The document defines auxiliary verbs as verbs that help form the moods, tenses, or voices of other verbs. It lists 16 common auxiliary verbs including be, have, do, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, dare, need, and used to. The document distinguishes between primary auxiliaries (be, have, do) and modal auxiliaries. It provides examples of how each auxiliary verb is used in sentences and explains their functions in forming questions, question tags, commands, and emphasis.

1. Auxiliaries
Anomalous or special
verbs

2. Definition
 AN Auxiliary verb is a verb that helps to form
the moods, tenses or voices of other verbs.

3. 16 Auxiliary verbs
1. Be
2. Have
3. DO
4. Will
5. Would
6. Shall
7. Should
8. Can

4. 16 Auxiliary verbs
9. Could
10. May
11. Might
12. Must
13. Ought
14. Dare
15. Need
16. Used

5. Modal Auxiliaries
 The Auxiliaries – WILL, WOULD, SHALL,
SHOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT,
MUST, OUGHT TO, DARE, NEED and USED
TO are modals or Modal auxiliaries.

6. Auxiliary verbs are used to form
tenses
 Example -
 She is cooking.
 He had written the book.
 I must go.

7. Primary Auxiliaries
 The Auxiliaries – Be, have and do are called
Primary Auxiliaries
 The different form of the auxiliary “BE” are AM
IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BEING, BEEN
 The different form of the Auxiliary “HAVE” are
HAS, HAD and HAVING
 The other forms of “DO” are DOES and DID

8. Auxiliary are used in short
sentence to avoid repetition
 Do you love me? – Yes, I do
 Have you seen butterflies? – No, I haven’t
 Can you sing and dance? – No, I can’t
 Must they do it? – Yes, they must.

9. Auxiliaries are used to form
question tags
 She will dance, won’t she?
 He didn’t come, did he?
 He hasn’t done it, has he?
 They played well, didn’t they?
 My wife sings sweetly, doesn’t she?

10. Combination with infinitives
 I will get a first class. ( certainty)
 She must write to me. ( obligation)
 They may come.( Possibility)
 We should work hard.( necessity)
 You may go.(permission)
 She can drive a car.( ability)

11. Primary auxiliaries
 She is dancing.
 We are reading.
 They were shouting.
 To convey instructions, decisions, plan,
arrangement, agreement etc.
 I am to go to England.
 My brother is to meet me to airport.
 We are to be married next week.

12. To denote a command
 You are to put your signature on top of your
name.
 You are to go out and bring some water.

13. The Auxiliary Have – has had
 We have seen the accident.
 She has gone to market.
 We had forgotten to take umbrellas.
 I had lost money on my way home.
 Compulsion or obligation =
 I had to go to Spain.
 She has to face me today.
 They had to leave the house.

14. Have + had
 I have had my breakfast.
 She has had a wash.
 We have had enough sweets.

15. The Auxiliary “DO”( Does , did)
 She doesn’t dance – She didn’t dance.
 Does she dance? – Did she dance?
 To avoid repetition in short answers –
 Do you know my address? Yes, I do.
 Did they finish the job? Yes, they did.
 Does she read well? No, she doesn’t.

16. For emphasis
 I like her – I do like her.
 She shouted – He did shout.
 We love him – We do love him.
 TO form question tags –
 He studies well, doesn’t he?
 We work hard, don’t we?
 She stayed here, didn’t she?

17. To emphasize request and
intimations
 Come and help us at the function – Do come
and help us at the function.
 Watch my son – Do watch my son
 Go and meet her – Do go and meet her.

18. The modal auxiliary - Will
 During the spring, flowers will blossom.
 She will talk about boys only.
 I will take you home.
 That will be the postman I think.
 Will you come for a walk with me.

19. Would
 Would you mind writing this address for me.
 Would you kindly speak in English.
 I wish she would come early.
 I would like to go to the movies.
 I would rather resign my job than submist to
such a humiliation.

20. Shall
 I Shall meet you on Monday.
 We shall meet him next week.
 You shall not come to my door again.
 Shall I wait for you?
 Shall I start the dinner?
 How shall I report for duty?

21. Should
 Children should obey and respect their elders.
 You should have come early.
 We were informed that we should oppose the
President.

22. Can, could, may, might
 She can dance well.
 I can drive a car.
 He can take a rest.
 you can sit down here if you want.
 You can sleep in my room.
 She can go with him.

23. Could
 I could play hockey when we I was young.
 She could dance well in her teen ages.
 The students asked if they could go home
early.

24. May
 You may go home if you want.
 That boy may come and see me.
 It may rain in the afternoon.
 She may be at home.

25. Might
 This tablet might cure his headache.
 The students asked if they might allow her to
go for the excursion.
 You might post this letter to me.
 You might make less noise.

26. Must, ought
 We must respect our supervisors.
 He must replay the loans.
 We must buy that estate.
 We ought to love and respect our parents.
 She ought to win the match.
 She ought to have told me the truth.

27. Dare
 I, We, you, they – dare
 HE, she, it – dares
 Did he dare to find fault with my work.
 The boy didn’t dare to tell his father about his
mischief.
 They dared to go to the principals office.

28. Need
 He needs a servant.
 She needs an assistant.
 Visitors don’t need to leave before closing
time.
 I needn’t have given him the money.
 We needn't have taken him in.

29. Used
 I used to smoke before my marriage.
 The teacher used to ask questions every day.
 He used to drink.
 They used to getup early in the morning.

30. Thank you