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1. PLASMODIUM SP
P. vivax gametocyte P. vivax ring form
P. falciparum ring form
P. malariae band form
P. vivax growing trophozoite

2. P. malariae mature schizont P. falciparum gametocyte P. vivax immature schizont P. malariae gametocyte P. falciparum mature schizont
P. vivax mature schizont
P. falciparum gametocyte
P. falciparum ring form (accole
form)

3. INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Multinucleated giant cell
Tzanck smear
Herpes simplex virus
Aspergilloma
Aspergillus sp
Mycobacterium laprae
Bismuth sulfite agar
To isolate Salmonella sp
Bismuth Green Agar
To isolate Salmonella sp

4. Cryptococcus neoformans
Salmonella typhi test for sugars
– Ferments Dulcitol, Glucose, and Mannitol

5. Salmonella biochemical tests
Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Test:
Principle: Tests for the fermentation of glucose, lactose, sucrose, and production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Salmonella Result:
Alkaline (red) slant and acidic (yellow) butt, indicating only glucose fermentation.
H2S production: Black precipitate in the butt.
Urease Test
Principle: Detects the presence of the enzyme urease, which breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Salmonella Result: Negative (Salmonella does not produce urease).
Interpretation: A positive urease test (pink color) suggests bacteria like Proteus species. A negative test (no color change or yellowish) supports Salmonella.

6. Indole Test (Tryptophan Degradation)
Principle: Detects the ability of the bacterium to break down tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid, and ammonia using the enzyme tryptophanase.
Salmonella Result: Negative (Salmonella cannot degrade tryptophan into indole).
Interpretation: A positive indole test (red ring at the top of the medium after adding Kovac’s reagent) would indicate other bacteria like E. coli. Salmonella gives a negative
result (no red color).
Methyl Red (MR) Test:
Principle: Tests for mixed acid fermentation.
Salmonella Result: Positive (red color after adding methyl red reagent, indicating acid production).
Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test:
Principle: Tests for the production of acetoin (a neutral product).
Salmonella Result: Negative (no color change, no acetoin production).
Citrate Utilization Test:
Principle: Determines if the organism can use citrate as its sole carbon source.
Salmonella Result: Positive (blue color indicates citrate utilization).
Lysine Decarboxylase Test:
Principle: Detects the ability to decarboxylate lysine.
Salmonella Result: Positive (purple color indicates lysine decarboxylation).
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Production:
Principle: Detects the production of H2S gas.
Salmonella Result: Positive (black precipitate in the media)

7. Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar
Purpose: Selective and
differential medium for
Salmonella and Shigella.
Salmonella Result:
Blue-green colonies with or
without a black center
(indicating hydrogen sulfide
production).
Salmonella ferments neither
lactose, sucrose, nor salicin, so
the colonies remain blue-green,
while black precipitates may
form due to H2S production.
Zinc Sulfate Agar (ZSA)
Purpose:
Selective medium for isolating
Salmonella species.
Contains zinc sulfate, which
inhibits the growth of many
gram-positive bacteria and some
gram-negative competitors, thus
promoting the growth of
Salmonella.
Salmonella Result:
Black colonies due to hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) production, which
reacts with zinc sulfate, forming
black precipitates.
Non-Salmonella colonies will
either not grow or appear as
differently colored, usually
non-black colonies.
Use: ZSA is mainly employed in
settings where high selectivity is
needed, particularly in isolating
Salmonella from complex
sample matrices like food, water,
or sewage.

8. BLOOD FLUKES
Schistosoma mansoni adult
male
Schistosoma mansoni egg in
intestine Schistosoma japonicum
miracidium
Schistosoma mansoni egg in
intestine
Schistosoma japonicum ova in
liver

9. Schistosoma japonicum in
copula
Schistosoma in liver?? Schistosoma japonicum female Schistosoma japonicum male
Schistosoma japonicum egg in
intestine
Schistosoma mansoni
embryonated egg
Prominent lateral spine
Schistosoma haematobium
embryonated egg
Prominent terminal spine
Schistosoma japonicum adult
male
Schistosoma japonicum
miracidium
Schistosoma mansoni adult
male

10. Schistosoma japonicum adult
female Schistosoma japonicum
cercariae
Ochomelania quadrasi
Intermidiate host of schistosoma
japonicum
Biomphalaria sp.
Intermediate host of
schistosoma mansoni
Bulinus sp.
Intermediate host of
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mansoni female
Schistosoma haematobium adult
male
Wuchereria bancrofti