Bulgarians celebrate Baba Marta (Grandma Marta) on March 1st to welcome the spring. As part of the tradition, they exchange Martenitsi, which are braided red and white threads symbolizing health and fertility. According to folklore, Baba Marta is an old woman whose mood reflects the changeable March weather. Wearing the Martenitsa's colors of red and white was believed to appease Baba Marta and make winter pass more quickly.

1. Baba Marta
Grandma Marta
Traditional Bulgarian Holiday

2. On the 1st of March Bulgarian people celebrate a traditional holiday called
Baba Marta (or Grandma Marta in English) and it is related to welcoming the
approaching spring.
On that day, we exchange, so called "Martenitsi" and tell each other,
"Chestita Baba Marta!" (Happy Grandma Marta!). This custom is essentially
to wish great health, good luck, and happiness to family and friends.

3. Who’s Baba Marta?
In Bulgarian folklore Baba Marta is a grumpy old woman who changes
her mood very rapidly and it reflects in the changeable March weather.
When she is smiling the weather is sunny and warm, but if she gets
angry the cold will stay for longer and it may even snow. By wearing
the red and white colors of the Martenitsa our predecessors asked
Baba Marta for mercy. They hoped that it will make winter pass faster
and bring spring.

4. The Martenitsa is made of twined red and white threads - woolen, silk,
or cotton. The white is a symbol of strength, purity and happiness. The
red is associated with health, blood and fertility.

5. The most typical Martenitsa represents two small wool dolls - Pizho and
Penda. Pizho is the male doll, usually dominating in white color. Penda
is the female doll, usually dominating in red color .
Out of twined red and white threads are also made bracelets,
necklaces, tassels, pompons, balls, squares, human or animal figures.

6. When someone gives you a
Martenitsa you should wear it
either pinned on your clothes, on
the hand tied around the wrist, or
around your neck until you see a
stork, or a fruit tree in blossom for
the first time in the season.
After that you can tie it on a blossoming
tree for fertility. It is believed that the
Martenitsa bring health, happiness and
longevity.

7. Like kind of amulet, Martenitsa was attributed a magic power
believed to protect folks from "ill fortune", diseases and an evil
eye.

8. Happy Grandma Marta!