The Function of the Pilgrimage in Medieval Literature
(illustrate with at least one text): Anonymous ‘Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight’, Geoffrey Chaucer ‘The Canterbury Tales’,
Anonymous ‘Everyman’
Let's consider the costumes of Hunger Games, Shadowhunters, Delirium, Divergent, and the rest of ya dystopias -- what do they indicate symbolically and about our culture?
The Wife of Bath argues that women should be allowed to marry as many times as they wish and that marriages are happiest when the wife is in charge. She supports her points using references from the Bible and discussions of biology, while also satirizing common misogynistic texts to challenge stereotypes of women. However, her accounts of dominating her husbands could also be seen as supporting the idea of women as unruly and domineering.
The Pardoner tells the story of three riotous young men who encounter Death in the form of an old man. The old man leads them to a tree containing gold, which causes them to plot to kill each other for greed. Meanwhile, the youngest buys poison to kill the other two. When they reunite and the two poisoned men kill the youngest, they all drink from poisoned bottles and die. The Pardoner uses this tale as a lesson against the deadly sins like greed, but admits he himself preaches only to make money.
The document provides an overview and summary of the Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. It summarizes that the Prologue describes the Wife of Bath as a wealthy woman who has been married five times and justifies her multiple marriages. Her Tale tells the story of a knight who must find what women truly want as punishment for rape, and is told by an old hag that they want sovereignty in marriage, which brings them happiness.
The document summarizes the story of Griselda from The Clerk's Tale. It describes how the Marquis Walter refused to marry until his people pleaded with him. He then chose Griselda, a peasant, as his wife. Throughout their marriage, Walter tests Griselda's loyalty by pretending to kill their children and divorce her, but she remains loyal each time. In the end, Walter reveals his tests were just that, and the family lives happily together, with Griselda's loyalty proven.
This document provides an analysis of the Wife of Bath character from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. It summarizes key details about her appearance and background as a thrice-married seamstress who seeks wealth over love in her marriages. The document also summarizes the plot of the Wife of Bath's Tale, in which a knight is given a year to determine what women truly desire and is told by an old hag that women wish to have sovereignty over their husbands.
The Pardoner's Tale is about a group of young Flemish people who go drinking together. They hear about a friend who was killed by Death, so in their drunkenness they decide to find and kill Death for revenge. An old man directs them to a grove where they find a stash of gold instead of Death. Greed and distrust take over as each plots to kill the others for a greater share of the gold. They draw lots to send one for supplies, and he buys poison to use on the others. But when he returns, the others have turned on each other as well, and all three die next to the gold they coveted.
Let's consider the costumes of Hunger Games, Shadowhunters, Delirium, Divergent, and the rest of ya dystopias -- what do they indicate symbolically and about our culture?
The Wife of Bath argues that women should be allowed to marry as many times as they wish and that marriages are happiest when the wife is in charge. She supports her points using references from the Bible and discussions of biology, while also satirizing common misogynistic texts to challenge stereotypes of women. However, her accounts of dominating her husbands could also be seen as supporting the idea of women as unruly and domineering.
The Pardoner tells the story of three riotous young men who encounter Death in the form of an old man. The old man leads them to a tree containing gold, which causes them to plot to kill each other for greed. Meanwhile, the youngest buys poison to kill the other two. When they reunite and the two poisoned men kill the youngest, they all drink from poisoned bottles and die. The Pardoner uses this tale as a lesson against the deadly sins like greed, but admits he himself preaches only to make money.
The document provides an overview and summary of the Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. It summarizes that the Prologue describes the Wife of Bath as a wealthy woman who has been married five times and justifies her multiple marriages. Her Tale tells the story of a knight who must find what women truly want as punishment for rape, and is told by an old hag that they want sovereignty in marriage, which brings them happiness.
The document summarizes the story of Griselda from The Clerk's Tale. It describes how the Marquis Walter refused to marry until his people pleaded with him. He then chose Griselda, a peasant, as his wife. Throughout their marriage, Walter tests Griselda's loyalty by pretending to kill their children and divorce her, but she remains loyal each time. In the end, Walter reveals his tests were just that, and the family lives happily together, with Griselda's loyalty proven.
This document provides an analysis of the Wife of Bath character from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. It summarizes key details about her appearance and background as a thrice-married seamstress who seeks wealth over love in her marriages. The document also summarizes the plot of the Wife of Bath's Tale, in which a knight is given a year to determine what women truly desire and is told by an old hag that women wish to have sovereignty over their husbands.
The Pardoner's Tale is about a group of young Flemish people who go drinking together. They hear about a friend who was killed by Death, so in their drunkenness they decide to find and kill Death for revenge. An old man directs them to a grove where they find a stash of gold instead of Death. Greed and distrust take over as each plots to kill the others for a greater share of the gold. They draw lots to send one for supplies, and he buys poison to use on the others. But when he returns, the others have turned on each other as well, and all three die next to the gold they coveted.
The document proposes an assignment analyzing how The Wife of Bath challenges gender roles of her time. The analysis will: 1) summarize The Wife of Bath's tale; 2) provide context on Chaucer's social circles; 3) describe accepted female norms; and 4) show how The Wife of Bath refutes ideals of female piousness. The character defies expectations of female behavior and asserts women's dominance through her defiance and reinterpretation of the Bible.
From Queen to Whore The Derogation of Women in EnglishSusana Villarreal
This document analyzes how words related to women in the English language have often gained negative connotations over time. It provides numerous examples of terms that were once neutral or positive titles but became insults or references to prostitutes, such as "lady" meaning simply a polite way to address a woman rather than a ruler. Even terms of endearment like "Dolly" eventually became references to unintelligent or frivolous women. The document argues this pattern of "pejoration" applies to terms for occupations, relationships, and religious roles as well, demonstrating a historical tendency within English to derogate words associated with women.
The document provides a summary of the Pardoner's character and tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. The Pardoner is a corrupt clergy member who preaches against greed while himself being driven by greed and using deception to make money. His tale is about three young men who go in search of Death after hearing of a friend's death, but instead find gold and plot to kill each other for a bigger share, only to all die after drinking poisoned wine. The tale serves to condemn greed and avarice.
The document summarizes the character of the Wife of Bath from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. She is described as being pretty with rosy cheeks, though she has a gap in her teeth and large hips and feet. She has been married five times and enjoys sexual intercourse. She believes that in marriage, one spouse must be in control, and since men are more reasonable, they should be the patient ones who agree to their wife's demands.
The Pardoner's Tale is set in medieval Flanders and tells the story of three drunk men who go searching for Death after insulting an old man in a tavern. They meet the old man again who tells them Death is under an oak tree. When they find only gold coins under the tree, their greed leads them to kill each other. The tale highlights the sins of greed, gluttony, and deception, and criticizes the corruption that had developed in the medieval Christian practice of selling indulgences.
1) The document provides summaries of young adult novels from reviews in publications like Kirkus Reviews and Booklist.
2) The summaries describe the plots of the novels, which include themes of family drama, abuse, relationships, fantasy worlds, supernatural forces, and self-discovery.
3) The reviews praise the novels for their complex characters and stories, fast-paced plots, and ability to engage readers familiar with their genres.
The poem 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight' focuses on testing the values of chivalry and courtesy expected of knights. It tells the story of Sir Gawain accepting a challenge from the Green Knight to seek him out in a year's time. On his journey, Sir Gawain faces temptations that test his integrity and loyalty. He fails to disclose receiving a girdle from the lord's lady as a token of her love. In the end, the Green Knight reveals it was all a test and that Sir Gawain, though flawed, remains honorable for living up to his word.
The document summarizes the Prologue and Tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" from The Canterbury Tales. It discusses the stereotypical characterization of the Wife of Bath and attitudes toward women at the time, which presented them as dominated by their lower nature. It also analyzes how the Wife uses the tale of the Knight and the Hag to portray her desire for sovereignty over her husbands.
The document provides a detailed summary and analysis of "The Wife of Bath's Tale" from Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It examines the wife's progressive views on female independence, sexuality, social class, and nobility. The wife uses her experience and sexuality to gain wealth and power in a patriarchal society. She believes women should have sovereignty over their lives and husbands. Her tale critiques chivalric ideals of knighthood by depicting a dishonorable knight who learns women desire mastery over men.
The Pardoner's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer tells the story of three young men who go searching for Death after he kills their friend. They meet an old man who tells them they will find Death under an old tree. When they arrive, they find gold coins instead and become consumed by greed. The men hatch a plan to kill each other for the gold. Ultimately, all three men die as a result of their avarice and desire for the coins. The overarching themes are that the love of money is the root of all evil and that people will reap what they sow.
The document summarizes a folk tale about a knight who is sentenced to death for raping a woman, but is given a chance to learn what women desire most as his means of saving his life. He encounters an old woman who tells him the answer is that women desire sovereignty over their husbands. When he provides this answer, the old woman demands he marry her, and she transforms into a beautiful young woman. The tale explores themes of female empowerment and the complexity of what women truly want.
A brief synopsis of one of Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales". Please allow for the slides to advance as you read along. Enjoy this simple, but effective, presentation for your secondary English Language Arts class!
This proposal compares the gender roles and expectations for women in Chaucer's time with the character of the Wife of Bath from his work. The student will analyze how the Wife of Bath challenges these norms by having a strong, outspoken personality and interpreting the Bible in her own way. Specific points that will be covered include providing context on societal norms, the Wife of Bath's refutation of ideals of piousness, and a comparison of her character with what was typically acceptable behavior for women in the 14th century.
recent biographies by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers qgztzqyo
autobiography audiobooks by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers | best audiobooks by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers | recent biographies by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers
This document provides a summary and analysis of how indigenous peoples have historically been portrayed in documentary films from a Western perspective. It discusses how films present stereotypical views of "the Other" as primitive, less civilized, and disconnected from modernity and history. Specific films analyzed include Nanook of the North, Cannibal Tours, and The Hunters, which depict indigenous groups like the Inuit and Bushmen as living simply, in harmony with nature, and ignorant of Western technology. The document asserts that such portrayals were influenced by ideologies like social Darwinism and served to define the modern Western self in opposition to a romanticized primitive other. It argues films offer statements about how Westerners conceptualized and differentiated themselves from indigenous
The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale discusses the antifeminist tradition, the Wife of Bath's experience with marriage over her 5 husbands, and her use of biblical authority to justify women's sexuality. It then summarizes a tale where a knight must complete a quest by learning what women truly desire, which he learns is sovereignty over their husbands. He is given a choice between a beautiful unfaithful wife or an ugly faithful one, and chooses the latter.
Composed by JK Durrani
Following short stories summaries such as:-
A cup of tea
The Devoted Friend
The Nightingale and the Red Rose
The Three Strangers
The Withered Arm
Book ii, chapters xiii through xvii. joseph andrewsFRK NIAZI
This passage analyzes chapters 13-17 of Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding. It discusses how the plot shifts its focus from Joseph and Fanny's romance to highlighting Adams' naive innocence and optimism through comedic situations. Adams believes the best knowledge comes from books and fails to see the corruption in people like Parson Trulliber and the false-promising Squire despite their increasingly bad behavior. While Adams embodies goodness, his view may be too idealistic and he could benefit from incorporating some of the Host's practical wisdom gained from experience. Joseph, on the other hand, seems to be learning from his experiences to have a more balanced and realistic understanding of society.
Nick has nightmares reflecting the savagery of the world. Gatsby's house falls into disrepair like his dream as it is no longer needed. Gatsby is too sensitive for this cruel world where Tom easily destroys him. Gatsby pursued Daisy because she represented his dreams but realizes he can't get the innocent past back. At the novel's end, Gatsby takes a swim before his death, seeing the grotesque reality that no longer matches his ideal world.
Nick cannot sleep due to the foghorn and has nightmares. In the morning, he goes to Gatsby's empty mansion and they search for cigarettes. Gatsby tells Nick about falling in love with Daisy when she was the first "nice" girl he met, but he knew he didn't belong in her social class. After the war, Daisy had moved on with Tom Buchanan by the time Gatsby returned from France. In the present, Wilson is going mad searching for the owner of the yellow car involved in the accident and eventually finds and kills Gatsby at his mansion.
The document proposes an assignment analyzing how The Wife of Bath challenges gender roles of her time. The analysis will: 1) summarize The Wife of Bath's tale; 2) provide context on Chaucer's social circles; 3) describe accepted female norms; and 4) show how The Wife of Bath refutes ideals of female piousness. The character defies expectations of female behavior and asserts women's dominance through her defiance and reinterpretation of the Bible.
From Queen to Whore The Derogation of Women in EnglishSusana Villarreal
This document analyzes how words related to women in the English language have often gained negative connotations over time. It provides numerous examples of terms that were once neutral or positive titles but became insults or references to prostitutes, such as "lady" meaning simply a polite way to address a woman rather than a ruler. Even terms of endearment like "Dolly" eventually became references to unintelligent or frivolous women. The document argues this pattern of "pejoration" applies to terms for occupations, relationships, and religious roles as well, demonstrating a historical tendency within English to derogate words associated with women.
The document provides a summary of the Pardoner's character and tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. The Pardoner is a corrupt clergy member who preaches against greed while himself being driven by greed and using deception to make money. His tale is about three young men who go in search of Death after hearing of a friend's death, but instead find gold and plot to kill each other for a bigger share, only to all die after drinking poisoned wine. The tale serves to condemn greed and avarice.
The document summarizes the character of the Wife of Bath from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. She is described as being pretty with rosy cheeks, though she has a gap in her teeth and large hips and feet. She has been married five times and enjoys sexual intercourse. She believes that in marriage, one spouse must be in control, and since men are more reasonable, they should be the patient ones who agree to their wife's demands.
The Pardoner's Tale is set in medieval Flanders and tells the story of three drunk men who go searching for Death after insulting an old man in a tavern. They meet the old man again who tells them Death is under an oak tree. When they find only gold coins under the tree, their greed leads them to kill each other. The tale highlights the sins of greed, gluttony, and deception, and criticizes the corruption that had developed in the medieval Christian practice of selling indulgences.
1) The document provides summaries of young adult novels from reviews in publications like Kirkus Reviews and Booklist.
2) The summaries describe the plots of the novels, which include themes of family drama, abuse, relationships, fantasy worlds, supernatural forces, and self-discovery.
3) The reviews praise the novels for their complex characters and stories, fast-paced plots, and ability to engage readers familiar with their genres.
The poem 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight' focuses on testing the values of chivalry and courtesy expected of knights. It tells the story of Sir Gawain accepting a challenge from the Green Knight to seek him out in a year's time. On his journey, Sir Gawain faces temptations that test his integrity and loyalty. He fails to disclose receiving a girdle from the lord's lady as a token of her love. In the end, the Green Knight reveals it was all a test and that Sir Gawain, though flawed, remains honorable for living up to his word.
The document summarizes the Prologue and Tale from Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" from The Canterbury Tales. It discusses the stereotypical characterization of the Wife of Bath and attitudes toward women at the time, which presented them as dominated by their lower nature. It also analyzes how the Wife uses the tale of the Knight and the Hag to portray her desire for sovereignty over her husbands.
The document provides a detailed summary and analysis of "The Wife of Bath's Tale" from Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It examines the wife's progressive views on female independence, sexuality, social class, and nobility. The wife uses her experience and sexuality to gain wealth and power in a patriarchal society. She believes women should have sovereignty over their lives and husbands. Her tale critiques chivalric ideals of knighthood by depicting a dishonorable knight who learns women desire mastery over men.
The Pardoner's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer tells the story of three young men who go searching for Death after he kills their friend. They meet an old man who tells them they will find Death under an old tree. When they arrive, they find gold coins instead and become consumed by greed. The men hatch a plan to kill each other for the gold. Ultimately, all three men die as a result of their avarice and desire for the coins. The overarching themes are that the love of money is the root of all evil and that people will reap what they sow.
The document summarizes a folk tale about a knight who is sentenced to death for raping a woman, but is given a chance to learn what women desire most as his means of saving his life. He encounters an old woman who tells him the answer is that women desire sovereignty over their husbands. When he provides this answer, the old woman demands he marry her, and she transforms into a beautiful young woman. The tale explores themes of female empowerment and the complexity of what women truly want.
A brief synopsis of one of Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales". Please allow for the slides to advance as you read along. Enjoy this simple, but effective, presentation for your secondary English Language Arts class!
This proposal compares the gender roles and expectations for women in Chaucer's time with the character of the Wife of Bath from his work. The student will analyze how the Wife of Bath challenges these norms by having a strong, outspoken personality and interpreting the Bible in her own way. Specific points that will be covered include providing context on societal norms, the Wife of Bath's refutation of ideals of piousness, and a comparison of her character with what was typically acceptable behavior for women in the 14th century.
recent biographies by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers qgztzqyo
autobiography audiobooks by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers | best audiobooks by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers | recent biographies by Jackie Kai Ellis - The Measure of My Powers
This document provides a summary and analysis of how indigenous peoples have historically been portrayed in documentary films from a Western perspective. It discusses how films present stereotypical views of "the Other" as primitive, less civilized, and disconnected from modernity and history. Specific films analyzed include Nanook of the North, Cannibal Tours, and The Hunters, which depict indigenous groups like the Inuit and Bushmen as living simply, in harmony with nature, and ignorant of Western technology. The document asserts that such portrayals were influenced by ideologies like social Darwinism and served to define the modern Western self in opposition to a romanticized primitive other. It argues films offer statements about how Westerners conceptualized and differentiated themselves from indigenous
The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale discusses the antifeminist tradition, the Wife of Bath's experience with marriage over her 5 husbands, and her use of biblical authority to justify women's sexuality. It then summarizes a tale where a knight must complete a quest by learning what women truly desire, which he learns is sovereignty over their husbands. He is given a choice between a beautiful unfaithful wife or an ugly faithful one, and chooses the latter.
Composed by JK Durrani
Following short stories summaries such as:-
A cup of tea
The Devoted Friend
The Nightingale and the Red Rose
The Three Strangers
The Withered Arm
Book ii, chapters xiii through xvii. joseph andrewsFRK NIAZI
This passage analyzes chapters 13-17 of Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding. It discusses how the plot shifts its focus from Joseph and Fanny's romance to highlighting Adams' naive innocence and optimism through comedic situations. Adams believes the best knowledge comes from books and fails to see the corruption in people like Parson Trulliber and the false-promising Squire despite their increasingly bad behavior. While Adams embodies goodness, his view may be too idealistic and he could benefit from incorporating some of the Host's practical wisdom gained from experience. Joseph, on the other hand, seems to be learning from his experiences to have a more balanced and realistic understanding of society.
Nick has nightmares reflecting the savagery of the world. Gatsby's house falls into disrepair like his dream as it is no longer needed. Gatsby is too sensitive for this cruel world where Tom easily destroys him. Gatsby pursued Daisy because she represented his dreams but realizes he can't get the innocent past back. At the novel's end, Gatsby takes a swim before his death, seeing the grotesque reality that no longer matches his ideal world.
Nick cannot sleep due to the foghorn and has nightmares. In the morning, he goes to Gatsby's empty mansion and they search for cigarettes. Gatsby tells Nick about falling in love with Daisy when she was the first "nice" girl he met, but he knew he didn't belong in her social class. After the war, Daisy had moved on with Tom Buchanan by the time Gatsby returned from France. In the present, Wilson is going mad searching for the owner of the yellow car involved in the accident and eventually finds and kills Gatsby at his mansion.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)heartfulness
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
2nd issue of Volume 15. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc.A very useful magazine for everyone.
Protector & Destroyer: Agni Dev (The Hindu God of Fire)Exotic India
So let us turn the pages of ancient Indian literature and get to know more about Agni, the mighty purifier of all things, worshipped in Indian culture as a God since the Vedic time.
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu ExpertSanatan Vastu
Santan Vastu Provides Vedic astrology courses & Vastu remedies, If you are searching Vastu for home, Vastu for kitchen, Vastu for house, Vastu for Office & Factory. Best Vastu in Bahadurgarh. Best Vastu in Delhi NCR
The Vulnerabilities of Individuals Born Under Swati Nakshatra.pdfAstroAnuradha
Individuals born under Swati Nakshatra often exhibit a strong sense of independence and adaptability, yet they may also face vulnerabilities such as indecisiveness and a tendency to be easily swayed by external influences. Their quest for balance and harmony can sometimes lead to inner conflict and a lack of assertiveness. To know more visit: astroanuradha.com
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
Chandra Dev: Unveiling the Mystery of the Moon GodExotic India
Shining brightly in the sky, some days more than others, the Moon in popular culture is a symbol of love, romance, and beauty. The ancient Hindu texts, however, mention the Moon as an intriguing and powerful being, worshiped by sages as Chandra.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31JL de Belen
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
1. 1
1. The Function of the Pilgrimage in Medieval Literature
(illustrate with at least one text): Anonymous ‘Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight’, Geoffrey Chaucer ‘The Canterbury Tales’,
Anonymous ‘Everyman’
The English Medieval Literature is a source of much information about the common people.
It reveals aspects about the social status of women, religion, beliefs and customs. Medieval England
did not recognize the existence of any class between the aristocracy and the commons. However,
there existed a large and increasingly important middle class who could afford a proper education.
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in such a wealthy family, son of a wine merchant. His education offered
him important positions near the Royal Court. Although he had a busy life at the Court, he was
much concerned with literature, reading Italian and French works of poetry. He also wrote a
significant number of poems in the vernacular English, inspired by the Italian literature.
The Canterbury Tales was Chaucer’s chief literary interest until his death. As a commoner
himself, he had a sympathy for the lower classes which he describes in this literary work. His
original plan was to write about 120 stories, two for each pilgrim to tell on the way to Canterbury
and two on the way back. He wrote The Canterbury Tales in English, for common people. He
wasn’t obedient neither to the Court, whose official language was French, not to the Church, whose
official language was Latin. With an intense realism of his characters, Geoffrey documents various
social tensions of his the Medieval England. Surviving tales have an unknown order, but some
scholars choose the order on a combination of the links and the geographical landmarks that
pilgrims pass on their way to Canterbury.
The premise for storytelling is a pilgrimage to the shrine of the famous English saint,
Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered in his church. Medieval
pilgrims were notorious story-tellers. We are invited by the narrator to take part in a travel through
the English medieval society and listen to their stories. They are common people described with
much detail in the General Prologue. The group ride together and entertain each other with stories.
A knight, a miller, a wife, nuns, a parson, a monk, a pardoner (responsible with indulgence sales)
and other pilgrims from various social classes are brought together by the pilgrimage. The
pilgrimage offer them a common purpose. Some stories have a noble air, like the Knight’s tale
placed in Athens, with legendary characters, such as Theseus, Emelye and Palamon. Other stories
have much humor, such as the Miller’s tale about an adulteress wife. Women were stigmatized in
those times, considered to be the cause of all sin and evil. Stories are often turned against a certain
member of this group of pilgrims, often against women. But in this pilgrimage there are women
who want to defend their status through another story. The Wife of Bath describes a knight, the
materialization of masculine virtue, as a most ill-behaved and ill-mannered man. The story contest
turns into a fight. Tales become highly offensive, directed to one another. However, in the spirit of
the pilgrimage fellowship, they forgive each other and laugh together. The pilgrimage creates strong
friendship bonds and a way of knowing each other.
2. 2
Religion, especially Christianity, was a daily subject for the Medieval People of England.
Pilgrimages were ways of atoning sins, but Chaucer’s pilgrims which lacks mercy, humility,
modesty and any other sign of Christian piety. The Wife of Bath performs theological disputes
whether it is right or wrong to be married several times, since she had five husbands. She comes
with biblical arguments, showing how much concerned with religion were commoners.
Through pilgrimage, travelers discover their inner struggles, view of world, religious
opinions, secrets or marital problems. Each story has a prologue where a member of the group
reveals his own self. The pilgrimage develops conflicts through storytelling and reveals secrets
which are never told elsewhere. Some stories are verosimil, describing real-life situations. Other
stories are fantastic, depicting fantastic creatures, magicians associated with science, magic powers
and popular beliefs. Pilgrimage is a place for all sorts of stories, Greek and Roman legends, tragic
tales or merry tales, moral tales and chivalry tales. The pilgrimage is a place where everyone can
show themselves as the really are, with honesty. The Pardoner reveals his fraudulent activity with
false relics. The Wife of Bath shows her experience with men, the Prioress unravels her hate for
Jews and the Cook rides blind drunk at the back of the company. It is nothing pious to be found at
this group of pilgrims. They drink, laugh and tell a great deal of picaresque stories about adulteress
women. The pilgrimage reveals the character of each member with their innermost traits, as a place
where everyone confesses himself with honesty.
In Canterbury Tales pilgrimage is a premise for story telling, a way of communication, a
place where secrets are told and where debates take place.
The anonymus morality play Everyman also uses the theme of pilgrimage, but in a more
abstract way. Its characters are allegorical, like Everyman, Mercy, Discretion, Good Deeds or
Mischief. The play presents in an allegorical way the forces which can help to save Everyman from
the eternal damnation. Everyman will have to make a journey from life to death. In this journey
towards death he will have to gather friends like Friendship, Good Deeds, Kindred and Cousin. All
forsake Everyman in his quest towards his grave, except Good Deeds who will follow him in his
pilgrimage.
The pilgrimage itself is an important type in medieval literature, providing base for many
medieval writing, such as Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. The metaphor is life as a journey towards
God. In Everyman the emphasis is quite firmly laid on the fact that it is a journey that you make
alone. To atone for his sins, Everyman will have to take this journey, even if he has to whip himself
as a sign of atonement. Priesthood is also an important stop on his journey, where he will receive
forgiveness. The moral play puts stress on the importance of priesthood. When Everyman is ready
to go, Good Deeds stops him, telling him he needs three more people to accompany him:
Discretion, Strength and Beauty. Everyman gathers his friends and is finally happy now that he has
everything he needs to go on his pilgrimage to the afterlife. But all his fellow pilgrims will forsake
him when he reaches his grave. Only Good Deeds will be happy to follow him beyond death.
Pilgrimage in Everyman is an allegory of the life which moves inevitably and irreversibly
towards death. It serves as a way to convey the Catholic doctrine of life, death, virtue and sin,
priesthood, the futility of worldly goods and fame.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, although it does not expresses directly the idea of a
pilgrimage, it describes a travel in the search of the Green Chapel. Sir Gawain is a young knight
who steps forward and accepts the Green Knight’s challenge. After beheading the Green Knight in a
beheading game, he will have to search for him to receive back the blow of an axe. His journey will
not test only Gawain’s bravery, but also his honesty and integrity.
3. 3
The passing of the seasons are poetically described and symbolizes the change in Gawain’s
heart. Just as the external world shifts over the course of the year, so does Gawain’s inner climate.
He transforms from a joyous youth to a mournful figure as the world passes from winter to summer
and back again. Gawain is called to demonstrate his steadfastness in a world designed to change by
cycles of life and death. On the Day of All Saints, Gawain will start his pilgrimage, searching for
the Green Chapel. He encounter various enemies - wolves and dragons, bulls and bears, boars and
giants - but always prevails over his enemies. On the Christmas Eve, the desperate Gawain prays to
Virgin Mary that he might find a place to attend Christmas Mass. Gawain looks up and sees a
beautiful castle. The host is Sir Bertilak, which had been disguised into the Green Knight. The
second part of his quest will be a loyalty and honesty test and will take place in this castle. His
honesty is tested by the host’s wife. Sir Gawain promises to give to his host everything he will
receive from the two women of the castle, the host’s wife and Morgan le Feye. His partial honesty
shows that he is not a perfect knight. He gives two kisses to his host, but he hides the sash which he
received from the host’s wife. His journey to the Green Chapel is a road towards maturity. He
atones his mistake of hiding the sash by receiving a little cut on his neck. After completing the
quest, Sir Gawain returns as an experienced knight.
For Sir Gawain pilgrimage is a way to achieve perfection. The travel is his road to maturity
and symbolize his inner development. He defeat beasts and, with the help of Holy Mary, he finds
the Green Knight. He is tempted by Bertilak’s mistress and he rejects her in a chivalry way. The last
part of his journey is an atonement for his mistake of hiding the sash. The only injury he gets is a
small cut on his neck. He returns victorious in Camelot to tell his tale.
In all three literary works, pilgrimage has a common purpose: inner development.
Canterbury Tale’s pilgrims develops communication and exchange knowledge, Everyman purifies
his soul as he prepares for the afterlife, while Sir Gawain becomes a better knight. They all go
through changes, in a way or another. The main functions of pilgrimage in the English Medieval
Literature is to show the irreversible passage of time, the development of a character, storytelling
and communication.