What is false patent marking; what are the damages for false patent marking? How to avoid liability and damages for false patent marking. Contact info@shimokaji.com

1. PATENT LITIGATION UPDATE
年专利诉讼更新
FALSE PATENT MARKING: THE
NEW PATENT TROLL MODEL
[孰假专利标记：新专利诱饵商业模式]
Michael A. Shimokaji
麦克尔律师
WWW.SHIMOKAJI.COM
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2. PATENT LITIGATION UPDATE
年专利诉讼更新
麦克尔专利律师事务所专精智慧产权法律—专利，商标， 版权，
商业秘密，及不合理竞争。
本所的客戶从刚起步的公司到世界五百强的企业，及政府机构和
大学等。 本所代理的客户有波音公司， 柯罗楼斯(CLOROX)日用品公
司，霍尼韦尔（HONEYWELL）公司， IBM 公司， 联想(LENOVO)
高通(QUALCOMM）公司， TCL， 加州大学，美国海军及富国银行等
。
虽然本所位于美国加利福尼亞州，但是本所的客户遍布美国东西
海岸。 本所的业务拓展至亚洲， 包括中国，中国(香港)，台湾和新加坡.
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3. PATENT LITIGATION UPDATE
年专利诉讼更新
历史
麦克尔律师在2004年成立此律师事务所，坚持给予客户提
供高品质与时效性的服务。
尽管有许多专业型律师事务所被一般大型律师事务所所合并
，麦克尔律师事务所了解许多客户还是钟情专业型事务所：因为
这样的事务所不但能够提供大事务所一样，甚至更高质的服务，
而且价格远比大事务所要实惠很多。
.
品质控管与专案管理制度
本所独一无二的采用品质控管系统来确保本所客户在任何律
师或专利师代理下， 都会得到一致的高品质服务来满足他们的特
别需要。
与其他事务所不同的是，本所还采用了一个文书的专案管理
制度来保证本所完成案件的时效性。
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4. PATENT LITIGATION UPDATE
年专利诉讼更新
费用结构
特別是在本所的非诉讼服务，本所力求避免传统的小时计费制度。相反
地, 在一些特定领域，如专利撰写及申请，本所与客户一道共同建立一
个固定費用及/或不超过一个设定項目的收费标准， 所以本所客戶不必
费心思计算每个小时多少费用及在本所共花了多少个小时。
然而，即使是在传统上一直是以小时收费的专利诉讼领域，我们往往也
可以调整收费结构, 使之不完全以小时计费。甚至，本所的收费标准可
与本所所代表的客戶实现的诉讼结果作联结。
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5. PATENT LITIGATION UPDATE
年专利诉讼更新
承办人
麦克尔律师
过去二十年来，麦克尔律师已经在航天业，服装业，化工业，家
用产品，医疗器具，照相影像和半导体业，工业协助过许多客户。他一
直是加州少数民族律师协会会员；他还是加州橙郡日裔律师协会创始董
事，他也曾是加州大学尔湾分校律师助理项目的讲师。麦克尔律师是加
州橙郡海岸乐观者俱乐部的前任会长。 他曾在加州律师协会知识产权部
的执行委员会服务三年。目前他正在三年制的加州律师协会联邦法庭委
员会服务。
麦克尔律师也是大学科技经理协会会刊的编辑部成员。他所创作
的文章，包括“诱导及共同侵权理论来调节预专利发行活动”37 IDEA的
571（1997）; “某些类型的网页內容使用是否侵权”洛杉矶新闻日报，
2002年8月22日;和“停止及制止信可能包含一些隐患”洛杉矶新闻日报，
2003年2月27日; “专利官司的应急辩护“洛杉矶新闻日报，2006年8月1日;
“从设计到测试”洛杉矶新闻日报2008年10月30日 。
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6. PATENT LITIGATION UPDATE
年专利诉讼更新
“意志战胜物质”洛杉矶律师，2009年4月。迈科尔律师从加州大学尔湾分校荣获
或化学专业学士学位后，接着他又从美国加州西南大学法学院获得法学博士学位
。在法学院，他是法学院的法律杂志的执行编辑。他曾为美国地区法院罗伯特.高
杉法官的司法实习生。麦克尔克律师由美国加州律师协会和美国专利商标局批准
执照。
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7. OVERVIEW 概览
• WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• DAMAGES FOR FALSE PATENT MARKING
[孰假专利标记的危害]
• OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• NEW PATENT TROLL BUSINESS MODEL
[新专利诱饵商业模式]
• AVOIDING FALSE PATENT MARKING
[避开孰假专利标记]
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8. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• United States statute
[美国法规]
• Whoever marks upon any unpatented article, the word "patent" or any
word or number importing that the same is patented, for the purpose of
deceiving the public
[任何人在非专利保护的产品中标注，“专利”字样
或任何文字或数字同样的商标专利，用于欺骗公
众]
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9. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• What is “unpatented article”
[什么是“非专利产品”]
• First, determine scope of patent claims
[首先，确定专利权声称的范围]
• Next, determine if at least one patent claim reads on marked
article
[接下来，确定至少有一个专利声称注明产品为专利保护]
• If no claim reads on the article, then the article is unpatented
[如果没有在专利声称注明，则产品为无专利]
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10. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• What is an “unpatented article”
[什么是“无版权的产品”]
• If patent is expired, then article is unpatented (Pequignot v. Solo
Cup, Federal Circuit)
[若专利已经过期，则产品为非专利]
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11. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• What is “purpose of deceiving”
[什么是“欺骗的目的”]
• Mere knowledge that marking is false is insufficient (Pequignot
v. Solo Cup, Federal Circuit)
[单纯的知识是不够分辨标识的真假 ]
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12. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• What is “purpose of deceiving”
[什么是“欺骗的目的”]
• False statement plus knowledge of falsity creates presumption of
intent to deceive (Pequignot v. Solo Cup, Federal Circuit)
[虚假陈述加上虚假的知识创造意图欺骗 ]
• Presumption can be rebutted by proving no intent to deceive
public
[推定可以被推翻如可以证明没有意图欺骗公众 ]
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13. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• Proving “no intent to deceive”
[证明“没有意图欺骗”]
• Defendant cannot simply say it had no intent to deceive – must
be proved with evidence (Pequignot v. Solo Cup, Federal Circuit)
[被告不能简单地说，他没有意图欺骗 - 必须有证据证明 ]
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14. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• Proving “no intent to deceive”
[证明“没有意图欺骗”]
• Reliance on advice of counsel (Pequignot v. Solo Cup, Federal
Circuit)
[依赖律师的意见 ]
• Example – counsel advises there is no false marking
[范例 - 律师建议不存在虚假标识 ]
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15. WHAT IS FALSE PATENT MARKING
[什么是孰假专利标记]
• Proving “no intent to deceive”
[证明“没有意图欺骗”]
• Example - goal of reducing costs and avoiding business
interruption
[范例 - 降低成本和避免业务中断的目标 ]
• Example – too costly to destroy molds that produce marked
articles (Pequignot v. Solo Cup, Federal Circuit)
[范例- 破坏生产产品模具过于昂贵]
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16. DAMAGES FOR FALSE PATENT
MARKING
[孰假专利标记的危害]
• United States statute
[美国法规]
• Any person may sue for the penalty; one half goes to the person
suing and the other half to the US government
[任何人都可以控告要求刑法；一半起诉归于个人，另一半归于美
国政府]
• Shall be fined not more than $500 for every offense
[处以罚款，每罪不超过500元]
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17. DAMAGES FOR FALSE PATENT
MARKING
[孰假专利标记的危害]
• Who can sue
[谁可以起诉]
• “Any person” can sue for the penalty (Stauffer v. Brooks Bros, Federal
Circuit)
[“任何人”可以控告要求惩罚]
• Does NOT have to be a patent owner
[不必是专利权拥有者]
• Does NOT have to be personally damaged
[不必有个人伤害]
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18. DAMAGES FOR FALSE PATENT
MARKING
[孰假专利标记的危害]
• What is an “offense”
[什么是“罪行”]
• It is each article that is falsely marked with intent to deceive
(Forest Group v. Bon Tool, Federal Circuit)
[它是每个产品标识错误以意图欺骗]
• It is Not each decision to falsely mark
[它不是决定标识错误]
• It is Not based on time, such as each day
[它不是由时间来决定的，例如每一天]
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19. DAMAGES FOR FALSE PATENT
MARKING
[孰假专利标记的危害]
• Assessment of fine
[罚款评估]
• Court is not required to assess $500 for each improperly marked
article (Forest Group v. Bon Tool, Federal Circuit)
[标识不当的产品将处罚$500与以下金额，无需法院受理]
• Court has discretion to assess less than $500
[法院可酌情评估低于金额$500]
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20. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Also known as Non-Practicing Entity (NPE)
[也可称之为非执业实体]
• Entity that acquires patents for the purpose of generating
income from enforcement of their patents without producing
products or services
[实体获得版权从用于专利执法收入目的，并无制品与服务]
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21. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• May exclude universities
[可排除大学]
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22. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• May be in different forms
[可以是不同的形式]
• Individuals or companies owned by individual
[个人或个人公司]
• Hedge funds
[对冲基金]
• Publicly owned companies
[公有制企业]
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23. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Old model
[旧模式]
• Acquire patents
[获得专利]
• Identify multiple infringers
[识别多个侵权者]
• Cease and desist letters
[停止与停止信]
• Concurrent licensing and litigation
[并发许可与诉讼]
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24. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Concurrent licensing and litigation
[并发许可与诉讼]
• Multiple patents asserted
[多项专利宣布]
• Multiple infringers sued
[多个侵权者被起诉]
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25. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Single or multiple lawsuits
[独立或多重诉讼]
• Filed in the same court
[在同一法院提起]
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26. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Reported average attorney cost of lawsuit – plaintiff or
defendant
[报告的诉讼平均费用 – 原告或被告]
• Upwards of $5 million
[500万美元以上]
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27. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Single lawsuit
[独立诉讼]
• Filed against multiple infringers
[对多个侵权者发起]
• Includes one or more patents
[包括一个或多个专利]
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28. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Single lawsuit
[独立诉讼 ]
• Examples
[范例]
• PACid v. Huawei, ZTE, Yamaha, Ricoh
[PACid 对 华为, 中兴, 雅马哈, 理光]
• Seventy three defendants
[73个被告]
• Two patents for encryption
[2种加密专利]
• In the State of Texas
[在德克萨斯州]
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29. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Single lawsuit - example
[独立诉讼 – 范例]
• Traffic Information v. Huawei, ZTE
[Traffic Information 对 华为, 中兴]
• Eight defendants
[8 个被告]
• One patent for traffic information
[Traffic Information的1个专利 ]
• In the State of Texas
[在德克萨斯州]
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30. OLD PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[旧专利诱饵商业模式]
• Single lawsuit – another example
[独立诉讼 – 另一范例]
• Mobilemedia v. HTC
[Mobile-media 对宏达]
• Parent and US affiliate as defendants
[母公司和被告的US分公司]
• Twelve patents for mobile devices
[移动设备的12 个专利]
• In the State of Texas
[在德克萨斯州]
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31. NEW PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[新专利诱饵商业模式]
• New model
[新模式]
• Assert claims of false patent marking
[虚假专利标识的辩护声称]
• Not dependent upon ownership of patents
[不依赖于专利所有权]
• Not dependent upon infringement
[不依赖于侵权]
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32. NEW PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[新专利诱饵商业模式]
• Multiple lawsuits
[多重诉讼]
• One lawsuit for each infringer
[一个诉讼一个侵权]
• Each lawsuit includes one or more patents
[每个诉讼包含一个或多个专利]
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33. NEW PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[新专利诱饵商业模式]
• Multiple lawsuits
[多重诉讼]
• Examples
[范例]
• Patent Group filed ten separate lawsuits on one day
[专利集团在1天内发起10个不相关的诉讼]
• Patent Group filed twelve separate lawsuits on next day
[专利集团在第二天发起12个不相关的诉讼]
• Each lawsuit included one defendant
[每一个诉讼包括一个被告]
• All lawsuits related to false patent marking, not infringement
[所有诉讼都与虚假标识有关，而不是侵权]
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34. NEW PATENT TROLL BUSINESS
MODEL
[新专利诱饵商业模式]
• Multiple lawsuits
[多重诉讼]
• Examples – Patent Group
[范例 – 专利集团]
• Each lawsuit included one defendant
[每一个诉讼包括一个被告]
• All lawsuits related to false marking, not infringement
[所有诉讼都与虚假标识有关，而不是侵权]
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35. AVOIDING FALSE PATENT MARKING
[避开孰假专利标记]
• No threat of counterclaim
[没有反诉的威胁]
• Typical troll does not make product or service lawsuit
[典型的诱饵不会使产品或服务的诉讼]
• No opportunity for counterclaim of infringement
[没有侵权反诉机会]
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36. AVOIDING FALSE PATENT MARKING
[避开孰假专利标记]
• Potential defenses
[潜在的抗辩]
• At least one claim reads on marked article
[至少有一个专利声称产品为专利申请中]
• No intent to deceive
[没有意图欺骗]
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37. AVOIDING FALSE PATENT MARKING
[避开孰假专利标记]
• No intent to deceive
[没有意图欺骗]
• Reliance on patent counsel advice
[依靠专利律师的意见]
• Reliance on business goals that justify false marking
[依靠企业目标来证明虚假标识]
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38. QUESTIONS?
如有问题，敬请指教!
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