This document discusses a proposed system called TICOS (Treatment Information and Cost Optimization System) to address issues with decision uncertainty and the compromise effect for patients making health care decisions in India. It begins with background on existing health information systems and literature on decision making. It then outlines the existing challenges with variability in quality and costs across providers and lack of standardized information. The proposed TICOS system would provide patients complete information on treatment options and costs to improve transparency and decision making. It would be integrated across hospitals in a region through regulatory bodies. The goal is to help patients make more informed, optimized choices to get the best treatment within their means and reduce decision uncertainty.
The Future of Personalizing Care Management & the Patient ExperienceRaphael Louis Vitón
Actionable segmentation model findings - by Raphael Louis Vitón & Dream team of industry experts, physicians and leaders from Blue Cross, GEHealthCare, RingLeaderVentures, Maddock Douglas, Dr.Daniel Friedland, etc working on improving health outcomes by Personalizing the Care Management business model for Better Outcomes & Better Economics (through patient empowerment)
in order to meet cost reduction targets, CMOs
* Share patient data across ecosystems
* Embed shared organizational intelligence
* Establish guidance for quality & cost within physician workflows
* Prepare physician leaders to create a culture of continual improvement
The Future of Personalizing Care Management & the Patient ExperienceRaphael Louis Vitón
Actionable segmentation model findings - by Raphael Louis Vitón & Dream team of industry experts, physicians and leaders from Blue Cross, GEHealthCare, RingLeaderVentures, Maddock Douglas, Dr.Daniel Friedland, etc working on improving health outcomes by Personalizing the Care Management business model for Better Outcomes & Better Economics (through patient empowerment)
in order to meet cost reduction targets, CMOs
* Share patient data across ecosystems
* Embed shared organizational intelligence
* Establish guidance for quality & cost within physician workflows
* Prepare physician leaders to create a culture of continual improvement
Using technology-enabled social prescriptions to disrupt healthcareDr Sven Jungmann
As chronic diseases are increasingly straining healthcare systems, social factors are gaining importance. Since the birth of social medicine (19th century), we saw many failed attempts to beat the dominance of the biomedical model. Social prescriptions have come, raising hopes that non-biomedical solutions will improve outcomes and optimise resource use. Social Prescriptions connect citizens to support to address social determinants of health and encourage self-care for physical and mental health. Social prescriptions can make us healthier cheaper and with fewer side effects than most drugs. Social prescriptions can become a disruptive force as they can be personalised, improve lifestyle-related diseases, and support non-biomedical issues affected by social determinants of health.
The Strategy of Identifying Solid Investment Opportunities in HealthcareTamas Ban, PhD, MBA
Consumerism in the healthcare industry is an inescapable growing trend. Patients are increasingly taking an active role in their care experience and are ever more empowered to choose their own care alternatives.
The key to driving a more consumer-based healthcare experience is to devise a cost-effective method to capture and analyze such information.
Healthcare is transforming into value-based healthcare, requiring investors to adjust their investment risk measures.
At the crossroads of healthcare and innovation lies service platform technologies. Hardware and service technologies will finally meet in 2016 to enable patient-centered healthcare services.
New key performance indicators (KPls) are necessary to measure patient outcomes, and new service platform technologies will use these new KPls.
Successful investments in healthcare ventures must show a positive impact on healthcare. The impact can be measured by cost, outcome, and alignment of incentives across payers, providers, and patients.
The 100-year-old methods used to measure the effects of medicine do not allow for personalization. Service platforms will bridge this gap.
Continuity of care relies on increasing the number of touch points, which service platform technologies will expand. They will also lead to connecting patients, providers, and payers to increase efficiency of patient care.
This paper will highlight a Quick Healthcare Value Assessment Tool for the investor.
Summary -- Patient Centered Medical Home the Necessary Foundation for Accountable Care and Population Management.
In the next 10 years, we will be living in 1) mobile world 2) in the middle of an aging and chronic disease epidemic and 3) data. But , we will also have the ability to analyze data in a cognitive way this will do for doctors’ minds what X-ray and medical imaging have done for their vision. How? By turning data into actionable information. Take, for instance, IBM’s intelligent supercomputer, Watson. Watson can analyze the meaning and con-text of human language and quickly process vast amounts of information. With this in-formation, it can suggest options targeted to a patient’s specific circumstances.
We need the basic foundation to support this transformation a system integrator where data at the level of a patients flows and is held accountable and that model is the Patient Centered Medical Home. (PCMH) starts to happen when clinicians/ healers step up to comprehensive relationship based care empowered by tools to manage the data and communicate effectively. This move to PCMH level care requires the discipline of leading a team that delivers population health management, patent centered prevention, care that is coordination, comprehensive accessible 24/7 and integrated across a deliver system and all of that is power by data made into meaningful information.
But at its core it is a move toward integration of a healing relationship in primary care and population management all at the point of care with the tools to do just that.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) lies at the center of the effort to get at population health, integrated and coordinated care. PCMH is where the Primary care healer leads an organization that delivers clinician-led primary care, with comprehensive, accessible, holistic, coordinated, evidence-based coordination and management. In the USA this is now the standard in the US Veterans Administration and the US Military and under the ACA.
Patient Centered Medical home talk at WVUPaul Grundy
To employers the cost of healthcare is now a business issue and this talk is about what one large buyer IBM did to drive transformation via broad coalition with other large employers to form the Patient Centered Medical Home movement and the covenant between buyer and provider away from the garbage we now buy episodic uncoordinated disintegrated care. In the change of convenient conversation we have worked with the Primary care providers to give us coordinated, integrated, accessible and compressive care with a set of principles know as the Patient centered medical home.
A Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) happens when primary care healers keeping that core healing relationship with their patients step up to become specialists in Family and Community Medicine. The move is to the discipline of leading a team that delivers population health management, patent centered prevention, care that is coordination, comprehensive accessible 24/7 and integrated across a deliver system. PCMH happens when the specialists in Family and Community Medicine wake up every morning and ask the question how will my team improve the health of my community today?
All over the world three huge factors are in play that is driving the concept of Patient Centered Medical Home. They are:
1) Cost and demography
2) Information technology and data (information that is actionable will equal a demand for accountability by the payer or buyer of the care)
3) Consumer demand to engage healthcare differently (at least as well as they can their bank- on line) have a question about lab results why not e-mail?
But at its core it is a move toward integration of a healing relationship in primary care and population management all at the point of care with the tools to do just that.
Connected Health Presentationo May 2016 finalPhillip Thomas
"Connected Health is often mentioned as a solution for the many challenges that healthcare is facing -- among which are rising costs, aging populations, higher chronic disease rates, and growing expectations for more affordable and higher-quality care. Added to this is the complexity that is caused when healthcare works in silos and the promise of interoperability still seems like a distant vision. Our session on May 24th will discuss current strategies being implemented in connected health, as well as gaps, and possible solutions.”
How do we see the healthcare's digital future and its impact on our lives?Jane Vita
"Healthcare is undergoing major changes spurred on by, but not limited to, technology.
Digitalisation is changing the way we think about health, what taking care of it really entails, our personal role in healthcare systems and the way we interact with technology in the context of health.
In many ways, we are entering a post-institutional age of increased personal responsibility, which presents healthcare service providers and other players in the field with major opportunities and great risks. Technology has the potential to empower people and help them become more active in the management of their and their families’ health. This will change the relationship of the patient and the caregiver in profound ways." Mirkka Länsisalo
A co-creation with Mirkka Läansisalo and Sala Heinänen, at Futurice.
140306 dr tim ferris healthcare cost challengeNuffield Trust
In this slideshow, Dr Tim Ferris, Vice President for Population Health Management, Partners HealthCare, and Medical Director of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organisation; explores a new approach to meeting the health care cost challenge.
Reinventing How Health Systems Manage Revenue and Can Improve the Economics o...revenuecyclem
Learn how healthcare organizations need to go beyond simply improving current revenue cycle management processes to create a brighter financial future.
Value-Based Purchasing and the Role of Home Care TechnologyAlayaCare
While shifting financial models is a major challenge facing healthcare, we can safely assume where that shift is heading. As it stands, there continues to be a paucity of good evidence as to how to run an effective Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) program, and definitive metrics on how it can lead to better outcomes. Thus, this shift is underway filled with far more expectations than answers.
With this guide will you learn how your home care agency can prepare, adapt and thrive in a value-based purchasing landscape with the help of modern home care technology.
Разработка интегрированного показателя оценки качества обслуживания с примене...AssociationAMKO
Ольга Горелова (РОМИР): Разработка интегрированного показателя оценки качества обслуживания с применением технологии Мистери шопинг и CSI на базе портального решения, включающего работу с упущенными клиентами. Или как я покупал автомобиль?»
Using technology-enabled social prescriptions to disrupt healthcareDr Sven Jungmann
As chronic diseases are increasingly straining healthcare systems, social factors are gaining importance. Since the birth of social medicine (19th century), we saw many failed attempts to beat the dominance of the biomedical model. Social prescriptions have come, raising hopes that non-biomedical solutions will improve outcomes and optimise resource use. Social Prescriptions connect citizens to support to address social determinants of health and encourage self-care for physical and mental health. Social prescriptions can make us healthier cheaper and with fewer side effects than most drugs. Social prescriptions can become a disruptive force as they can be personalised, improve lifestyle-related diseases, and support non-biomedical issues affected by social determinants of health.
The Strategy of Identifying Solid Investment Opportunities in HealthcareTamas Ban, PhD, MBA
Consumerism in the healthcare industry is an inescapable growing trend. Patients are increasingly taking an active role in their care experience and are ever more empowered to choose their own care alternatives.
The key to driving a more consumer-based healthcare experience is to devise a cost-effective method to capture and analyze such information.
Healthcare is transforming into value-based healthcare, requiring investors to adjust their investment risk measures.
At the crossroads of healthcare and innovation lies service platform technologies. Hardware and service technologies will finally meet in 2016 to enable patient-centered healthcare services.
New key performance indicators (KPls) are necessary to measure patient outcomes, and new service platform technologies will use these new KPls.
Successful investments in healthcare ventures must show a positive impact on healthcare. The impact can be measured by cost, outcome, and alignment of incentives across payers, providers, and patients.
The 100-year-old methods used to measure the effects of medicine do not allow for personalization. Service platforms will bridge this gap.
Continuity of care relies on increasing the number of touch points, which service platform technologies will expand. They will also lead to connecting patients, providers, and payers to increase efficiency of patient care.
This paper will highlight a Quick Healthcare Value Assessment Tool for the investor.
Summary -- Patient Centered Medical Home the Necessary Foundation for Accountable Care and Population Management.
In the next 10 years, we will be living in 1) mobile world 2) in the middle of an aging and chronic disease epidemic and 3) data. But , we will also have the ability to analyze data in a cognitive way this will do for doctors’ minds what X-ray and medical imaging have done for their vision. How? By turning data into actionable information. Take, for instance, IBM’s intelligent supercomputer, Watson. Watson can analyze the meaning and con-text of human language and quickly process vast amounts of information. With this in-formation, it can suggest options targeted to a patient’s specific circumstances.
We need the basic foundation to support this transformation a system integrator where data at the level of a patients flows and is held accountable and that model is the Patient Centered Medical Home. (PCMH) starts to happen when clinicians/ healers step up to comprehensive relationship based care empowered by tools to manage the data and communicate effectively. This move to PCMH level care requires the discipline of leading a team that delivers population health management, patent centered prevention, care that is coordination, comprehensive accessible 24/7 and integrated across a deliver system and all of that is power by data made into meaningful information.
But at its core it is a move toward integration of a healing relationship in primary care and population management all at the point of care with the tools to do just that.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) lies at the center of the effort to get at population health, integrated and coordinated care. PCMH is where the Primary care healer leads an organization that delivers clinician-led primary care, with comprehensive, accessible, holistic, coordinated, evidence-based coordination and management. In the USA this is now the standard in the US Veterans Administration and the US Military and under the ACA.
Patient Centered Medical home talk at WVUPaul Grundy
To employers the cost of healthcare is now a business issue and this talk is about what one large buyer IBM did to drive transformation via broad coalition with other large employers to form the Patient Centered Medical Home movement and the covenant between buyer and provider away from the garbage we now buy episodic uncoordinated disintegrated care. In the change of convenient conversation we have worked with the Primary care providers to give us coordinated, integrated, accessible and compressive care with a set of principles know as the Patient centered medical home.
A Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) happens when primary care healers keeping that core healing relationship with their patients step up to become specialists in Family and Community Medicine. The move is to the discipline of leading a team that delivers population health management, patent centered prevention, care that is coordination, comprehensive accessible 24/7 and integrated across a deliver system. PCMH happens when the specialists in Family and Community Medicine wake up every morning and ask the question how will my team improve the health of my community today?
All over the world three huge factors are in play that is driving the concept of Patient Centered Medical Home. They are:
1) Cost and demography
2) Information technology and data (information that is actionable will equal a demand for accountability by the payer or buyer of the care)
3) Consumer demand to engage healthcare differently (at least as well as they can their bank- on line) have a question about lab results why not e-mail?
But at its core it is a move toward integration of a healing relationship in primary care and population management all at the point of care with the tools to do just that.
Connected Health Presentationo May 2016 finalPhillip Thomas
"Connected Health is often mentioned as a solution for the many challenges that healthcare is facing -- among which are rising costs, aging populations, higher chronic disease rates, and growing expectations for more affordable and higher-quality care. Added to this is the complexity that is caused when healthcare works in silos and the promise of interoperability still seems like a distant vision. Our session on May 24th will discuss current strategies being implemented in connected health, as well as gaps, and possible solutions.”
How do we see the healthcare's digital future and its impact on our lives?Jane Vita
"Healthcare is undergoing major changes spurred on by, but not limited to, technology.
Digitalisation is changing the way we think about health, what taking care of it really entails, our personal role in healthcare systems and the way we interact with technology in the context of health.
In many ways, we are entering a post-institutional age of increased personal responsibility, which presents healthcare service providers and other players in the field with major opportunities and great risks. Technology has the potential to empower people and help them become more active in the management of their and their families’ health. This will change the relationship of the patient and the caregiver in profound ways." Mirkka Länsisalo
A co-creation with Mirkka Läansisalo and Sala Heinänen, at Futurice.
140306 dr tim ferris healthcare cost challengeNuffield Trust
In this slideshow, Dr Tim Ferris, Vice President for Population Health Management, Partners HealthCare, and Medical Director of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organisation; explores a new approach to meeting the health care cost challenge.
Reinventing How Health Systems Manage Revenue and Can Improve the Economics o...revenuecyclem
Learn how healthcare organizations need to go beyond simply improving current revenue cycle management processes to create a brighter financial future.
Value-Based Purchasing and the Role of Home Care TechnologyAlayaCare
While shifting financial models is a major challenge facing healthcare, we can safely assume where that shift is heading. As it stands, there continues to be a paucity of good evidence as to how to run an effective Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) program, and definitive metrics on how it can lead to better outcomes. Thus, this shift is underway filled with far more expectations than answers.
With this guide will you learn how your home care agency can prepare, adapt and thrive in a value-based purchasing landscape with the help of modern home care technology.
Разработка интегрированного показателя оценки качества обслуживания с примене...AssociationAMKO
Ольга Горелова (РОМИР): Разработка интегрированного показателя оценки качества обслуживания с применением технологии Мистери шопинг и CSI на базе портального решения, включающего работу с упущенными клиентами. Или как я покупал автомобиль?»
Designing the City According to the Wind: Using WAsP to Minimize the Impacts ...AM Publications
Buildings should provide shelter for human activities. With increasing urbanization and increasing
urban population the cities are forced to grow vertically. This increase in high rise buildings density influences the
outdoor climate especially the wind climate. This paper is focussed on the wind flow patterns around high rise
building complex. Incorporation of wind in design process in an important issue, therefore, the design of a building
should not only focus on the building envelope and on providing good indoor environment, but should also include
the effect of the design on the outdoor environment. The outdoor environment of a building, in particular related to
wind, has received relatively little attention in the Building Physics community. The present paper addresses
architects and planners and focuses on the outdoor wind environment for human comfort first, a literature review on
related wind studies is provided. The relation between wind effects, wind comfort, wind danger and wind climate is
outlined.
Survey: Elliptic Curve Cryptography using Scalar Multiplication AlgorithmsAM Publications
Stopping unauthorized access to corporate information systems is crucial for many organizations. In which
Communication security is playing one of the key area of interest to protect the sensitive/valuable data. The data used in
communication is very sensitive/valuable and needs to be protected and made abstract from intruders of system or over the
network. The recent way to provide precious security mechanism of Network security is Cryptography using Elliptic Curve
architectures which is based on the arithmetic of elliptic curves and discrete logarithmic problems. ECC schemes are public-key
based mechanisms that provide Cipher text (Encryption), digital signatures and key exchange algorithms. The most crucial
operation in the cryptosystem is the scalar multiplication operation. In this paper, we study various scalar multiplication
algorithms with respect to the efficiency, weight and features etc. This paper gives an idea about algorithms and the areas where
we need to researchers can proceed further in the computation of cryptosystem.
SEE Automation & Engineers, established in the year 1998 manufacturer and supplier of the wide range of Automotive Parts. In this product range we are offering Smart Positioner, Electro Pneumatic Positioner and Pneumatic Accessories.
Healthcare by Any Other Name - Centricity Business WhitepaperGE Healthcare - IT
Whether referred to as integrated healthcare or accountable care, the
current focus on new healthcare models is a reaction to long-standing
concerns around quality, cost, and efficiency. Many of these issues stem
from care delivery systems that have been:
• Directed more at episodic treatment than prevention and early intervention
• Fragmented rather than integrated and coordinated
• Focused on patient eligibility and billing rather than patient engagement
within and outside of the care setting
• Customized to the idiosyncrasies of individual facilities rather than
standardized across care sites
• Rewarded more for volume than for quality and cost outcomes
The resulting inefficiencies have made healthcare less effective, less safe,
and more costly than can be tolerated, particularly against the backdrop of
a challenging worldwide economy. The old dictum ‘if you provide healthcare,
they will pay’ no longer applies. Public payers, private payers, and regulatory
agencies are wielding both carrots and sticks to drive healthcare organizations
toward greater coordination, demonstrable quality, and measurable
cost control.
The consensus on what ails our health systems, as well as the availability
of new technologies, has led to the creation of new models of delivery,
such accountable care organizations and integrated health organizations.
By whatever name, these healthcare models are designed to promote
accountability and improve outcomes for the health of a defined population.
Make sure it is in APA 7 format and at least 3-4 paragraphs and refe.docxendawalling
Make sure it is in APA 7 format and at least 3-4 paragraphs and references.
Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes.
In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment.
To Prepare:
Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies.
Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information.
Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
By Day 3 of Week 6
Post
a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples.
By Day 6 of Week 6
Respond
to at least
two
of your colleagues
* on two different days
, offering additional/alternative ideas regarding opportunities and risks related to the observations shared.
Click on the
Reply
button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the
Submit
button to post your message.
*Note:
Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.
Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next .
Chapter 4 Information Systems to Support Population Health Managem.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 4 Information Systems to Support Population Health Management Learning Objectives To be able to understand the data and information needs of health systems in managing population health effectively under value-based payment models. To be able to discuss key health IT tools and strategies for population health management including EHRs, registries, risk stratification, patient engagement, and outreach, care coordination and management, analytics, health information exchange, and telemedicine and telehealth. To be able to discuss the application and use of data analytics to monitor, predict, and improve performance. The enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) brought about sweeping legislation intended to reduce the numbers of uninsured and make health care accessible to all Americans. It also ushered in an era in which changing reimbursement and care delivery models are driving providers from the current fragmented system focused on volume-based services to an outcomes orientation. As a result, the health care system now taking shape is one in which value-based payment models financially reward patient-centered, coordinated, accountable care. Against this backdrop, providers' increasing use of evidence-based medicine and growing capabilities in managing volumes of clinical evidence through sophisticated health IT systems will mean that treatments can be tailored for the individual and interventions can be made earlier to keep patients well. Furthermore, patient engagement is fast becoming a critical component in the care process, particularly in the area of population health management (PHM). Health care providers' interest in improving population health appears to be increasing because of the sudden ubiquity of the phrase, because many are participating in accountable care organizations (ACOs), and because even hospitals not participating in an ACO increasingly have incentives to reduce their number of potentially unavoidable admissions, readmissions, and emergency department visits (Casalino, Erb, Joshi, & Shortell, 2015). In this chapter we'll not only seek a common understanding of PHM but also explore how the advent of shared accountability financial arrangements between providers and purchasers of care has created significant focus on PHM. We'll also review the core processes associated with accountable care and examine the strategic IT investments and data management capabilities required to support population health management and enable a successful transition from volume-based to value-based care. PHM: Key to Success Although the ACO model is still new and evolving, approximately 750 ACOs are in operation today, covering some 23.5 million lives under Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers. Although not all ACOs have demonstrated success in delivering better health outcomes at a lower cost, many have achieved promising results (Houston & McGinnis, 2016). As such, significant ACO growth is expected. In fact, it is predicte ...
The advantages of a connected device can be explored through the different categories of needs, by trialling a range of solutions and considering a framework of manageable steps.
PLEASE UNPLOAD EACH DISCUSSION SEPARATELYAccording to Deloitte (2019CicelyBourqueju
PLEASE UNPLOAD EACH DISCUSSION SEPARATELYAccording to Deloitte (2019) “Digital technologies are supporting health systems’ efforts to transition to new models of patient-centered care and helping them develop “smart health” approaches to increase access and affordability, improve quality, and lower costs. New technologies are helping with diagnosis and treatment; helping with speed, quality, and accuracy; and improving the patient experience.” (the U.S. and Global Health Care Industry Outlook)While we can likely agree with the statement above, we also know this transformation inevitably comes with many challenges for both healthcare providers and consumers. Resistance to change is one of the biggest challenges. With emerging technologies, customer experience and exposure to information technology are increasing. The explosion of patient portals, portable technology, self-monitoring wearable devices, etc.… has created a more aware, assertive, and educated patient. How you feel about these changes will greatly impact the success you have with it. Challenges are many, and reflection upon your feelings is vital.Assess the challenges of technological advances in Healthcare.Include the following aspects in the discussion:1) Using your text and other course resources investigate ways to make the digital transformation process as smooth as possible2) Provide an approach from a patient education perspective3) Discuss your personal point of view regarding the health care technology revolution
REPLY TO 2 OF MY CLASSMATES DISCUSSION TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE. MINIMUM OF 150 WORDS EACH CLASSMATE POST 1
Any change in process is difficult, especially when dealing with a large team or a complex system such as healthcare. When transition into a more advanced digital technology it becomes even more difficult when dealing with the variety of backgrounds and ages the team ranges. Sullivan places it in 5 easier steps to help the transition into a more digital area easier. Those steps include starting with a baseline, conducting a needs assessment, building out the technology and process roadmap, executing and delivering, and ensuring ongoing holistic services and support (Sullivan, 2019). Starting with a baseline is assessing the current system in place and conducting a needs assessment is identifying areas of improvement. Building out the technology and process roadmap is correctly identifying to proper system that best resolves those needs and creating a plan. Executing and delivering is executing the plan that was set with a full team exciting and engaged in the process change. Lastly, ensuring ongoing holistic services and support is continuing to support the staff even after the process and plan is completed to allow for proper support for new team members or other problems that may arise. The best approach I find for patient education perspective is information communication model. This mo ...
Even though EHRs have replaced paper health records aiming to make data management more convenient, managing health records is still an apprehension for patients. With the introduction of BlueButton 2.0, patients will have access to 4 years of their health record. This gives the patients more confidence in their health care and make data more comprehensive and easily accessible. By facilitating access to patient health history, it has the potential to drive down Medicare spending and improve health outcomes.
Digital technology advancements like Internet of Things (IoT)
* Wearable technologies
* Blockchain
* Robotics
* Big data
*Advanced analytics are changing consumer perceptions
76 CHAPTER 4 Assessing Health and Health Behaviors Objecti.docxpriestmanmable
76
CHAPTER 4
Assessing Health and Health Behaviors
Objectives
this chapter will enable the reader to:
1. Describe the expected outcomes of a nursing health assessment.
2. Identify the components of a nursing health assessment conducted for an individual client.
3. Examine life span, language, and culturally appropriate nursing health assessment tools for children, adults, and older adults.
4. Compare the similarities and differences among the various approaches to assessing the family, mindful of cultural influences.
5. Evaluate the criteria for conducting a screening in the community.
6. Compare the similarities and differences among the various approaches to assessing
the community.
Athorough assessment of health and health behaviors is the foundation for tailoring a health promotion-prevention plan. Assessment provides the database for making clinical judgments about the client’s health strengths, health problems, nursing diagnoses, desired health or behavioral outcomes, as well as the interventions likely to be effective. This information also forms the nature of the client–nurse partnership such as the frequency of con- tact and the need for coordination with other health professionals. The portfolio of assessment measures depends on the characteristics of the client, including developmental stage and cul- tural orientation. The nurse assesses age, language, and cultural appropriateness of the various measures selected.
Cultural competence is the ability to communicate effectively with people of different cultures. Providing culturally competent care is the cornerstone of the nursing assessment. The nurse’s aware- ness of her own attitude toward cultural differences and her cultural worldview and characteristics
Chapter4 • AssessingHealthandHealthBehaviors 77
are critical to her understanding and knowledge of various cultures. Recognizing that diversity exists in all cultures based on educational level, socioeconomic status, religion, rural/urban residence, and individual and family characteristics will ensure a more successful encounter (The Office of Minority Health, 2013). An online cultural educational program, designed specifically for nurses and featur- ing videotaped case studies and interactive tools, is available.
The Enhanced National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, based on a definition of culture expanded to include geography, spirituality, language, race and ethnicity, and biology, provides a practical guide to culturally and linguistically sensitive care (The Office of Minority Health, 2013).
Technology is having a significant impact on health care. The Electronic Health Record (EHR) promotes involvement of the client in developing a dynamic, tailored database. The EHR offers great promise to improve health and increase the client’s satisfaction with his care. Data aggregation, cross-continuum coordination, and clinical care plan management are critical com- ponents of the.
Placing Customer Centricity at the Heart of Healthcare1to1 Media
A look at how healthcare providers, pharmaceuticals, and health insurers are adapting to the changing customer landscape and evolving their patient experiences. www.1to1media.com
Healthcare Effectiveness - Technological stepping stones to confront healthca...NEORIS
Healthcare Effectiveness, Technological stepping stones to confront healthcare challenges
Neoris Practical InSights
Robert Schotte
Neoris Commercial Director
Continuity in primary care and the use of technology, such as integrated EMR platforms, provide the required information to analyze patters of symptoms in order to trigger preventive measures, thus reducing the probabilities of future chronic or acute diseases.
2016 IBM Interconnect - medical devices transformationElizabeth Koumpan
Emerging technologies such as Internet of Things, 3D Printing are driving the creation of new business models and forcing the Industry for transformation. The product centric model where the Industry main objective was to develop the device, is moving to software and services model, with the focus on Big Data & Analytics, Integration and Cloud.
The maturation of technologies such as social, mobile, analytics, cloud, 3D printing, bio- and nanotechnology are rapidly shifting the competitive landscape. These emerging technologies create an environment that is connected and open, simple and intelligent, fast and scalable. Organizations must embrace disruptive technologies to drive innovation
2016 IBM Interconnect - medical devices transformation
balasegaran-2015-cae-652012
1. Communications on Applied Electronics (CAE) – ISSN : 2394-4714
Foundation of Computer Science FCS, New York, USA
Volume 3– No.8, December 2015 – www.caeaccess.org
37
Overcoming Decision Uncertainty and Compromise
Effect in Issues Pertaining to Health through TICOS -
Treatment Information and Cost Optimization System
Sathya Priya Balasegaran
Master’s in Business Administration,
VIT Business School, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Aarthy Sampath
Master’s in Business Administration
VIT Business School, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
The Compromise Effect states that a consumer is more likely
to choose the middle option of a choice set rather than the
extremes, when they are rational and are provided with
complete information about a product or service. The effect
varies in an incomplete information scenario, especially in a
sensitive decision making need such as a health care
emergency. Affordability and awareness play a major role.
The insecurity that follows eithers leads to incurring huge
expenses or to a compromise over service quality. Further,
huge variations in the level of service in terms of quality and
price exist among health care providers. The ambiguity in
consultation process, which evokes a sense of diffidence
among patients, is a concern to be addressed. Health
informatics is an emerging field that mines the best usage of
Information Technology and delivers tremendous quality
service to customers. In line with this is the proposed system,
the Treatment Information and Cost Optimization System
(TICOS), which enables non-biased service in terms of
consultation, clarity and pricing, thereby bringing in
transparency in the process. Integration of the system across
all hospitals in a region can be done by embedding the system
with regulatory bodies like WHO and IMA.
General Terms
Information systems, Healthcare, Health informatics,
Customer awareness, Decision Uncertainty.
Keywords
Compromise Effect, Decision Making, Cost Optimization,
Consumer Affordability.
1. INTRODUCTION
Health care and the attention given to it has been invariably a
constant part of a person’s lives. Thanks to the boon of
technology growth and the advancement of medical care, for
people with chronic diseases and life-threatening illnesses, it
is quintessential that they remain in touch with their doctors
for their life-prolonging treatments [1]. A few existing IT
solutions for health care, that have been running successfully
in various parts of India (and one internationally) are
explained in detail, in the following paragraphs.
HISP India [2], a global network currently operational in the
national level, provides open source software to implement an
integrated Health Information system as a strategic resource.
It also utilizes tools for public health surveys and analysis,
which in turn, can be used in administrative and health
management programs.
Cognizant’s Health Care Solution strives to reengineer its
business strategy, through its “Health Intelligence” [3], to
enable health organizations achieve quality improvements in
real-time at the point of care. Big Data is seemingly going to
be effective in changing the future of the Healthcare
ecosystem.
In the customer’s (here, patient’s) perspective, fixed with a
clear goal in mind, health care decisions are taken not only
with a logical mind, but will also have spiritual and emotional
sides that can come in the way. Needless to say, that is why
they are called “difficult decisions”. But without doubt, the
financial aspect of the same can also be considered, i.e., a
customer, if he is focused on his betterment, is ready to pay to
the maximum of his affordability, to avail the best treatment
possible. Now, the health institution may at times, try to
manipulate the patient to its advantage, by charging exorbitant
rates. This places patients at helpless situations, and a reliable,
trustworthy regulatory system will be of great use.
Birlamedisoft Healthcare Softwares [4] runs one of the best
Hospital Information Management Systems (HIMS) that
develops real time web based solutions for Hospitals, medical
departments like Pathology, Imaging centers and so on.
Innovation and Smart Execution, together with ingenuity and
smart execution, seems to be the imbibed tagline and the
competitive edge to the company.
Mayo Clinic, a US based hospital chain, that was awarded the
best hospital in the year 2014-2015, has launched a $3 billion
campaign to set new world standard in health care. It is also
known for its exceptional service quality to the customers,
with special focus on immediate care seeking patients.
Though they don’t have a stringent medical software solution
to cater to their customers, President Obama has often quoted
Mayo Clinic for its marketing excellence, independent
thinking, outstanding service and performance and core focus
on patient care and satisfaction.
To conclude, all these health care institutions and solutions
have a well-established fame for their competency, however,
the consumer behavior based on the price offering aspect
seems to subtly demand more focus. In this paper, a proper
information system solution is proposed, that tries to eliminate
the compromise effect, and provide optimized and cost
effective treatment to the needy people.
1.1 Decision Uncertainty
In general, decision making is nothing but reducing the
uncertainty [5] in the number of solution options, by gaining
sufficient knowledge of the options to allow a suitable
selection from them. At times, an increasing sense of
uncertainty, due to events occurring locally or globally can
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grab a lot of media attention. It may also reflect a changing
environment, and accommodating these changes provides the
opportunity to increase decision making effectiveness.
During high decision uncertainty, it is better to take smaller,
familiar and secure steps. Knowledge makes the new seem
more familiar, reducing separation and anxiety. One must also
avoid unneeded risk. For example, when there is economic
uncertainty, postpone investing in a new car. Combining risks
from multiple decisions (e.g., choosing to get married and
change jobs at the same time) can create confusion, increase
stress, and make it difficult to learn from unsuccessful
outcomes. Also, knowing the worst situation (worst case
scenario) is survivable, can ease this uncontrollable fear. The
ability to deal with uncertain information in a straightforward
and natural way helps improve the quality of planning [6];
enable rationality in responses to unexpected events; provide
more situation awareness; and allow a better understanding of
available options. These enhancements to the decision making
process will help people and machines to make better
decisions in less time and with lower costs. Estimating the
negative and positive consequences of the risk or uncertainty
can encourage taking risks for good opportunities only.
The underlying premise of effective decision making is that
the decision maker knows their needs and desires, and also
invests in keeping options open. As knowledge is obtained,
number of options is reduced and certainty is increased.
Besides, effective management, monitoring and adaptation of
decisions are also useful.
It is also best to avoid emotional risk taking, and to take risks
for the right reasons based on clear, calm, and rational
thought. This is the primary type of risk taking that is
involved in critical health care treatments.
1.2 “Compromise Effect” of Consumers in
Health Care
Compromise effect and decision uncertainty go hand in hand
and are typically a cause and effect relationship. Compromise
effect (introduced by Simonson in 1989) states that a
consumer when presented with a set of three alternatives
choice set is more inclined to choose the middle option out of
the three when they are rational and are provided with
complete information about the product or the service. i.e.,
when I am choosing between a small radio A and a midsized
radio B, I would choose A; but if a large radio C is added, I
would “psychologically be inclined” to choose B instead of A.
Hence it is evident that affordability and customer awareness
play a major role.
Consumers must have easily available, accurate, and timely
information to make informed choices and navigate within a
complex health care system. The available choices of
alternatives, the pros and cons and its importance must be
clearly stated. Contrary to the consumer-driven approach,
however, the evidence demonstrates that having an abundance
of information does not always translate into its being used to
inform choices. The challenge is not merely to communicate
accurate information to consumers, but to understand how to
present and target that information so that it is actually used in
decision-making.
The types of decisions that consumers and patients are making
are also delineated, together with, the barriers to using
information effectively in choice, especially in a crucial
decision making need like that of healthcare. The fact of
compromise effect can do good for perishable goods but not
life, hence a standardized benchmark in terms of process and
cost decision [7] that reveals accurate and relevant
information to the patients to make rational decision is the
need of the hour, which might lead to effectiveness in the way
health care services are perceived by the patients and the
public as a whole. Mobile application development is the
window where one embeds coding procedures, add-ins and
plug-ins, interactive controls and texts into task specific
applications, to run on personal and enterprise digital
assistants, tablets and mobile phones. Mobile application
development is similar to web application development, the
only difference being the former has to be ensured of its
compatibility with the target device. For instance, one could
develop gaming apps for an iPhone, for a unique gaming
experience with its accelerometer.
1.3 Research Objective
To propose an information system: TICOS-Treatment
Information and Cost Optimization System that can be
implemented in the current scenario at both private and
government hospitals by embedding it to the existing
information systems. The prime motive of the system as a
whole is to provide patients with complete information about
services and costs incurred and thereby enabling them with a
sense of trust and satisfaction before they agree and are
exposed to the actual treatment process. The health care
service across regions must be standardized, transparent and
unambiguous for which TICOS would be serving as an
enabler by itself.
2. STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER
The paper is organized as follows:
Section 3 discusses the Related Literature review Work done.
Section 4 presents the existing system, followed by Section 5,
the TICOS system and its architecture. Section 6 introduces
the implementation of Proposed System, followed by
integration of TICOS in hospitals in Section 7. The
advantages, disadvantages of the system and its prerequisites
for successful real time implementation have also been
mentioned in the same section followed by future
enhancements in Section 8 and conclusion of the paper in
Section 9.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
The working environment in health care organizations is
characterized by its demand for highly dynamic process and
labour management in which (a) medical personnel are
generally associated with several disparate types of tasks, (b)
service location and service personnel change frequently, (c)
highly uncertain environment where emergency issues could
arise at any time, and (d) the stakes are high since invaluable
human lives are involved. There is an urgent need from both
researchers and health care organizations to develop
reasonable management strategies for maintaining a good
balance between efficient management and superior medical
service quality [8]. Uncertainty is a pervasive and important
problem that has attracted increasing attention in health care,
given the growing emphasis on evidence-based medicine,
shared decision making, and patient-centred care. However,
the present understanding of this problem is limited, in part
because of the absence of a unified, coherent concept of
uncertainty. There are multiple meanings and varieties of
uncertainty in health care that are not often distinguished or
acknowledged although each may have unique effects or
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warrant different courses of action [9]. The budget for health
care is fixed and decisions are based on incremental cost
effectiveness ratios (ICERs), discounting costs and health
gains at the same rate is correct only if the threshold remains
constant [10]. Expecting growth in the consumption value of
health does not itself justify differential rates but implies a
lower rate for both. However, whether one believes that the
objective should be the maximisation of the present value of
health or the present consumption value of health, adopting
the social time preference rate for consumption as the
discount rate for costs and health gains is valid only under
strong and implausible assumptions about values and facts
[11].
4. EXISTING SYSTEM
The current system consists of the following:
As healthcare information systems become crucial for clinical
care and hospital operations, Information Officers are under
significant pressure to prioritize their resources appropriately,
to implement this. The evolution of health care systems has
been as follows:
Table 1. Evolution of Hospital Information Systems
Decade
Health care
Drivers
IT Drivers
Resulting
HIT
1960s Medicaire/
Medicaid
Expensive
mainframe
and storage
Shared
hospital
accounting
system
1970s
Hospital
wide
communicati
on systems
Smaller
computers
with
improved
terminals
and
connectivity
Expanded
financial and
administration
systems
1980s
Networking
Personal
Computers
Cheaper
storage and
standalone
software
apps
Integrated and
managed care
financial
clinical
systems.
1990s
Competition
and
managed
care offering
Cheaper
hardware
and
software
Expanded
clinical
departmental
solutions
2000s
More
integration
of outcomes-
based
returns
Mobility
emerging
cloud
computers
Emerging
broad-based
decision
support, data
warehousing
and analytics
solutions
Further beyond: The proposed system would be the TICOS:
Treatment Information and Cost Optimisation System, which
is designed to be a regulatory body integrated with a cloud
based application.
A selected hospital in Greater Noida city of Uttar Pradesh,
India, holds some competitive advantage over other traditional
hospitals in terms of services offered [12].
Table 2. Performance of the Hospital in respect of
treatment
Sl.
No.
Types of
treatment
Total
Score
Mean
Score
Rank
1. Cardiology 11216 62.60 II
2. Gastroenterology 9368 46.84 VI
3. Neurology 10734 53.67 IV
4. Gynaecology 11099 55.50 III
5. Ortho 9841 49.21 V
6. Urology 8078 40.39 IX
7. ENT 9014 45.07 VII
8. Physiotherapist 8552 42.76 VIII
9. Pediatrics 12520 56.08 I
The above table shows that Pediatrics is the main competitive
advantage gained by the hospital in question, when compared
to traditional hospitals.
4.1 Cost Comparisons of Basic and Other
Medical Services offered by Indian
Hospitals
Institutional care is an emerging component of health care
costs in low- and middle-income countries like India [13], but
there exists an inadequate knowledge of the costs of different
medical services. In India, greater utilisation of hospital
services is driven both by rising incomes and by government
insurance programmes that cover the cost of inpatient
services. The below two tables is the secondary data collected
for the treatment wise costs (for both basic as well as other
medical services), which are followed by a graphical
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comparison of both types of services. (USD 1 = INR 52)
Table 3. Total cost of basic medical services, April 2010–
March 2011.
Cost centre Total cost (INR)
A) Charitable hospital
OPD 3,427,796
IPD 17,166,648
Emergency 14,212,450
Major OT 8,750,188
Total operating cost 43,543,262
B) District hospital
OPD 27,488,691
IPD 32,559,127
Emergency 12,657,103
Major OT 9,436,319
Total operating cost 120,388,582
C) Tertiary care hospital
OPD 89,522,217
IPD 126,424,853
Emergency 67,164,970
Major OT 26,918,158
Total operating cost 527,923,769
D) Private hospital
OPD 113,231,544
IPD 188,115,015
Emergency 27,910,526
Major OT 60,232,583
Total operating cost 715,449,780
E) Private teaching hospital
OPD 53,032,830
IPD 58,660,813
Emergency 10,742,927
Major OT 47,598,213
Total operating cost 239,552,971
Figure 1: Graphical Plot for Basic Medical Services
Apart from this, it has also been found that human resources
are the largest component of a hospital’s total operating costs,
especially for the government’s district and tertiary care
hospitals. In most tertiary care institutions, salaries and wages
account for as much as 70 percent of the total health budget.
Human resources cost is less at the charitable and the private
hospital because the salary structure at these hospitals is lower
than the prevailing market rate. It may be proposed that
ground-level nontechnical support staff can also contribute
effectively to the working of the hospital management system.
In fact, hospital administrators being aware of the problem
can appoint a medical advisor to monitor and strategize the
working of the entire system.
Table 4. Total cost of other medical services, April 2010–
March 2011.
Cost centre Total cost (INR)
A) Charitable hospital
Laboratory 3,217,667
Radiology 1,637,837
Pharmacy 947,510
NICU 5,087,475
B) District hospital
Emergency OT 1,021,764
Eye OT 2,930,282
IPP OT 1,304,618
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
80000000
Charitablehospital
Districthospital
Tertiarycarehospital
Privatehospital
Privateteachinghospital
Total cost (INR)
Total cost
(INR)
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Laboratory 8,825,395
Pharmacy 3,670,730
Physiotherapy 904,952
ICU 3,451,709
NICU 8,788,146
Dialysis unit 3,958,777
Labour ward 3,390,972
C) Tertiary care hospital
OPD: medicine, cardiology 33,096,830
OPD: surgery 19,499,977
OPD: eye 15,782,112
OPD: orthopaedics 18,354,932
IPD: medicine 39,731,843
IPD: surgery 39,404,129
IPD: eye 8,366,546
IPD: orthopaedics 22,980,449
Orthopaedics OT 20,403,797
Emergency OT 15,648,684
All laboratory 48,509,048
Microbiology laboratory 12,092,740
Biochemistry laboratory 13,640,794
Pathology laboratory 22,775,514
Radiology 47,410,516
Physiotherapy 7,683,767
D) Private hospital
CTOT 52,506,934
Laboratory 36,868,238
Radiology 31,054,870
Pharmacy 65,879,948
SICU 19,091,664
CTICU 29,200,747
RICU 25,052,733
MICU 27,541,425
ICCU 24,794,259
Dialysis unit 13,969,294
E) Private teaching hospital
Gyn OT 12870851
Laboratory 9,835,855
Radiology 20,872,248
Pharmacy 3,004,746
Labour room 4,579,199
MICU 7,800,575
NICU 4,393,140
SICU 6,161,573
Figure 2: Graphical Plot for Other Medical Services
Table 5. Expansion of Abbreviations Used:
S.no. Abbreviation Expansion
1. IPD Inpatient department.
2. OPD Outpatient department.
3. OT Operating theatre.
4. CTICU Cardiothoracic intensive care
unit.
5. CTOT Cardiothoracic operating
theatre.
6. Gyn OT Gynaecology operating theatre.
7. ICCU Intensive cardiac care unit.
8. ICU Intensive care unit.
9. IPD Inpatient department.
10. IPP Indian population project.
11. MICU Medicine intensive care unit.
12. NICU Neonatal intensive care unit.
13. OPD Outpatient department.
0
50000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
35000000
40000000
45000000
Charitablehospital
Districthospital
Tertiarycarehospital
Privatehospital
Privateteachinghospital
Total cost (INR)
Total cost
(INR)
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14. OT Operating theatre.
15. RICU Respiratory intensive care unit.
16. SICU Surgical intensive care unit.
Thus, from the two graphs of total Cost vs. Hospitals, the
slope of the graphs will give us the floor and cap values,
followed by the determination of the optimum or average cost.
This cost then influences on the average price of the treatment
given to patients. Thus, the following section discusses on the
information system designed to implement the solution, based
on uncertainty theory and compromise effect, resulting in an
effective decision making process, for the benefit of the
patients.
5. PROPOSED SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
5.1 Information Systems in Hospitals in the
Current Scenario
At present, a full-fledged Hospital Management System
(HMS) that is web-based, is being implemented in a majority
of the hospital chains in India. Medinous HMS [14] is one
such solution that provides the benefits of streamlined
operations, enhanced administration & control, superior
patient care, strict cost control and improved profitability.
Thriving on technology and technical expertise, these
products enable customers to improve operational efficiency
and gain competitive edge by offering powerful and
comprehensive features and ensuring unparalleled simplicity
and easy adaptability, keeping the customer in mind.
Quintegra [15], a HMIS based in South India, is yet another
revolutionary solution, that has developed several core and
supportive modules dedicated to the various departments of
the hospital i.e., Bloodbank, Physiotherapy, Dialysis,
Pharmacy, Theatre Management, Housekeeping etc. It is
powered by SAP Netweaver (a platform that integrates
business processes with web service technologies) and
follows a multi-level, patient-centered and distributed
information system for a superior excellence in delivery.
5.2 TICOS as a Solution
The TICOS System can be integrated with the existing
information systems in the hospitals as a separate module. It
would remain connected with the existing hospital server and
would retrieve critical information (unknown) from the
IMA/WHO server (the regulatory body whichever is
applicable). The system would be integrated via cloud
platform. Entities of the HIS-TICOS are as depicted in the
implementation diagram (Figure 3).
This information system must utilize a high end software
package that can be integrated with the host server of the
hospital, and must have a distributed network configuration,
well connected through the Local Area Network (LAN). The
hospital server must have a high end access to the IMA or the
WHO server, through a virtual cloud platform. The system
must host the TICOS application and execute it, whenever the
doctors are to retrieve treatment information and the customer
has an enquiry or a request for an optimal price and to arrive
at clarity over the treatment options.
On consultation with the doctor, the patient’s family,
depending upon the immediate concerns and financial
affordability, must be given the right and the privilege to
approach a Medical Consultant, who should be to handle and
monitor the TICOS system. The Medical Consultant may be
appointed as a full time staff of the Hospital in question. On
paying heed to the patient’s grievance and situation, this
consultant must facilitate the patients with the information on
the complete treatment service to be offered, clarify queries
based on patient enquires and extract the maximum and the
minimum price quotes for the particular medical treatment,
through the TICOS software, work out the full information
retrieval and optimal price, for the service to the customer. In
this way, the ambiguity in knowing the process of treatment
and its relative costs is eradicated, the patients may be in a
relaxed state of mind that will help them to traverse through
the path to a speedier healing.
The doctor may also have access to the patient’s activity and
interaction [16] history with the TICOS system, through a
dedicated server network, and the medical consultant must
ensure that the corresponding doctor receives this detail from
time to time, maintaining utmost confidentiality.
6. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TICOS
SYSTEM
The proposed system may be designed and implemented as
shown in the following diagram:
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Figure 3: Architecture Diagram
IMA/
WHO
Server
Cloud
Network
Patient
Database
Hospital Operations
and Servers
Price quotes for critical
medical treatments
Satisfied
PatientsPatient Enquiry
Consultant User Interface
Optimal price from floor and cap
price offers
Qualified
Medical
Consultant
Intelligent System - Decision
Making Sub Function
Patient history
TICOS Module
Hospital Server
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6.1 Architecture Description
The architecture (Figure 3) includes four types of
components:
6.1.1 IMA or WHO Server
The module embedded is connected with the WHO/IMA
server repository in order to bring up-to-date information into
the system and ensure authenticity of information via a related
regulatory body
6.1.2 Hospital specific HMS
The HMS is the information system in the hospital that has
been existing already, and it is being included with the
module.
6.1.3 TICOS Module
The prime module that enables decision making consists of
access to patient history DB, price slabs, and has a decision
sub function that provides the most optimum choice of
treatment in case by case basis. The Module contains AI
algorithms to enable this.
6.1.4 Cloud network
The connectivity of devices is enabled via the cloud network.
This is the most efficient choice as it is long term and cost
effective in terms of current usage needs as well as in case of
extending the application with respect to future scope.
7. INTEGRATING TICOS INTO THE
CURRENT HOSPITAL SYSTEM
The TICOS system doesn’t require much hosting and
implementation costs as it holds only a primary and key
entity, the decision making sub function, which controls and
executes the entire process.
All that the TICOS system would require would be a trusted
medical superintendent who would take responsibility to
coordinate with the doctor or physician to obtain the patient
history and feed them into the database for easy retrieval.
During the patient interaction and decision making stage, a
consultant can be assigned who will take charge of counseling
the patient and the family members, follow a fair practice of
specifying an optimal cost, and ensure utmost confidentiality
in carrying out this process (as optimal cost varies with
different people, based on their ability to pay and other
external uncontrollable factors like a lack of time, non –
availability of organ donors, severe blood loss for the patient,
other critical complications like internal hemorrhage, coma,
cancer or tumor etc.)
Besides, one would also need to ponder over the legal aspect
of this TICOS system: it requires a stringent surveillance
board that coordinates with health officials in the hospitals as
well as health organizations (IMA), perform regular
inspections, identify violators of the process and prosecute
them as per the law.
7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
The system as a whole enables accurate decision making and
price negotiation for a treatment to be done. Complete
information scenario and transparency of process is the main
advantage of the system. Competitive advantages between
hospitals might a factor that gets negatively influenced, in
terms of competitive advantage and costs, but the idea is to
bring about a fair practice in terms of operating process and
pricing across all the private hospitals.
7.2 Pre-Requisite
1. A government imposed consensus on private
hospitals to embed the system with their existing
HMS.
2. Authenticity and safety of data ensured through
proper security and firewall mechanism as the
system is to work in tandem with regulatory bodies
like WHO and IMA (in case of India)
3. A diploma course with exclusive training over the
application must be extended and certification for
the same must be government recognized. Doctors
must refrain from qualifying themselves as
consultants, in order to maintain fairness.
4. All operations the consultant and the application as
such must be continuously monitored and should be
under governmental supervision and control.
5. The architecture and configurations must be
compatible to the entire existing HMIS market
leader’s application.
8. FUTURE SCOPE
The system that is now currently focusing on eliminating
decision uncertainty in terms of awareness and price slabs,
can also be extended to include common symptoms, diagnosis
and preliminary preventive measures database (not the actual
treatment) that can be accessed by the common people to be
aware of the know-how and current health issues and for the
doctors to update the information via consultants or by
themselves.
Separate modules one for private and other for government
hospitals can be initiated so that there is no interference
between their operations, yet there exists uniformity.
An add-on feature would be also to encourage virtual live
“chat-rooms” with the medical consultant, with the facility to
track appointments through mobile alerts and apps, if TICOS
may be extended to mobile technology as well.
9. CONCLUSION
In a nutshell, decision uncertainty is to be eliminated in the
health care sector especially the private hospitals. All the
existing HMS focus only on, a robust centrally controlled
system, enhancing the current IT infrastructure in medical
institutions, deliver patient experience and care exceeding
expectations. A rigorous information system to help
customers find the complete information and affordable price
for a medical treatment is yet to be explored. Such a system
requires a transparent and genuine implementation by leading
Health Organizations like WHO and IMA, who can
administer and monitor this solution in various leading
hospital chains across India. Further, an absolute cost and
effort controlling factor about TICOS is the significant
reduction in the waiting hours and duration of consultation on
a patient’s initial visit, thereby reducing the overhead for
doctors as well. Overall, this system will be a facilitator of a
transparent, consistent, informative process (inclusive of the
psychological aspects of the patients, which is the prime
concern for customer satisfaction in a service sector) thus
enabling the efficiency in terms of time and efforts in a
holistic manner.
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10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our thanks go to our guide, Dr. A. Vasumathi, whose advices
and suggestions during the course of the development and
research activities helped in the preparation of this paper.
11. REFERENCES
[1] Angela Morrow (2012) “Making Difficult Decisions:
Identifying Goals of Care, by Dying, Funerals & Grief
Expert”[Online]Availablehttp://dying.about.com/od/ethic
sandchoices/a/decisions.htm
[2] HISPIndia,CompanyWebsite: https://www.hispindia.org/
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