the predictions of capital structure theories and the findings of the empirical literature, the results of this paper suggest that size, assets tangibility, profitability, growth opportunity except earnings volatility have significant effects on the capital structure choice of hotels and restaurants.The capital structure or leverage is measured by total debt ratio. Analysis results indicates that firms with high profits, sizable, high fixed assets ratio and high total sales and more growth opportunities tend to have relatively less debt in their capital structures.
Understanding and validating the uses of machine learning modelsJacob Kosoff
WHILE MACHINE LEARNING (ML) CAN OFFER THE BENEFIT OF IMPROVED MODEL RESULTS, A BANK SHOULD CONSIDER WHETHER IT IS APPROPRIATE TO ACCEPT THE ADDITIONAL COMPLEXITY, AS WELL AS THE TESTING AND MONITORING, INVOLVED. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES BEST PRACTICES IN PERFORMING VALIDATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS.
Written by Shannon Kelly of Zions Bank, Jacob Kosoff of Regions Bank, Agus Sudjianto of Wells Fargo, and Aaron Bridgers of Regions Bank.
Research on Model of the Financing Contract by Introducing the Entrepreneur’s...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT:In view of the allocation of cash flow rights and control rights in venture capital firms, a financing contract model is set up by introducing the entrepreneur’s self-owned capital in this paper. This paper analyzes the affecting factors and mechanism to the allocation of cash flow rights and control rights, shows the relationship between cash flow rights and control rights, gives the bargain intervals of the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist about the allocation of cash flow rights and control rights. It is shown that the more the entrepreneur’s self-owned capital and the higher the venture capitalist’s evaluation of the venture project and the ability of the entrepreneur, the fewer cash flow rights and control rights the venture capitalist will want; the relationship between cash flow rights and control rights of the venture capitalist is complementary but not corresponding, so the result provides a theoretical explanation for Kaplan and Stromberg’s empirical researches about the disproportion between cash flow rights and control rights in venture capital firms.
Understanding and validating the uses of machine learning modelsJacob Kosoff
WHILE MACHINE LEARNING (ML) CAN OFFER THE BENEFIT OF IMPROVED MODEL RESULTS, A BANK SHOULD CONSIDER WHETHER IT IS APPROPRIATE TO ACCEPT THE ADDITIONAL COMPLEXITY, AS WELL AS THE TESTING AND MONITORING, INVOLVED. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES BEST PRACTICES IN PERFORMING VALIDATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS.
Written by Shannon Kelly of Zions Bank, Jacob Kosoff of Regions Bank, Agus Sudjianto of Wells Fargo, and Aaron Bridgers of Regions Bank.
Research on Model of the Financing Contract by Introducing the Entrepreneur’s...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT:In view of the allocation of cash flow rights and control rights in venture capital firms, a financing contract model is set up by introducing the entrepreneur’s self-owned capital in this paper. This paper analyzes the affecting factors and mechanism to the allocation of cash flow rights and control rights, shows the relationship between cash flow rights and control rights, gives the bargain intervals of the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist about the allocation of cash flow rights and control rights. It is shown that the more the entrepreneur’s self-owned capital and the higher the venture capitalist’s evaluation of the venture project and the ability of the entrepreneur, the fewer cash flow rights and control rights the venture capitalist will want; the relationship between cash flow rights and control rights of the venture capitalist is complementary but not corresponding, so the result provides a theoretical explanation for Kaplan and Stromberg’s empirical researches about the disproportion between cash flow rights and control rights in venture capital firms.
Hãy cùng tìm hiểu những ứng dụng của cây Tre, loài cây kỳ diệu, cây của tương lai, với hơn 1500 ứng dụng được ghi chép lại.
Tre bảo vệ môi trường, chống biến đổi khí hậu, làm kè bảo vệ đê, ngăn lũ lụt và sạt lở đất, chống xói mòn. Có thể trồng tre ở mọi nơi và tre rất dễ sống. Từ khi trồng tới khi khai thác chỉ mất từ 3-5 năm. Nếu biết chăm sóc và canh tác tốt một rừng tre có thể khai thác hàng trăm năm, năng suất vượt trội, có thể tới 50%. Tre cho ta thức ăn, cải thiện đời sống (sinh kế), cung cấp nguyên liệu cho các ngành (công nghiệp) thực phẩm, sợi - dệt - vải tre, dược, mỹ phẩm, y học, than tre, nội thất bằng tre, xây dựng - dân dụng, thủ công mỹ nghệ, làm nhà chống động đất và cho vùng lũ lụt, ứng dụng trong chăn nuôi và trồng trọt, nhuộm màu (thực phẩm, chất trích ly từ lá tre). Người ta còn sử dụng tre cho sinh khối làm nguyên liệu chạy máy phát điện...Tre có vô số ứng dụng và hữu ích như vậy đó. Các bạn hãy cùng tìm thêm nhiều những ứng dụng của loài Tre phục vụ cuộc sống nhé. Mong rằng sẽ có thêm nhiều Tre được trồng trên đất nước Việt Nam của chúng ta.
Một số trang web hay gửi các bạn tham khảo:
INBAR – International Network for Bamboo And Rattan - Mạng lưới Mây Tre quốc tế
http://www.inbar.int
Tổ chức IDRC - International Development Research Center – Trung tâm nghiên cứu phát triển quốc tế http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Pages/default.aspx
Hiệp hội Tre toàn cầu - ABS - Bamboo Societies Around the World
http://www.bamboo.org/GeneralInfoPages/BambooSocieties.html
Tre Sinh học:
BioBamboo.Org
Bamboo Central Organization: http://bamboocentral.org/index1.htm
Hội nghị Tre Thế giới – World Bamboo Congress:
http://www.worldbamboocongress.org
*có những dự án trồng tre trên thế giới
Tre Nhân đạo - Humanitarian Bamboo:
http://humanitarianbamboo.org/
Tre Guadua
http://www.guaduabamboo.com/
* Giới thiệu về loài tre chắc khỏe nhất thế giới Guadua Bamboo và Tổ chức chuyên trồng và xuất khẩu loại tre lớn nhất, khỏe nhất quan trọng nhất trong nền kinh tế nước Mỹ, tổ chức hoạt động tại Trung và Nam Mỹ (Mỹ La Tinh), xuất khẩu tre, vườn ươm tre và cung cấp dịch vụ tư vấn quản lý và lâm nghiệp cho nhà đầu tư trồng tre ở Trung và Nam Mỹ. Cơ hội đầu tư trồng tre (chỉ ở Trung và Nam Mỹ).
Tre trong xây dựng và đời sống - The Owner Builder Network
http://bamboo.theownerbuildernetwork.co/images/nggallery/thumbnails/
Continuing with our updates on the key aspects of IFRS 9 Implementation, our current post (attached) talks about “Impairment Modelling in Retail ” where, key challenges are highlighted through questions and different solutions are proposed to address the same. The post attempts to address some key implementation challenges such as; Which approach to follow for analysis of retail portfolios?, What timeframe to consider for estimating lifetime of retail products?, How to link forward looking information with PDs? How to carry out Stage Allocation? And, what are the methods for calculation of ECL for Retail Portfolios?
“Over” and “Under” Valued Financial Institutions: Evidence from a “Fair-Value...Ilias Lekkos
The aim of the study is to present our approach that allows us to evaluate relative over- and under-valuation of financial institutions based on the distance between their market-based price to book ratios and our estimated "fair-value" P/Bs.
IFRS 9 defines “Credit Loss” in terms of “Cash Shortfall” or credit loss estimation through projected cash flow discounting. However, there is little explicit information available as to how “Cash Shortfall” should be computed; should it be computed separately or along with “Expected” default path of the borrower, leading to ambiguity around the subject. IFRS 9 has specifically given inputs on PD estimation however, on LGD there is no such specific directives available. The ambiguity around the subject raises a few questions. The blog explores the limits of current knowledge (theoretical and empirical), and offers some preliminary guidance on such questions.
HomeworkMarketHow it works.Pricing.FAQ.Homework Answers.LoPazSilviapm
HomeworkMarket
How it works.Pricing.FAQ.Homework Answers.Log in / Sign up
.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#001847;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:2px}
Bank Case Assignment
Ratche93
.cls-1{fill:#dee7ff}.cls-2{fill:#ff7734}.cls-3{fill:#f5a623;stroke:#000}
CaseRequirements.pdf
Home>Business & Finance homework help>Bank Case Assignment
What is this Project’s Objective?
This project is designed to improve your ability to analyze a particular bank's performance. The
emphasis should be to explore your bank from a regulator’s point of view. In that respect you
should address the six CAMELS components and try to identify any "red flags" that could indicate
potential problems in your bank. The Excel file under the name of “Bank Financial Analysis”
should be used to capture the financial data for your bank and to show the associated financial
ratios. You should be able to find all your data in your bank’s Uniform Bank Performance Report
(UBPR) which is available at www.ffiec.gov. Your written report should be no less than 5 pages
long (typed, double-spaced) not including the Excel worksheet. The six CAMELS components
are: Capital adequacy; Asset quality; Management quality; Earnings record; Liquidity position;
and Sensitivity to market risk. Following is a more detailed listing of the items that you need to
address:
A. Liquidity
Consider your bank’s Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR) and provide an overview of your
bank’s liquidity by reviewing the following areas:
1. Liquidity and Funding Ratios especially the Net Non-Core Funding Dependence
and Loan to Assets Ratios – The first ratio measures the degree to which the bank is
funding longer-term assets (loans, securities that mature in more than one year, etc.) with
non-core funding. Non-core funding includes funding that can be very sensitive to
changes in interest rates such as brokered deposits, CDs greater than $100,000, and
borrowed money. Higher ratios reflect a reliance on funding sources that may not be
available in times of financial stress or adverse changes in market conditions. What are
the trends in these ratios? How do they compare to the peer?
2. The availability of liquid assets readily convertible to cash without undue loss-
Consider Federal funds sold, available for sale securities, loans for sale, etc.
3. Core deposit/asset growth - Are core deposits capable of funding anticipated asset
growth?
4. Diversification of funding sources - A bank with strong liquidity has a strong core
deposit base, established borrowings lines, and procedures in place for acquiring
internet-based or other forms of emergency borrowing.
5. External Forces - Economic conditions, competition, marketing efforts, etc. ...
Mercer Capital | Valuation Insight | Capital Structure in 30 MinutesMercer Capital
Capital structure decisions have long-term consequences for shareholders. Directors evaluate capital structure with an eye toward identifying the financing mix that minimizes the weighted average cost of capital. This decision is complicated by the iterative nature of capital costs: the financing mix influences the cost of the different financing sources. While the nominal cost of debt is always less than the nominal cost of equity, the relevant consideration for directors is the marginal cost of debt and equity, which measures the impact of a given financing decision on the overall cost of capital. The purpose of this whitepaper is to equip directors and shareholders to contribute to capital structure decisions that promote the financial health and sustainability of the company.
By 1st December 2015, BCBS-IOSCO rules mean that all eligible financial and non-financial counterparties must be able to exchange bilateral Variation Margin (VM) and Initial Margin (IM) with their OTC derivatives counterparties. The consequences of this extend far beyond methodology, requiring a re-evaluation of the whole end to end workflow.
In March 2016, the BCBS published a consultation regulatory document setting a new set of regulatory measures in order to reduce the heterogeneity of banks’ capital charge using IRB models. This document goes through these proposals and provides opposing views regarding these proposals from different academic references.
Despite the proliferation of banking services, lending to industry and
the public still constitutes the core of the income of commercial banks and
other lending institutions in developed as well as post-transition countries.
From the technical perspective, the lending process in general is a relatively
straightforward series of actions involving two principal parties. These activities
range from the initial loan application to the successful or unsuccessful
repayment of the loan. Although retail lending belongs among
the most profitable investments in lenders’ asset portfolios (at least in developed
countries), increases in the amounts of loans also bring increases
in the number of defaulted loans, i.e. loans that either are not repaid at all
or cases in which the borrower has problems with paying debts. Thus,
the primary problem of any lender is to differentiate between “good” and
“bad” debtors prior to granting credit. Such differentiation is possible by using
a credit-scoring method. The goal of this paper is to review credit-scoring
methods and elaborate on their efficiency based on the examples from
the applied research. Emphasis is placed on credit scoring related to retail
loans.
“Basel III is more about improving the risk management systems in the Banks than just Improved Quality and enhanced Quantity of capital”. Please discuss the challenges to the Indian Banks by March,2017
C H A P T E R 3 Analyzing Bank Performance 121 To acc.docxclairbycraft
C H A P T E R 3 Analyzing Bank Performance 121
To account for the potential risk of off-balance sheet activities, risk-based
capital requirements oblige a bank to convert off-balance sheet activities to “on-
balance” sheet equivalents and hold capital against these activities. Appropriate
capital risk measures include all the risk measures discussed earlier, as well as
ratios measuring the following: Tier 1 capital and total risk-based capital to risk-
weighted assets, equity capital to total assets, dividend payout, and the growth
rate in Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 (or core) capital or Tier 1 leverage capital is total
common equity capital plus noncumulative preferred stock, plus minority
interest in unconsolidated subsidiaries, less ineligible intangibles. Risk-
weighted assets are the total of risk-adjusted assets where the risk weights are
based on four risk classes of assets. See Chapter 12 for more details on the
calculation of required regulatory capital at banks. Importantly, a bank’s
dividend policy also affects its capital risk by influencing retained earnings.
Evaluating Bank Performance: An Application
A complete analysis of a financial firm is similar to that of any other industry
with a few exceptions. The analyst begins by gathering background information
on the firm’s operations, including specific characteristics of the business and
intensity of competition, organizational and business structure, management
character and quality, as well as the quality of reported data. Is the bank a
holding company or financial holding company with subsidiaries and branches,
or a single entity? Does it operate as a C-corporation or an S-corporation?42 Is
the firm privately held or publicly traded? When did the firm begin operations,
and in what geographic markets does it now compete? The evaluation should
also identify the products or services provided and the bank’s competitive
position in the marketplace as measured by market share, degree of product
differentiation, presence of economies of scale or scope in the cost structure,
and the bargaining power of customers with whom the bank deals. Much of this
discussion for PNC Bank was presented earlier in the chapter and hence the
following discussion focuses on the financial data of PNC introduced in
Exhibits 3.2, 3.4, and 3.7. It examines data for 2007 relative to peer banks and
summarizes trends from 2003 to 2007. Profitability is evaluated following the
ROE model presented in the chapter using data from PNC Bank’s UBPR data.
This evaluation is contrasted with the firm’s risk position using the risk
categories discussed in the “Managing Risk and Returns” section presented
previously.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR PNC IN 2007
Profitability ratios are provided in Exhibit 3.8. The first three columns of data
are for 2006 and the next three columns are for 2007. The first column in 2006
and 2007 is labeled “CALC” and contains the ratios calculated using da.
Efma_BCG_point of view_pricing for bankingBritt Dejager
The 'new normal' environment of durably low interest rates is challenging the model of banking intermediation. While effects have not yet fully played out, the flattening of the yield curve puts banks' profitability under pressure. To mitigate the impact, banks need to develop a strategic response including measures such as review of their business portfolio, development of asset distribution, cost reduction… In this paper, we focus on two important levers of adaptation: banks need to adapt their pricing schemes, looking at the entire balance-sheet, as well as enhance their ROE forecasting capabilities at product level.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
NO1 Uk Rohani Baba In Karachi Bangali Baba Karachi Online Amil Baba WorldWide...Amil baba
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
2. products, not just cards. This is
the theoretically correct thing to
do. Moreover, responses to our
survey indicate that, in virtually
every case, future margin income
(FMI) exceeds EL, so there
would be no purpose served by
establishing an FMI test (i.e., the
test would routinely be met).
Even with EL subtracted from
loss at the confidence interval,
Tier 1 capital requirements gener-
ally exceed internal capital calcula-
tions (with the exception of the
highest PD ranges for some prod-
ucts, for which Basel AVCs
are slightly lower than
industry median AVCs). In
the U.S., furthermore, true
Tier 1 minimums (known
as “well capitalized” mini-
mums) are even further
above internally calculated
EC. Rather, regulatory capi-
tal should represent a true
minimum, with banks desir-
ing to hold more than those
minimums.
The AVCs for mortgages
should be lowered from their cur-
rent 15% level to the 6-10% range
shown in the survey.
The survey shows that the
steeply declining Basel AVCs (as
PD rises) for revolving and other
credits result in very great differ-
ences between internally estimat-
ed AVCs and Basel AVCs in the
low PD ranges. There is a wide
diversity of views within the sur-
vey group over the extent to
which, if at all, AVCs should
decline as PD rises. All Group
members agree, however, that the
Basel AVCs should be lowered in
the lowest PD ranges (best quali-
ty customers) for all three Basel
“product” categories.
Home equity lines of credit
(HELOCs) have been mentioned
as an especially difficult problem
because some market participants
view HELOCs as performing
more like “other” retail products
(or more like “card” products)
than single-family residential
products. Indeed, the survey’s
median implied AVCs for
HELOCs do differ somewhat
from the AVCs for regular mort-
gages—declining from roughly
10% at the lowest PD ranges to
roughly 6% at higher PD ranges.
(Like other retail products,
implied AVCs for mortgages rise
substantially in the very lowest
[“troubled asset”] PD ranges.)
There appear to be three possible
solutions to this problem:
1. Basel can develop a fourth
AVC structure specifically for
HELOCs, reflecting industry
median AVC assumptions.
2. Basel can continue to place
HELOCs within the “mort-
gage” category, if Basel AVCs
for mortgages are lowered
down to the 6-10% range
used by the industry.
3. Basel can place HELOCs
within the “other” category, if
Basel AVCs for other retail
credits are lowered down to
the range used by the industry.
If Basel chooses to maintain
its three Retail AVC structures
unchanged, then a majority of the
RMA Group banks suggest that
advanced banks be given permis-
sion, after supervisory review, to
choose the regulatory “model”
into which a particular retail prod-
uct should be slotted, based on
best-practice internal estimation of
actual or implied AVCs.
Thus, if empirical research
suggests that HELOCs act
more like “other” or more
like “cards,” an advanced
bank could petition super-
visors to move HELOCs
from the “mortgage” cate-
gory to one of the other
two categories.
The Group’s consensus
is that Basel should not
incorporate a separate EL
approach for banks using so-called
EL-sigma approaches to measuring
economic capital for retail credits,
since these banks can measure PDs
and LGDs for each product seg-
ment. Nevertheless, the four banks
in the survey that do use EL-sigma
approaches would rather not have
to conform to the PD-LGD struc-
ture currently being proposed by
Basel for retail credits. Ë
A list of participating institutions and
staff members can be found in the full
document; for information, contact
Pamela Martin, director of Regula-
tory Relations and Communications
at RMA, by e-mail at
pmartin@rmahq.org.
69
RMA Retail Credit Economic Capital
Estimation—Best Practices
View the full 70-page report
“RMA Retail Credit Economic
Capital Estimation—Best
Practices” is available on RMA’s
Web site at the following address:
www.rmahq.org/Basel2/Basel_intro.htm