The ITC has a specific jurisdiction that enables it to prevent the importation of goods into the US by mechanisms of temporary relief, exclusion orders, cease & desist orders, and consent orders. Steps can be taken to prevent such orders from being imposed. Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
Avoiding Problems Asian Enterprises Confront in US Patent Litigation - by Mic...SHIMOKAJI IP
US patent infringement litigation for Asian companies can involve multiple, concurrent proceedings, unfavorable venues, the need for early infringement and invalidity contentions, producing documents in native language, and facing racial bias from a judge or jury.
Navacerrada comienza la XVI Edición del verano cultural, con propuestas para toda la familia y todos los gustos.
Comenzamos con las fiestas de San Antonio de Padua y seguimos con nuestra feria del libro, conciertos, espectáculos infantiles, conferencias, talleres, actividades deportivas, galas, cine, teatro, ballet y mucho + que te evitará pensar en hacer planes, porque ya te los ofrecemos hechos en el folleto.
Avoiding Problems Asian Enterprises Confront in US Patent Litigation - by Mic...SHIMOKAJI IP
US patent infringement litigation for Asian companies can involve multiple, concurrent proceedings, unfavorable venues, the need for early infringement and invalidity contentions, producing documents in native language, and facing racial bias from a judge or jury.
Navacerrada comienza la XVI Edición del verano cultural, con propuestas para toda la familia y todos los gustos.
Comenzamos con las fiestas de San Antonio de Padua y seguimos con nuestra feria del libro, conciertos, espectáculos infantiles, conferencias, talleres, actividades deportivas, galas, cine, teatro, ballet y mucho + que te evitará pensar en hacer planes, porque ya te los ofrecemos hechos en el folleto.
En este tema se define qué es la Carta de la tierra y cuales son las propuestas que se desarrollarán para ayudar a una mejor convivencia con el planeta
Reuniones de padres NIDCAP Hospital 12 Octubrelauracabrejas
Presentación para explicar al personal del Sº de Neonatología en qué consisten las reuniones para padres de niños ingresados que llevamos abajo y cuales son las enseñanzas, los puntos fuertes y las debilidades a corregir.
Abril 2010
False Patent Marking: The New Patent Troll Model - by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
What is false patent marking; what are the damages for false patent marking? How to avoid liability and damages for false patent marking. Contact info@shimokaji.com
Selling Or Acquiring Patent Portfolios - by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
What are the benefits of selling your patent portfolio; how do you sell your patents; what are the benefits of acquiring another's patent portfolio; how do you buy someone else's patents; what are patent brokerage services. Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
Trademark Applicant's Fraud on the USPTO - by Michael Shimokajito.bio.twSHIMOKAJI IP
How does an trademark applicant's fraud on the trademark office arise? What constitutes fraud and what are the consequences? How does a trademark applicant avoid fraud on the trademark office? Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
A presentation on how Chinese companies can go public on Toronto Stock Exchange or TSX Venture Exchange in Canada. For more information, please visit www.crif.ca
How CEOs should consider all the scenarios that patents are important for: patents as assets, sales tools, offense-defense tools. 科创企业应该发明、攻防、销售、资产等场景看专利。
En este tema se define qué es la Carta de la tierra y cuales son las propuestas que se desarrollarán para ayudar a una mejor convivencia con el planeta
Reuniones de padres NIDCAP Hospital 12 Octubrelauracabrejas
Presentación para explicar al personal del Sº de Neonatología en qué consisten las reuniones para padres de niños ingresados que llevamos abajo y cuales son las enseñanzas, los puntos fuertes y las debilidades a corregir.
Abril 2010
False Patent Marking: The New Patent Troll Model - by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
What is false patent marking; what are the damages for false patent marking? How to avoid liability and damages for false patent marking. Contact info@shimokaji.com
Selling Or Acquiring Patent Portfolios - by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
What are the benefits of selling your patent portfolio; how do you sell your patents; what are the benefits of acquiring another's patent portfolio; how do you buy someone else's patents; what are patent brokerage services. Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
Trademark Applicant's Fraud on the USPTO - by Michael Shimokajito.bio.twSHIMOKAJI IP
How does an trademark applicant's fraud on the trademark office arise? What constitutes fraud and what are the consequences? How does a trademark applicant avoid fraud on the trademark office? Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
A presentation on how Chinese companies can go public on Toronto Stock Exchange or TSX Venture Exchange in Canada. For more information, please visit www.crif.ca
How CEOs should consider all the scenarios that patents are important for: patents as assets, sales tools, offense-defense tools. 科创企业应该发明、攻防、销售、资产等场景看专利。
"Patent Fundamentals for the Start-Up" by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
Patent basics are covered - including design patents and utility patents. For utility patents, both provisional and non-provisional patent applications are described. Foreign patent protection - via the PCT - is covered.
Patent Due Diligence in the Sale-Acquisition of a Medical Device Company, by ...SHIMOKAJI IP
One of the most important assets of a medical device company is often its patent portfolio. The portfolio can include issued patents, patent applications, and patentable inventions that are not the subject of issued patents or pending patent applications. Whether the seller or buyer of a medical device company, it is imperative to know what assets are in the company’s patent portfolio and factors that affect their value.
Commercially available, off the shelf patent databases do not often exist to hold the company’s patent portfolio information – at least for many medical device companies of a small to moderate size. Instead, the patent information might be in an excel spreadsheet kept by someone internally in the company. The information might be in the form of paper files kept in a file cabinet.
So, where do you look for patent information?
FIVE STRATEGIES TO MONETIZE YOUR PATENT PORTFOLIO ON A SMALL CLIENT BUDGET - ...SHIMOKAJI IP
How to monetize your patent portfolio on a limited budget:
1. portfolio assessment
2. licensing or sale - patent broker
3. licensing or sale - do it yourself
4. litigation - non-practicing entity
5. litigation - do it yourself
HOW DEFINITE MUST YOUR ISSUED PATENT CLAIM LANGUAGE BE - ARE YOUR CLAIM TERMS...SHIMOKAJI IP
Patent applicants want broad claim terms, whereas patent examiners want narrower claim terms.
The US Supreme Court, in Nautilus v. Biosig (June 2014), has now explained the standard of review for claim indefiniteness – in a post-issuance circumstance, i.e., after the patent issues.
According to the Supreme Court, Section 112 requires more than a district court being able to “ascribe some meaning” to the claim term. Further, Section 112 does not “tolerate imprecision just short of that rendering a claim ‘insolubly ambiguous’”.
Therefore, the definiteness requirement under Section 112 is met when the “patent’s claims, viewed in light of the specification and prosecution history, inform those skilled in the art about the scope of the invention with reasonable certainty.”
STRATEGIES TO MONETIZE YOUR PATENT PORTFOLIO ON A SMALL CLIENT BUDGET - by Mi...SHIMOKAJI IP
5 strategies to employ if you are a small company seeking to convert your patent portfolio into revenue - using patent brokers, non-practicing entities, and contingency fee law firms.
Why Strengthen Your Medical Device Patent Portfolio For Infringement Litigati...SHIMOKAJI IP
A 2013 PricewaterhouseCoopers survey indicates that for about the last dozen years the medical device industry represents 9% of all patent infringement cases. This puts the medical device industry in the top 10% of all industries for patent infringement cases, and with a ranking of 5th out of a total of 20 ranked industries. In that same period, the median damages award in the medical device industry was $53M.
We often hear that the vast majority of patent infringement cases settle. But what we usually do not hear is why they settled and on what terms did they settled.
Strengthening your patent portfolio has the obvious benefit of strengthening your ability to assert patent infringement claims. But it can also minimize the potential of being the recipient of patent infringement claims. Here’s how.
Frequently, patent infringement lawsuits follow a cease and desist letter. What follows a cease and desist letter but before the filing of suit can be lengthy discussions about the infringement and invalidity of the patent at issue. What may also be the subject of these pre-lawsuit discussions is potential counterclaims of patent infringement – infringement claims being made against the party who sent the initial cease and desist letter.
Do I Have a Patent I Can Sell? by Michael Shimokaji www.shimokaji.comSHIMOKAJI IP
Whether a large company owning thousands of patents, or an individual owning a single patent, the question inevitably arises – do I have a patent (or patent portfolio) that can be sold?
The factors to consider include:
• Issued patent
• Evidence of use
• High technology
• Potential large company buyers
Litigation Activities May Be Insufficient To Obtain An Exclusion Order: Motiv...SHIMOKAJI IP
Patent owners often initiate concurrent proceedings against infringers in US district court and the International Trade Commission (ITC). The district court provides an avenue for an award of damages. The ITC provides an avenue for an order excluding the importation of infringing goods into the US.
The Federal Circuit, in Motiva v ITC, continues to create a barrier to jurisdiction before the ITC for those patent owners, such as Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs), whose business is focused on licensing and litigation.
For more information, contact info@shimokaji.com; www.shimokaji.com
Injunctive Relief for Standard Essential Patents by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
In Realtek v. LSI, the district court for the Northern District of California addressed “whether a holder of patents essential to an industry [*2] standard ("standard-essential patents") may commence an action before the U.S. International Trade Commission ("ITC") pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ("Section 337 action") seeking an exclusion order and injunctive relief against a party practicing that standard without violating its obligation to license the standard-essential patents on reasonable and non-discriminatory ("RAND") terms.” For more information, contact info@shimokaji.com
Valuation of Standard Essential Patents by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
The sales price of a patent can be determined on the royalty that a third party license could bring. Sellers and buyers of standard essential patents have typically thought that such patents must or should necessarily carry a significant premium in sales price. In other words, the mere fact of the patent being standard essential created a significant premium on the sales price.
The recent decision in Microsoft v. Motorola from the Washington district court may have changed how parties view the value of standard essential patents. The breach of contract lawsuit arose from Microsoft’s claims that Motorola failed to license standard essential patents to Microsoft at a reasonable and non-discriminatory ("RAND") rate.
For more information, contact info@shimokaji.com
Using the TIPO-USPTO Patent Prosecution Highway to Your Advantage - by Michae...SHIMOKAJI IP
What is the TIPO-USPTO PPH program? What are the benefits and requirements of the patent prosecution highway program? What are the costs and pitfalls of the PPH program? Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
Document Retention Policies Intersect Electronic Discovery Obligations - by M...SHIMOKAJI IP
There is an entitlement to electronic discovery, while a document retention policy can provide a safe harbor. What are the duties to preserve documents, and what are the risks of destruction?
Drafting Patent Applications to Avoid Litigation Traps - by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
For the unwary, there are traps that can exist in drafting patent application. Five traps relate to inventorship, best mode disclosure, distinctly claiming, in light of the specification, and dependent claims.
INTENTIONAL, MATERIAL MISSTATEMENTS AND OMISSIONS BEFORE THE PATENT OFFICE - ...SHIMOKAJI IP
Whether something is material has been addressed in various ways over time – in both case law and PTO Rule 56. As explained by the Federal Circuit, at least three different tests of materiality have been spawned in the courts. One, is the objective "but for" standard, “where the misrepresentation was so material that the patent should not have issued.” Two, is the subjective "but for" test, “where the misrepresentation actually caused the examiner to approve the patent application when he would not otherwise have done so.” Three, is the "but it may have" standard, “where the misrepresentation may have influenced the patent examiner in the course of prosecution.” The Federal Circuit pointed out that Rule 56 was a fourth test of materiality, and that this PTO standard was "’an appropriate starting point for any discussion of materiality, for it appears to be the broadest, thus encompassing the others and because that materiality boundary most closely aligns with how one ought to conduct business with the PTO.’"
Mind Over Matter - by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
For many years, patent law has struggled with the question of whether a series of thoughts can be patented. Under the mental steps doctrine, the answer was no. More recently, the answer has been maybe, it depends. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has exclusive jurisdiction over all patent appeals, recently revisited the issue in the newly minted case of In re Bilski. Generally, the mental steps doctrine states that an invention is not entitled to patent protection if it involves only mental steps. The mental steps doctrine addresses the threshold question concerning whether the invention constitutes patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. §101 (i.e., whether the invention falls within the types of thing that can be patented). Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
Generating Revenue and Reducing Costs of Patent Litigation for Taiwan Compani...SHIMOKAJI IP
Generate revenue from your patent portfolio. What are expected damages and/or injunction in patent litigation. How to reduce the high cost of patent litigation, including flexible fee arrangements. Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
America Invents Act Impact on Asia Technology Cos by Michael ShimokajiSHIMOKAJI IP
The America Invents Act (AIA) includes provisions for prior use, best mode, post grant review, inter partes review, and supplemental examination. These new provisions will impact all technology companies, including Asian technology companies throughout China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Contact info@shimokaji.com for more information.
7. OVERVIEW 概覽
• INTERN’L TRADE COMMISSION (ITC) JURISDICTION & ORDERS
• 國際貿易委員會(ITC)管轄權及禁令
• ITC PROCESS
• 國際貿易委員會運作程序
• TEMPORARY RELIEF PREVENTING IMPORTATION
• 阻止進口的臨時救濟
• EXCLUSION ORDERS AGAINST IMPORTATION
• 進口的禁令
• CEASE & DESIST ORDERS AGAINST IMORTATION
• 停止及禁止進口的禁令
• CONSENT ORDERS AGAINST IMPORTATION
• 許可進口的命令
• DEFENDING AGAINST ITC ORDERS
• 維護國際貿易委員會的禁令
• EARLY PREVENTION OF ITC ORDERS
• 國際貿易委員會禁令的早期預防
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8. ITC JURISDICTION
國際貿易委員會的管轄權
• Covers Unfair Practices in Import Trade
• 涵蓋在進口貿易中的不平等交易
Unfair methods of competition and acts in the importation
of goods into USA - e.g., trade secret theft, false
advertising
進口貨物進入美國時的不平等競爭方式及行為
Importation into USA of goods that infringe USA patent or
copyright
進口進來美國的貨物侵犯了美國的專利或版權
Importation into USA of goods with marks that infringe
USA trademark
進口進來美國的貨物麥頭侵犯了美國的商標法
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9. ITC JURISDICTION
國際貿易委員會的管轄權
• Remedies Available
• 補救設施
Temporary relief
臨時救濟
Exclusion order
禁令的排除
Cease & desist order
停止及禁止進口的命令
Consent order
許可的命令
Money damages cannot be awarded
金錢損失不能獲得賠償
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10. ITC JURISDICTION
國際貿易委員會的管轄權
• Persons Liable 責任人員
Owner of goods 貨物主人
Importer of goods 貨物進口商
Consignee of goods 貨物收貨人
Agents of the above 以上人員代理
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11. ITC JURISDICTION
國際貿易委員會的管轄權
• Domestic Industry Must Be Impacted
• 國內產業必定受到影響
Industry in USA relates to protected goods
與受保護貨物相關的美國產業
Industry exists or being established
存在或將要設立的產業
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12. ITC JURISDICTION
國際貿易委員會的管轄權
• Domestic Industry Must Be Impacted
• 國內產業必定受到影響
Evidence of: 證據
Significant plant and equipment
大型廠房及設備
Significant labor or capital
大批勞力及資金
Substantial exploitation, including engineering, R&D,
licensing
大量開采,包括工程設計,研發及發出執照
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13. ITC JURISDICTION
國際貿易委員會的管轄權
• Domestic Industry Must Be Impacted
• 國內產業必定受到影響
Low economic threshold required
要求的經濟們門檻低
Example - patentee makes product covered by
patent
例如-專利權人使產品受到專利保護
Example – engineering directed towards product
covered by patent
例如-產品的工程設計受到專利保護
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14. ITC PROCESS
國際貿易委員會的程序
• Initiated by Complaint 訴訟的發起
Complaint must show:
訴訟必須證明
Identity of importing person
進口人身份的確定
Importation of accused good
被控產品的進口
Prior litigation, if any
原來的訴訟,如果有的話
Domestic industry
國內產業
Patent infringement claim chart
專利侵權索賠圖
Domestic good patent claim chart
國內貨物專利索賠圖
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15. ITC PROCESS
國際貿易委員會的程序
• ITC Review of Complaint
• 國際貿易委員會的申訴審查
ITC decisions to not institute investigation are
rare
國際貿易委員會做出不啟動調查的決定是罕見的
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16. ITC PROCESS
國際貿易委員會的程序
• Response to Complaint 申訴回應
Response must show:回應必須包含
Each ground of defense 每種辯護的基礎
Quantity and value of infringing good侵權產品的數
量與價值
Infringer’s capacity to produce infringing good
侵權者制造侵權產品的能力
Relative significance to infringer of the USA market
美國市場侵權者的相對意義
Patent infringement claim chart
專利侵權訴訟表
Prior art claim chart
以前的藝術索賠圖
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17. ITC PROCESS
國際貿易委員會的程序
• Discovery
• 發現
Includes depositions, written interrogatories,
production of documents:
包括證言,書面詢問及文書制作
Response often required in 10 days
回應一般要求在10天內
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18. ITC PROCESS
國際貿易委員會的程序
• Decision on Whether Violation Exists
• 侵權事實是否存在的決定
Initial Determination:
初步決定
Judge issues decision within about 12 months of
start of investigation
在調查開始的12個月內做出判斷決定
Decision is subject to review by ITC
決定由國際貿易委員會審查
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19. ITC PROCESS
國際貿易委員會的程序
• Decision on Whether Violation Exists
• 侵權事實是否存在的決定
Final Determination: 最后決定
Party may petition ITC for review of initial
determination
一方可就初步決定向國際貿易委員會申請審查
ITC may affirm, modify, or set aside portions of the
judge’s initial determination
國際貿易委員會可以確認,修改,或取消法官的初步
決定的某些部分
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20. ITC REMEDIES
國際貿易委員會的救濟
• Remedies Available 可適用的救濟
Temporary relief 臨時救濟
Exclusion order 排除令
Cease & desist order 停止和終止令
Consent order 同意令
Money damages cannot be awarded
金錢賠償無法獲得
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21. REVIEW OF ITC ORDERS
國際貿易委員會規則的審查
• May Be Reviewed by President of USA
• 可由美國總統審查
Within 60 days of order
在命令發出的60天內
Presidential disapproval of orders are rare
總統不批準命令的情況極為罕見
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22. REVIEW OF ITC ORDERS
國際貿易委員會規則的審查
• May Be Appealed to Federal Circuit
• 可向聯邦巡回法院上訴
Within 60 days of decision becoming final
在決定最終形成后的60天內
Decisions of no violation are final when issued
最終決定作出沒有侵權
Decisions finding a violation are final after
Presidential review period
經過總統審查期后的最終發現侵權的判定
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23. TEMPORARY RELIEF PREVENTING
IMPORTATION
阻止進口的臨時救濟
• Can Be Sought At or After Inception
• 在開始后可以獲得
Same considerations as preliminary injunction standards
as US Federal Circuit
與美國聯邦巡回法院相同的初步判決考慮
Request must address:必須注明
If and amount of bond posted by complainant under Rule
65, Fed. R. Civ. Proc.
投訴人根據美國民事訴訟法聯邦條款65款的規定是否標明購買保證金
Supporting affidavits and evidence
支持的證詞和證據
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24. TEMPORARY RELIEF PREVENTING
IMPORTATION
阻止進口的臨時救濟
• If Sought After Filing Complaint
• 啟動訴訟程序后可以獲得
But Before Institution of Investigation, Must Establish:
但在啟動調查前, 必須證明:
extraordinary circumstances
特殊情況
not aware of circumstances when complaint filed
啟動程序時沒有注意到
Cannot Be Sought After Institution of Investigation
啟動調查后沒有獲得
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25. EXCLUSION ORDER AGAINST
IMPORTED GOODS
進口貨物的排除令
• Limited Exclusion Order
• 有限的排除令
Order is “against” infringing goods
排除令禁止侵權貨物
Involves named parties in investigation
在調查中涉及的各方名稱
Prevents importation of infringing goods
禁止進口侵權貨物
Enforced by Customs Service
有海關部門執行
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26. EXCLUSION ORDER AGAINST IMPORTED
GOODS
進口貨物排除令
• General Exclusion Order
• 一般排除令
Order is “against” infringing goods
排除令禁止侵權貨物
Involves parties unnamed in investigation
涉及調查的未署名一方
Prevents circumvention of exclusion order limited to goods of
named parties 僅限于署名方貨物的排除令規避防范
Difficult to identify source of infringing goods
對侵權貨物的身份認定困難
Enforced by Customs Service
海關方面執行
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27. CEASE & DESIST ORDERS AGAINST IMPORTED
GOODS
進口貨物的停止及禁止令
• Directed Against Named Party in Investigation
• 直接對署名的一方實行調查
Order to stop unfair acts, including selling
infringing imported goods out of USA inventory
終止不平等行為, 包括從美國存貨中銷售侵權進
口產品的命令
Enforced by ITC
由國際貿易委員會執行
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28. CONSENT ORDERS AG
AINST IMPORTED GOODS
對進口貨物的同意許可
• Entered Upon Settlement of Investigation
• 達成調查和解
Usually done jointly between opposing parties
通常在對立方之間進行
Can be done solely by responding party
應訴方完全可以做到
May be entered when parties agree to
arbitration
各方如同意仲裁就可以達成
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29. DEFENDING AGAINST ITC ORDERS
保護國際貿易委員會的規則
• Preparation Before Complaint Filed
• 提起公訴前的準備工作
Assemble company litigation team
組建公司的訴訟團隊
Evaluate monetary value of potentially excluded goods
評估有可能被排除在外的貨物的貨幣價值
Early retention of legal counsel
法律顧問的早期保留
Investigate potential defenses – invalidity, non-
infringement
调查潜在的防御-无效,非侵权
Identify and prepare witnesses
確認證人身份以及幫助證人準備
Identify and gather documents
確認身份及收集文件
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30. DEFENDING AGAINST ITC ORDERS
保護國際貿易委員會的規則
• Focus of Defenses
• 防護的重點
Incorrect inventorship
不正確的發明
Lack of enablement
啟用的缺乏
Lack of novelty and/or non-obviousness
新颖性和/或非显而易见的缺乏
Non-infringement
沒有侵權
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31. DEFENDING AGAINST ITC ORDERS
保護國際貿易委員會的規則
• Lesser Defenses
層次稍低一些的保護
May not be high potential for success
成功的機會不會太高
Jurisdiction
司法管轄權
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32. DEFENDING AGAINST ITC ORDERS
保護國際貿易委員會的規則
• Summary Determination
• 摘要測定
If you have prepared in advance
如果您事先準備
Obtain early decision on invalidity and/or non-
infringement
獲取無效或無侵權的早期決定
Similar to trial but based on written affidavits and
depositions
與審判類似,但以書面證詞及為基礎
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33. WHERE DO YOU GO FROM HERE?
何去何從
• Possible Steps 可能采取的步驟
Investigate potential infringement before receiving
cease and desist letter
在收到停止和終止函前,調查可能的侵權行為
Obtain non-infringement legal opinion after receiving
cease and desist letter but before complaint for ITC
investigation
在收到停止及終止信函前,但在向國際貿易委員會提起訴訟前,
獲得非侵權的法律意見
Obtain invalidity legal opinion after receiving cease and
desist letter but before complaint for ITC investigation
在收到停止及終止信函前,但在向國際貿易委員會提起訴訟前,
獲得無效的法律意見
Develop own patent portfolio for potential infringement
claims against primary competitors
為防范主要競爭對手可能的侵權行為,制定自身的專利組合
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