Hans Baldung Grien created woodcut prints in the early 16th century depicting nude witches. His piece The Witch's Sabbath from 1510 shows naked witches holding a black mass in the woods accompanied by animals. Another work, The Bewitched Groom from 1544, portrays a man accompanied by a torch-bearing witch and a horse in a composition representing chaos. Baldung's nude witches reference Eve's temptation and the idea of women as temptresses. They also reflect the cultural fascination with the supernatural and notions of masculinity, reason, and control during the Northern Renaissance.
The document analyzes various symbols featured in Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code, including the Holy Grail, pentagram, Fibonacci sequence, Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, and their symbolic meanings. Key symbols like the chalice and pentagram are examined for their ancient spiritual and female significance. The analysis explores how Brown uses symbols and their hidden meanings to tell the story's central theory about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and the Church covering up their sacred relationship.
Use of Symbols, Science and Art in The Da Vinci Code Novel by Dan BrownPritiba Gohil
Here I am sharing My Presentation of Course No. 13: The New Literature based on Use of Symbols, Science and Art in The Da Vinci Code Novel by Dan Brown.
Ellen Pollak critiques Alexander Pope's poem "The Rape of the Lock" as portraying women's role and value as being tied to serving men. However, some scholars argue Pope was actually satirizing gender roles by having female characters like Belinda dominate the poem and emasculate male characters. The poem places women in positions of power over men through imagery and the depiction of males as weak and subservient. This challenges the view that Pope was simply reinforcing ideals of female subordination.
Beyond Belief: The Transformative Power of Mythic FictionLisaConnors6
This paper examines the transformative power of mythic fiction. It discusses how mythic fiction can expand readers' worldviews and beliefs by transporting them into an engaging secondary world. The paper analyzes how successful works of mythic fiction establish credibility and motivate readers to suspend disbelief, entering into a transformative reading experience. Specifically, it explores three craft techniques used by mythic fiction authors: 1) Contracting, or constructing an intriguing threshold between the primary and secondary worlds; 2) Pathmaking, enticing readers along a journey with wise guides; and 3) Rattle and Ache, crafting endings that provoke thought about one's core beliefs. The author aims to apply these techniques in their own work of mythic
The document discusses the plot and controversy surrounding The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. It summarizes the main claims of the book, including that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene and had descendants, and that Christianity suppressed the sacred feminine. It also discusses the immense commercial success of the book despite criticism from the Church. The sacred feminine is defined as embracing concepts of a universal motherhood, ancient goddesses, and wisdom, compassion, and unconditional love.
The document provides an in-depth analysis and summary of Gabriel Garcia Marquez's short story "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings". It defines magic realism as a genre that blends realistic and fantastical elements. It examines examples of magic realism, imagery, and symbolism from the story. Specifically, it discusses the magical possibility of the title character - an old man found with enormous wings. It also analyzes themes around humanity's treatment of others and views of the supernatural.
The document analyzes various symbols featured in Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code, including the Holy Grail, pentagram, Fibonacci sequence, Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, and their symbolic meanings. Key symbols like the chalice and pentagram are examined for their ancient spiritual and female significance. The analysis explores how Brown uses symbols and their hidden meanings to tell the story's central theory about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and the Church covering up their sacred relationship.
Use of Symbols, Science and Art in The Da Vinci Code Novel by Dan BrownPritiba Gohil
Here I am sharing My Presentation of Course No. 13: The New Literature based on Use of Symbols, Science and Art in The Da Vinci Code Novel by Dan Brown.
Ellen Pollak critiques Alexander Pope's poem "The Rape of the Lock" as portraying women's role and value as being tied to serving men. However, some scholars argue Pope was actually satirizing gender roles by having female characters like Belinda dominate the poem and emasculate male characters. The poem places women in positions of power over men through imagery and the depiction of males as weak and subservient. This challenges the view that Pope was simply reinforcing ideals of female subordination.
Beyond Belief: The Transformative Power of Mythic FictionLisaConnors6
This paper examines the transformative power of mythic fiction. It discusses how mythic fiction can expand readers' worldviews and beliefs by transporting them into an engaging secondary world. The paper analyzes how successful works of mythic fiction establish credibility and motivate readers to suspend disbelief, entering into a transformative reading experience. Specifically, it explores three craft techniques used by mythic fiction authors: 1) Contracting, or constructing an intriguing threshold between the primary and secondary worlds; 2) Pathmaking, enticing readers along a journey with wise guides; and 3) Rattle and Ache, crafting endings that provoke thought about one's core beliefs. The author aims to apply these techniques in their own work of mythic
The document discusses the plot and controversy surrounding The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. It summarizes the main claims of the book, including that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene and had descendants, and that Christianity suppressed the sacred feminine. It also discusses the immense commercial success of the book despite criticism from the Church. The sacred feminine is defined as embracing concepts of a universal motherhood, ancient goddesses, and wisdom, compassion, and unconditional love.
The document provides an in-depth analysis and summary of Gabriel Garcia Marquez's short story "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings". It defines magic realism as a genre that blends realistic and fantastical elements. It examines examples of magic realism, imagery, and symbolism from the story. Specifically, it discusses the magical possibility of the title character - an old man found with enormous wings. It also analyzes themes around humanity's treatment of others and views of the supernatural.
The narrator analyzes the emergence of women writers in England from the 16th century onward. She traces how aristocratic women like Lady Winchilsea and Margaret Cavendish were among the first to write, despite public disapproval, due to their relative freedom and resources. The letters of Dorothy Osborne reveal a verbal gift alongside disdain for women who write. Aphra Behn was a turning point as a middle-class woman who made a living through writing in defiance of conventions. This paved the way for 19th century novelists like Jane Austen and George Eliot. The narrator theorizes why the novel became the preferred form for these early women writers.
This document discusses Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost and how it synthesizes classical and Christian elements. It explores how Milton employs pagan imagery and mythology to justify God's ways to man while challenging classical writers like Homer and Virgil. While Milton rejects classicism, his poem remains deeply intertwined with and dependent on classical sources for richness. The essay examines how Milton portrays the fall of man and rejects the classical heroic ideal through his portrayal of Satan, instead showing obedience and loyalty as the moral path. It also analyzes Milton's complex relationship with and ambiguous portrayal of classical themes of courage, war, and military might in the epic.
Dissertation (before edit for application)Greg Clarke
This document provides an overview of the historiography surrounding the connection between women and witchcraft in early modern Europe. It discusses how the rise of women's history in the 1970s led scholars to view witchcraft prosecutions as a form of misogyny and oppression of women. However, more recent research has presented alternative perspectives. The document examines various theories for why women were more often associated with witchcraft, including religious ideas of women's inferiority and sexuality. It also explores the role of binary thinking in gender relations and evaluates whether witchcraft was truly misogynistic or the result of other social and economic factors during this period. The aim of the dissertation is to reevaluate these assertions and argue that male witches
This document provides an introduction to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and discusses its connections to ancient myths. It begins with biographical details about Mary Shelley and the circumstances that inspired her to write Frankenstein. It then analyzes how the novel draws from the myths of Prometheus and Narcissus. For Prometheus, it notes parallels between Victor Frankenstein and Prometheus seeking knowledge and facing consequences. For Narcissus, it discusses how Victor exhibits narcissistic personality traits like those that led to Narcissus' demise. The document aims to explore Frankenstein through a mythological lens.
The Wife of Bath argues that women should be allowed to marry as many times as they wish and that marriages are happiest when the wife is in charge. She supports her points using references from the Bible and discussions of biology, while also satirizing common misogynistic texts to challenge stereotypes of women. However, her accounts of dominating her husbands could also be seen as supporting the idea of women as unruly and domineering.
This document discusses how fairy tales can help empower and heal survivors of abuse. It begins by providing background on the author's grandmothers and their influence, as well as the importance of storytelling. It then explores how fairy tales provide frameworks for dealing with human emotions and conditions. The document focuses on three fairy tale types - Little Red Riding Hood, Bluebeard, and the Incestuous Father - and examines how entering the world of fairy tales can provide encounters with magic, characters, and oneself. It discusses the concepts of empowerment and healing, and how fairy tales can facilitate these processes by providing resolution, justice and closure to mirror the chaos in readers' lives. The author structures their discussion around five aspects of empower
This document provides summaries of the first five stories from Day 1 of Boccaccio's Decameron. The stories poke fun at religion and clergy, show the power of faith, depict religious tolerance, involve trickery and deception, showcase the failures of humans, and illustrate how status and expectations can be subverted. The summaries analyze themes such as the treatment of Jewish characters, the relationship between stories, and the roles of different storytellers.
Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast are examples of myths/legends and folktales respectively. While both involve a beautiful young woman and involve themes of love and transformation, they differ in key ways. Cupid and Psyche is set in ancient Greece and involves the gods, while Beauty and the Beast is set in a nonspecific land far away and does not involve gods. They both feature a youngest daughter who is beautiful, but Cupid and Psyche's characters become immortal beings whereas Beauty and the Beast's characters remain human. Folktales can be analyzed through various lenses like historical context, sociological interpretations, and psychological symbolism to understand cultural values and human experiences.
Hong kingston's The Woman Warrior : Culture and Talk-storiesMichelle Alspaugh
An analysis of Hong Kingston's cultural elements and her usage of the talk story.
This powerpoint uses Turning point technology slides. If you don't have these clickers, just delete the polling type questions. Lecture material in notes section (download file to see)
Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast are both well-known tales, but differ in important ways. Cupid and Psyche is set in ancient Greece and involves gods and goddesses from Greek mythology. Beauty and the Beast on the other hand takes place in an unspecified land and does not feature supernatural beings. Both stories feature the youngest and most beautiful of three daughters as the main character. There are also similarities in themes between the stories, such as innocence versus corruption and transformation from human to immortal. Folktales can be analyzed from historical, sociological, psychological, and structural perspectives to understand what they reveal about the cultures and times they came from.
The Faerie Queene is an epic poem by Edmund Spenser that tells the stories of several knights, each representing a particular virtue, as they go on quests for the Faerie Queene, Gloriana. Each of the poem's six books focuses on a different virtue - holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice, and courtesy. The knights must overcome various trials and temptations through their virtues in order to develop personally and aid the realm. Major characters include Redcrosse as the knight of holiness, Guyon as the knight of temperance, Britomart as the knight of chastity, Artegall as the knight of justice, and Calidore as
This proposal compares the gender roles and expectations for women in Chaucer's time with the character of the Wife of Bath from his work. The student will analyze how the Wife of Bath challenges these norms by having a strong, outspoken personality and interpreting the Bible in her own way. Specific points that will be covered include providing context on societal norms, the Wife of Bath's refutation of ideals of piousness, and a comparison of her character with what was typically acceptable behavior for women in the 14th century.
The document summarizes and refutes key claims made in the popular book "The Da Vinci Code". It presents 10 false claims from the book, explaining the real historical facts and truth in each case. The overarching conspiracy presented in "The Da Vinci Code" is exposed - that the real conspirator behind promoting its claims is Satan, aiming to seduce readers to doubt and reject Christianity in favor of humanism and pagan beliefs.
The document summarizes the Prologue and Tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" from The Canterbury Tales. It discusses the stereotypical characterization of the Wife of Bath and attitudes toward women at the time, which presented them as dominated by their lower nature. It also analyzes how the Wife uses the tale of the Knight and the Hag to portray her desire for sovereignty over her husbands.
The Function of the Pilgrimage in Medieval Literature
(illustrate with at least one text): Anonymous ‘Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight’, Geoffrey Chaucer ‘The Canterbury Tales’,
Anonymous ‘Everyman’
The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale discusses the antifeminist tradition, the Wife of Bath's experience with marriage over her 5 husbands, and her use of biblical authority to justify women's sexuality. It then summarizes a tale where a knight must complete a quest by learning what women truly desire, which he learns is sovereignty over their husbands. He is given a choice between a beautiful unfaithful wife or an ugly faithful one, and chooses the latter.
This document is an undergraduate research journal containing 8 student essays on topics in history, philosophy, and religious studies. The journal was published online in spring 2011 to honor excellent undergraduate work. The essays cover diverse topics such as representations of Samson in the Hebrew Bible, post-apocalyptic narratives, national identity of refugee children from Ukraine, and the philosophy of mind. Through showcasing talented student work, the journal aims to foster creativity, logic, and research within the humanities disciplines.
Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code" erroneously presents false information as facts. This presentation clearly contrasts the historical facts with the fantasy that Dan Brown claims to be factual.
This document provides an analysis of the fairy tales Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp and Jack and the Beanstalk. It suggests that fairy tales contain inner symbolic meanings and lessons. For Aladdin, characters represent aspects of human consciousness, and acquiring the lamp represents achieving spiritual enlightenment. For Jack, climbing the beanstalk represents spiritual ascension, while stealing from the giant represents acquiring virtues. Both tales depict the soul's evolution toward perfection through overcoming challenges.
- The document lists the group members and their student numbers who are submitting an assignment to their teacher, Mam Zulaikha. It then provides biographical information about Charles Lamb and analyzes his essay "Old China". The essay reflects on how one's ability to enjoy simple pleasures may diminish with wealth and increased means, as reminisced through a conversation between Elia and his cousin Bridget over a new set of china tea cups.
Glass pearls are a superior filter media manufactured by Waterco that provide outstanding water clarity. They are made of pure glass spheres that offer finer filtration than sand or crushed glass. Glass pearls have a higher density than other media, which allows them to filter down to 3 microns. They require less backwash water than sand, saving time and resources. Glass pearls are also safer than crushed glass due to their smooth spherical shape.
The narrator analyzes the emergence of women writers in England from the 16th century onward. She traces how aristocratic women like Lady Winchilsea and Margaret Cavendish were among the first to write, despite public disapproval, due to their relative freedom and resources. The letters of Dorothy Osborne reveal a verbal gift alongside disdain for women who write. Aphra Behn was a turning point as a middle-class woman who made a living through writing in defiance of conventions. This paved the way for 19th century novelists like Jane Austen and George Eliot. The narrator theorizes why the novel became the preferred form for these early women writers.
This document discusses Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost and how it synthesizes classical and Christian elements. It explores how Milton employs pagan imagery and mythology to justify God's ways to man while challenging classical writers like Homer and Virgil. While Milton rejects classicism, his poem remains deeply intertwined with and dependent on classical sources for richness. The essay examines how Milton portrays the fall of man and rejects the classical heroic ideal through his portrayal of Satan, instead showing obedience and loyalty as the moral path. It also analyzes Milton's complex relationship with and ambiguous portrayal of classical themes of courage, war, and military might in the epic.
Dissertation (before edit for application)Greg Clarke
This document provides an overview of the historiography surrounding the connection between women and witchcraft in early modern Europe. It discusses how the rise of women's history in the 1970s led scholars to view witchcraft prosecutions as a form of misogyny and oppression of women. However, more recent research has presented alternative perspectives. The document examines various theories for why women were more often associated with witchcraft, including religious ideas of women's inferiority and sexuality. It also explores the role of binary thinking in gender relations and evaluates whether witchcraft was truly misogynistic or the result of other social and economic factors during this period. The aim of the dissertation is to reevaluate these assertions and argue that male witches
This document provides an introduction to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and discusses its connections to ancient myths. It begins with biographical details about Mary Shelley and the circumstances that inspired her to write Frankenstein. It then analyzes how the novel draws from the myths of Prometheus and Narcissus. For Prometheus, it notes parallels between Victor Frankenstein and Prometheus seeking knowledge and facing consequences. For Narcissus, it discusses how Victor exhibits narcissistic personality traits like those that led to Narcissus' demise. The document aims to explore Frankenstein through a mythological lens.
The Wife of Bath argues that women should be allowed to marry as many times as they wish and that marriages are happiest when the wife is in charge. She supports her points using references from the Bible and discussions of biology, while also satirizing common misogynistic texts to challenge stereotypes of women. However, her accounts of dominating her husbands could also be seen as supporting the idea of women as unruly and domineering.
This document discusses how fairy tales can help empower and heal survivors of abuse. It begins by providing background on the author's grandmothers and their influence, as well as the importance of storytelling. It then explores how fairy tales provide frameworks for dealing with human emotions and conditions. The document focuses on three fairy tale types - Little Red Riding Hood, Bluebeard, and the Incestuous Father - and examines how entering the world of fairy tales can provide encounters with magic, characters, and oneself. It discusses the concepts of empowerment and healing, and how fairy tales can facilitate these processes by providing resolution, justice and closure to mirror the chaos in readers' lives. The author structures their discussion around five aspects of empower
This document provides summaries of the first five stories from Day 1 of Boccaccio's Decameron. The stories poke fun at religion and clergy, show the power of faith, depict religious tolerance, involve trickery and deception, showcase the failures of humans, and illustrate how status and expectations can be subverted. The summaries analyze themes such as the treatment of Jewish characters, the relationship between stories, and the roles of different storytellers.
Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast are examples of myths/legends and folktales respectively. While both involve a beautiful young woman and involve themes of love and transformation, they differ in key ways. Cupid and Psyche is set in ancient Greece and involves the gods, while Beauty and the Beast is set in a nonspecific land far away and does not involve gods. They both feature a youngest daughter who is beautiful, but Cupid and Psyche's characters become immortal beings whereas Beauty and the Beast's characters remain human. Folktales can be analyzed through various lenses like historical context, sociological interpretations, and psychological symbolism to understand cultural values and human experiences.
Hong kingston's The Woman Warrior : Culture and Talk-storiesMichelle Alspaugh
An analysis of Hong Kingston's cultural elements and her usage of the talk story.
This powerpoint uses Turning point technology slides. If you don't have these clickers, just delete the polling type questions. Lecture material in notes section (download file to see)
Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast are both well-known tales, but differ in important ways. Cupid and Psyche is set in ancient Greece and involves gods and goddesses from Greek mythology. Beauty and the Beast on the other hand takes place in an unspecified land and does not feature supernatural beings. Both stories feature the youngest and most beautiful of three daughters as the main character. There are also similarities in themes between the stories, such as innocence versus corruption and transformation from human to immortal. Folktales can be analyzed from historical, sociological, psychological, and structural perspectives to understand what they reveal about the cultures and times they came from.
The Faerie Queene is an epic poem by Edmund Spenser that tells the stories of several knights, each representing a particular virtue, as they go on quests for the Faerie Queene, Gloriana. Each of the poem's six books focuses on a different virtue - holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice, and courtesy. The knights must overcome various trials and temptations through their virtues in order to develop personally and aid the realm. Major characters include Redcrosse as the knight of holiness, Guyon as the knight of temperance, Britomart as the knight of chastity, Artegall as the knight of justice, and Calidore as
This proposal compares the gender roles and expectations for women in Chaucer's time with the character of the Wife of Bath from his work. The student will analyze how the Wife of Bath challenges these norms by having a strong, outspoken personality and interpreting the Bible in her own way. Specific points that will be covered include providing context on societal norms, the Wife of Bath's refutation of ideals of piousness, and a comparison of her character with what was typically acceptable behavior for women in the 14th century.
The document summarizes and refutes key claims made in the popular book "The Da Vinci Code". It presents 10 false claims from the book, explaining the real historical facts and truth in each case. The overarching conspiracy presented in "The Da Vinci Code" is exposed - that the real conspirator behind promoting its claims is Satan, aiming to seduce readers to doubt and reject Christianity in favor of humanism and pagan beliefs.
The document summarizes the Prologue and Tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" from The Canterbury Tales. It discusses the stereotypical characterization of the Wife of Bath and attitudes toward women at the time, which presented them as dominated by their lower nature. It also analyzes how the Wife uses the tale of the Knight and the Hag to portray her desire for sovereignty over her husbands.
The Function of the Pilgrimage in Medieval Literature
(illustrate with at least one text): Anonymous ‘Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight’, Geoffrey Chaucer ‘The Canterbury Tales’,
Anonymous ‘Everyman’
The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale discusses the antifeminist tradition, the Wife of Bath's experience with marriage over her 5 husbands, and her use of biblical authority to justify women's sexuality. It then summarizes a tale where a knight must complete a quest by learning what women truly desire, which he learns is sovereignty over their husbands. He is given a choice between a beautiful unfaithful wife or an ugly faithful one, and chooses the latter.
This document is an undergraduate research journal containing 8 student essays on topics in history, philosophy, and religious studies. The journal was published online in spring 2011 to honor excellent undergraduate work. The essays cover diverse topics such as representations of Samson in the Hebrew Bible, post-apocalyptic narratives, national identity of refugee children from Ukraine, and the philosophy of mind. Through showcasing talented student work, the journal aims to foster creativity, logic, and research within the humanities disciplines.
Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code" erroneously presents false information as facts. This presentation clearly contrasts the historical facts with the fantasy that Dan Brown claims to be factual.
This document provides an analysis of the fairy tales Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp and Jack and the Beanstalk. It suggests that fairy tales contain inner symbolic meanings and lessons. For Aladdin, characters represent aspects of human consciousness, and acquiring the lamp represents achieving spiritual enlightenment. For Jack, climbing the beanstalk represents spiritual ascension, while stealing from the giant represents acquiring virtues. Both tales depict the soul's evolution toward perfection through overcoming challenges.
- The document lists the group members and their student numbers who are submitting an assignment to their teacher, Mam Zulaikha. It then provides biographical information about Charles Lamb and analyzes his essay "Old China". The essay reflects on how one's ability to enjoy simple pleasures may diminish with wealth and increased means, as reminisced through a conversation between Elia and his cousin Bridget over a new set of china tea cups.
Glass pearls are a superior filter media manufactured by Waterco that provide outstanding water clarity. They are made of pure glass spheres that offer finer filtration than sand or crushed glass. Glass pearls have a higher density than other media, which allows them to filter down to 3 microns. They require less backwash water than sand, saving time and resources. Glass pearls are also safer than crushed glass due to their smooth spherical shape.
This document summarizes key aspects of enterprise data management systems. It discusses how these systems need to handle different data sources, transactional (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) query types, and the drawbacks of separating OLTP and OLAP systems. Modern systems aim to combine OLTP and OLAP by running both types of queries directly on the same transactional data store, eliminating ETL processes and enabling real-time analytics on the latest data. The document also notes that enterprise data tends to be sparse, with many unused or low-cardinality columns.
Edital e Anexos do Processo 11/2016 – Pregão Presencial 07/2016Maria Julia Medeiros
Este edital de licitação por pregão presencial tem como objetivo estabelecer um sistema de registro de preços para a possível aquisição de materiais para construção de passeios públicos e manutenção de estradas no município de Lavras do Sul. O pregão será realizado em 11 de abril de 2016, com envio de propostas entre 23 de março e 11 de abril. O critério de julgamento será o menor preço por lote.
The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, based on Mario Puzo's bestselling novel of the same name. It follows Don Vito Corleone, the head of a New York crime family, and his sons. As the family faces demands from the rival crime family and the changing times, the Don's reluctant son Michael takes over the family business. The film portrays the struggles of Italian immigrants in America through the lens of the Corleone family, depicting both their family values and their violent criminal operations. It was praised for its depiction of Italian culture and its influence on changing perceptions of Italian Americans.
El documento analiza si existe una asociación entre el sexo y el consumo de fruta utilizando datos del archivo "activossalud.Rdata". Se establece la hipótesis nula de que el sexo no influye en el consumo de fruta frente a la hipótesis alternativa de que sí influye. El análisis estadístico realizado muestra que el valor obtenido es mayor que el teórico, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta que hombres y mujeres no comen fruta en la misma proporción.
La tabla muestra las condiciones meteorológicas de una semana, incluyendo el día de la semana, la nubosidad, la temperatura, la dirección y velocidad del viento, la presión atmosférica y las precipitaciones.
Kurt Vonnegut's 1969 novel Slaughterhouse 5 depicts his experience as a prisoner of war who witnesses the firebombing of Dresden during World War II. The bombing killed between 25,000 to 100,000 people, with some estimates as high as 135,000. The novel creates tension between wanting to believe in an enlightened, progressive society versus seeing humanity as inherently violent and self-destructive.
1. Dokumen ini berisi program tahunan kurikulum 2013 untuk kelas 1 SD Negeri 1 Nawin Hilir tahun pelajaran 2016/2017.
2. Terdiri dari 2 semester dengan berbagai tema pelajaran seperti diri sendiri, keluarga, pengalaman, lingkungan, benda dan makhluk hidup, serta peristiwa alam.
3. Mencakup alokasi waktu, sub tema, dan keterangan untuk setiap semester.
Las aguas y la red hidrográfica en españaestudiante
Este documento resume los principales recursos hídricos de España, incluyendo sus ríos, mares, lagos y aguas subterráneas. Explica que los ríos españoles tienen poco caudal debido al clima seco y a la alta evaporación, pero que se han construido embalses para regular el suministro de agua. También describe los diferentes tipos de lagos según su profundidad, oxigenación y color del agua, así como los impactos de la extracción de aguas subterráneas a través de pozos.
STUDENTS ATTITUDE AND ATTENDANCE powerpoint.Trevor Parsons
This document discusses how student attendance in kitchens can affect service and teamwork. It identifies three main elements: how student attendance impacts kitchen service, what causes bad attendance, and how to prevent issues. Poor attendance can lead to badly run service, tempers flaring, accidents, and damaged work relationships. Causes of bad attendance include home/family issues, money/transportation problems, partying, and not caring. The document recommends making learning enjoyable, using different teaching styles, leveraging work backgrounds, and maintaining a focus on work over friendship to improve attendance.
Hur kan man använda modelldriven testautomatisering för att minska riskerna i sitt utvecklingsprojekt?
För att på kort tid utföra effektiv testning visar vi hur testmodeller kan tas fram och användas. Nya testidéer triggas av att studera eller följa modellen och ger en dynamisk testdesign perfekt lämpat för ett agilt arbetssätt.
1. Anna Bean
May 16th, 2014
The Nude in Art: ARTHS3350-001-Professor Yael Even
The Nudity of the Witches of Hans Baldung Grien
Whether or not a culture believes nature is fundamentally benign depends heavily, as is
made clear by what can be taken from the art involving witches, animals, and wilderness during
the Northern Renaissance, especially the 16th century. Individuals can attribute power to these
forces, but it is seen as at odds with the developed world of manhood and reason, which is the
draw of the conflict of their creation and viewing. On the other hand, various aspects complicate
this reading of Hans Baldung Grien’s work on witches in particular. How much one actually
literally believes in the subject matter, whether as a creator or a viewer, can also complicate the
reading of the art. But one consistent theme is the concept of a certain coded holy masculine
dominion over women and nature as an ideal, and the horror that is imagined to ensue when this
is not achieved.
In the late Middle Ages, witchcraft had many different forms and presentations, and there
was commonly a great deal of response from Catholic Church authorities on how to deal with
heresy under its authority. An encyclopedia of witchcraft titled Malleus Malificarum or Hammer
of the Witches was deemed authentic by a papal bull, and major presses in the Rhineland
between 1486 and 1520 with at least 14 editions known. Albrecht von Bayern the bishop of
Strasbourg was appointed by the pope to supervise its enforcement. Hans Baldung Grien
became a citizen of Strasbourg in 1508, and arts about witches were becoming public. 1
2. On the other hand, there was little witch-hunt activity within Baldung’s lifetime, with
elements he used borrowed from literature and folk-beliefs of the period. Baldung’s use of a
‘Sabbath’ as a setting and his use of chiaroscuro woodcut as a medium were innovative. There
is also an interpretation that how he uses witches was intended to come off as humorous, which
reflects the attitudes of humanists at Strasburg at the time, and there was indeed a male
audience.2
How Baldung presents his nude witches could be an allusion to Eve in the garden of Eden
with the demonic serpent, preoccupied with the notion of the female nude both as victim and as a
temptress. This applied to all of his works, but especially to his productions about witches.
There was popular notion that it was the excitement Eve intentionally provoked in Adam that
truly caused original sin and the fall and not the desire of knowledge, espoused by leading
authority on witchcraft and magic Cornelius Agrippa. 3
The Witch’s Sabbath (fig.1) is a first obvious example of this subject matter by Hans
Baldung Grien. This is a 1510 chiaroscuro woodcut depicting naked witches with cauldrons
holding their Sabbath in the woods accompanied by animals such as goats, cats, and amphibians.
There are even what appear to be a horse and human skull on the ground to the left. One witch is
riding on a flying goat. This is a primal Eden of the temperate climate is at odds with the
civilized world, and the black mass and the alchemy and magic is meant to be an inversion of a
Christian mass as dictated by the Catholic Church. These witches supposedly made potions, and
could turn into cats. These are lewd, disheveled witches, fitting the types of women they are
supposed to be. This triangular composition for the witches is designed to give this painting a
sense of instability and movement. 4
3. Another example is The Bewitched Groom (fig. 2), a woodcut from 1544 that portrays a
scene of a man lying on his back in an interior, accompanied by a horse and a bare-breasted,
torch-bearing witch in the corner that draws attention to her place in this chaotic composition full
of varying objects and elements. It is possible the groom is simply unconscious. (There is an
all-too real possibility that Baldung did not really believe in magic or witches.) 5
The Bewitched Groom is a mysterious work where the intended reading or narrative
interpretation is not entirely clear. It is possible it is about the general idea of someone being
bewitched, or it is even an allegory for lust, which would explain the dreamlike quality of the
woodcut. This work would also reflect the social climate of the time and place having a
fascination with the dark underbelly of the classical world, as common knowledge of Baldung’s
viewers. The witches he creates period are likely intended to be sensual, sexy, and amusing, and
maybe minimally threatening except as something that could cause a loss of self-control,
possibly the truth meaning of the work. 6
The bare breasted woman could also be a reference to procuresses. Prostitutes and
procuresses were historically commonly accused of witchcraft. But around Baldung’s lifetime,
there was a historical shift where the specific targets of accusations changed. In the earlier
Middle Ages, witches could be male or female, even of high noble class, yet over time, lower-
class women were increasingly the main targets. Another important point was there was a
common belief that witches could turn themselves into horses. 7
There are all sorts of terse, ambiguous interpretations to The Bewitched Groom, where
multiple meanings have been attributed to it, along with the various ways witches were
interpreted at the time. Other aspects that lend to the interpretation was that woodcuts were the
4. medium for popular culture for the time, and the use and application of demons and horses
would have been economic choices was subject matters. Contemporary writings indicated that
witches were thought of as female because of ideas of uncontrollable lust of the female
persuasion.
The witch-hunting manual Malleus Malificarum outright states that all witchcraft comes
from carnal lust which would have been all-too commonly associated with females. On the other
hand, the belief that witches would or could fly to their Sabbaths was held in doubt by many of
Baldung’s contemporaries. The sensations of flight could be attributed to drugs, and the
possibility of this is shown in Baldung’s work by the transfixed look on the witch women’s
faces. Baldung also had other works in the past that used horses as symbols of lust and sexual
frustration as well.
Indeed, the true theme of The Bewitched Groom may be found in the idea that the groom
had failed to control the horse, while the witch’s blazing torch is an allusion to enflamed lust.
The dropped item is actually a currycomb, with a possible pun about the groom’s lack of self-
control because ‘to curry’ means to dominate with beatings or ill-use. The groom is not literally
dead or unconscious, there is indication from the positioning of the witch and horse suggests
more mental domination where fantasy endangers the mind. The loss of reason is a loss of self
control, and this is the antithesis of the nudity and the wilderness that the witches possess.
Nudity is the partner of fantasies and dreams, and generally altered states pertaining to unreason.
The imagination is held in skepticism, and the sensual fantasy that is the providence of wild
beasts that this belief system must be curried or tamed. 8
5. Both woodcuts have a sense of movement to them, like constant currents seen in nature,
like the circle of life. This makes the sense of power these witches and animals are supposed to
possess seem more credible, where even the skeleton of the image that is the composition
supports this. It comes off as exciting, yet unstable, which suits the likely possible intentions for
these works.
Here, the power of the Catholic Church, of folk stories, and the beliefs of the humanists
of the 16th
century contribute to why reading Baldung’s works on witches can be a complex
matter. Even whether or not the witches in particular were meant to be funny or frightening is up
to contention. However, even things that are funny or buffoonish can take on a grotesque
character which can have a wrenching affect on some gut-level. Regardless of current activity
when it comes to superstitious beliefs, what the images and plots symbolize can still mean a
great deal on a thematic level on a societal scale. What was valued in these circles at least was
not just being male, but also have what was seen as a masculine capacity for reason and to resist
loss of self control at the hands of what they thought of as primeval forces threatening their
senses of self.
There is no doubt, these are works that likely have strong undercurrents of misogyny,
whether fearful or amused. On the other hand, this is executed in such a way that the subjects
are still in works that are layered, and there is a sense of applicability for other themes that could
be relevant as well. Even if the witches are supposed to be evil, there is a sense of perverse joy
and fascination with them. Just the presence of nude witches, and their parallelism with Eve and
the fall of human nature, almost seem like this is about the anxiety of being a grown man in this
society, where it is common and natural to be drawn to women, yet retain a sense of power and
independence.
6. Endnotes
1. J.Snyder, Northern Renaissance art: painting, sculpture, the graphic arts from 1350 to 1570
(New York: Abrams, 1985), p.368.
2. M.A Sullivan, “The Witches of Dürer and Hans Baldung Grien,” Renaissance Quarterly Vol.
53, No. 2, (2000), pp. 333-401.
3. J.Snyder, Northern Renaissance art: painting, sculpture, the graphic arts from 1350 to 1570
(New York: Abrams, 1985), pp366-367).
4. J.Snyder, Northern Renaissance art: painting, sculpture, the graphic arts from 1350 to 1570
(New York: Abrams, 1985), pp367-368).
5. J.Snyder, Northern Renaissance art: painting, sculpture, the graphic arts from 1350 to 1570
(New York: Abrams, 1985), p368-369).
6. M.A Sullivan, “The Witches of Dürer and Hans Baldung Grien”, Renaissance Quarterly Vol.
53, No. 2, (2000), pp. 333-401.
7. Dale Hoak, “Art, Culture, and Mentality in Renaissance Society: The Meaning of Hans
Baldung Grien's Bewitched Groom,” Renaissance Quarterly Vol. 38, No. 3 (1985), pp. 488-510.
8.L.C Hults, “Baldung's Bewitched Groom Revisited: Artistic Temperament, Fantasy and the
"Dream of Reason” The Sixteenth Century Journal Vol. 15, No. 3 (1984), pp. 259-279.
7. Figure 1. Hans Baldung Grien. The Witch’s Sabbath.
1510. Chiaroscuro Woodcut, 14 7/8 X 10 1/4 “
Figure 2. Hans Baldung Grien. The
Bewitched Groom. 1544. Woodcut,
13 1/2 X 7 7/8 “.National Gallery of
Art, Washington