1) Civil air traffic controllers play a crucial role in supporting national security by detecting anomalies in flight behavior and alerting military authorities. However, with increasing air traffic, focusing primarily on safety means anomalies not affecting safety can be missed.
2) The article proposes introducing automated "security nets" to detect anomalies like deviations from flight plans, loss of communication or transponders, to expedite military response. This requires information sharing between civil and military air traffic control.
3) Examples from Germany and NATO initiatives show civil-military coordination systems providing real-time flight information to military controllers. The next step is incident coordination across borders and domains to rapidly share information and coordinate responses to security incidents.
The document provides a preliminary assessment of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). It finds the limited UAP data hampers firm conclusions about UAP nature or intent. While most UAP were physical objects, a small number exhibited advanced technology like remaining stationary against the wind. UAP likely have multiple explanations like airborne clutter, atmospheric events, U.S. programs, foreign adversaries, or other categories. UAP present flight safety and national security challenges. Greater data collection, standardized reporting, and increased analysis are needed to improve understanding.
This document summarizes a report on urban operations in the year 2020. It begins by noting that urban areas will continue increasing in size and importance, posing challenges for NATO forces. It then outlines a conceptual framework called "USECT" to describe a manoeuvrist approach to urban operations, emphasizing understanding the environment and shaping engagements over traditional tactics. This approach seeks to gain information on enemy forces before engaging with precision strikes to minimize casualties and damage. Both tactical and operational improvements are needed, but operational initiatives hold promise for dramatic gains over the traditional approach of relying on overwhelming force.
2016 Next Gen ISR Velocity Group PresentationVelocity Group
This was a presentation given by Commercial UAV/UAS expert and Velocity Group Business Development Director, Ron Stearns, at the TTC Next-Generation ISR Symposium for Military and Government. Ron presents his forecast analysis for budgets and spending in the UAV/UAS ISR space for commercial and defense verticals. He also looks at new data applications and opportunities in private and public sectors as a result of the FAA's Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 and subsequent changes since the bill became law (eg - Section 333 vs. Part 107).
The document discusses the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) program in the United States and the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program in Europe. Both programs aim to fundamentally transform air traffic management systems to increase capacity and efficiency as air traffic volumes grow. NextGen and SESAR involve introducing new technologies like GPS and automated dependent surveillance to improve precision, reduce uncertainties, and allow for more direct flight paths. However, both programs also face significant challenges in implementing complex new technologies, coordinating interdependent systems, and managing high costs.
For the most time of human history, life was local and linear. Local in the way that anything that happened was close by, a least within a walking distance. Linear in the way that your life was the same as your father and your childs. Nothing changed.
Just like the evolution of man, technology improvements follow an evolutionary progress. New ideas or products are to begin with immature and fragile with slow improvements. Then the progress accelerates until the products become mature and taken for granted. Then the cycle repeats and a new layer of technology is added to the previous. This process is exponential. One such observation of exponential is Moore’s Law.
Any new technology that gets wide acceptance in society needs to be adopted by people. We will explore that type of people are the first to adopt new things, and what types come later.
Morel Fourman Ecosystems Stewardship Safe Passage To Our Positive Futuremorelfourman
The document discusses ecosystems stewardship as a solution for a livable future. It proposes governance approaches for ecosystems stewardship to sustain human well-being by learning from and working with nature. This requires massive economic re-purposing and a shift in mindset to view nature as the sustainer of life and wealth. Global corporate citizenship and measuring contributions to ecosystem services rather than just profit are presented as ways to implement these solutions.
Design Strategies to galvanize EcosystemsSimone Cicero
Crafting a power "Shaping Strategy" and galvanize an entire ecosystem to join a platform for collaborative value creation is the new strategy to transform markets in the XXIst century.
Networked business models are transforming markets, communities and production through network effects.
Presentation given in Aalborg University for the BizMedia2016 Event
A monte carlo simulation for evaluating airborne collision risk in intersecti...MEHenry
The Intersecting Operations (IO) Model was developed to define a set of separation standards for converging and intersecting runway operations which statistically mitigates collision risk for modeled airport geometries and associated parameters. The IO Model incorporates synthetic trajectory models that account for the variation within historical environmental variables and actual flight data informed by NOP and ASDE-X sources. This model provides a simulation by which analysts can statistically determine an area of unacceptable risk and propose a risk mitigation methodology for these areas.
The document provides a preliminary assessment of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). It finds the limited UAP data hampers firm conclusions about UAP nature or intent. While most UAP were physical objects, a small number exhibited advanced technology like remaining stationary against the wind. UAP likely have multiple explanations like airborne clutter, atmospheric events, U.S. programs, foreign adversaries, or other categories. UAP present flight safety and national security challenges. Greater data collection, standardized reporting, and increased analysis are needed to improve understanding.
This document summarizes a report on urban operations in the year 2020. It begins by noting that urban areas will continue increasing in size and importance, posing challenges for NATO forces. It then outlines a conceptual framework called "USECT" to describe a manoeuvrist approach to urban operations, emphasizing understanding the environment and shaping engagements over traditional tactics. This approach seeks to gain information on enemy forces before engaging with precision strikes to minimize casualties and damage. Both tactical and operational improvements are needed, but operational initiatives hold promise for dramatic gains over the traditional approach of relying on overwhelming force.
2016 Next Gen ISR Velocity Group PresentationVelocity Group
This was a presentation given by Commercial UAV/UAS expert and Velocity Group Business Development Director, Ron Stearns, at the TTC Next-Generation ISR Symposium for Military and Government. Ron presents his forecast analysis for budgets and spending in the UAV/UAS ISR space for commercial and defense verticals. He also looks at new data applications and opportunities in private and public sectors as a result of the FAA's Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 and subsequent changes since the bill became law (eg - Section 333 vs. Part 107).
The document discusses the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) program in the United States and the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program in Europe. Both programs aim to fundamentally transform air traffic management systems to increase capacity and efficiency as air traffic volumes grow. NextGen and SESAR involve introducing new technologies like GPS and automated dependent surveillance to improve precision, reduce uncertainties, and allow for more direct flight paths. However, both programs also face significant challenges in implementing complex new technologies, coordinating interdependent systems, and managing high costs.
For the most time of human history, life was local and linear. Local in the way that anything that happened was close by, a least within a walking distance. Linear in the way that your life was the same as your father and your childs. Nothing changed.
Just like the evolution of man, technology improvements follow an evolutionary progress. New ideas or products are to begin with immature and fragile with slow improvements. Then the progress accelerates until the products become mature and taken for granted. Then the cycle repeats and a new layer of technology is added to the previous. This process is exponential. One such observation of exponential is Moore’s Law.
Any new technology that gets wide acceptance in society needs to be adopted by people. We will explore that type of people are the first to adopt new things, and what types come later.
Morel Fourman Ecosystems Stewardship Safe Passage To Our Positive Futuremorelfourman
The document discusses ecosystems stewardship as a solution for a livable future. It proposes governance approaches for ecosystems stewardship to sustain human well-being by learning from and working with nature. This requires massive economic re-purposing and a shift in mindset to view nature as the sustainer of life and wealth. Global corporate citizenship and measuring contributions to ecosystem services rather than just profit are presented as ways to implement these solutions.
Design Strategies to galvanize EcosystemsSimone Cicero
Crafting a power "Shaping Strategy" and galvanize an entire ecosystem to join a platform for collaborative value creation is the new strategy to transform markets in the XXIst century.
Networked business models are transforming markets, communities and production through network effects.
Presentation given in Aalborg University for the BizMedia2016 Event
A monte carlo simulation for evaluating airborne collision risk in intersecti...MEHenry
The Intersecting Operations (IO) Model was developed to define a set of separation standards for converging and intersecting runway operations which statistically mitigates collision risk for modeled airport geometries and associated parameters. The IO Model incorporates synthetic trajectory models that account for the variation within historical environmental variables and actual flight data informed by NOP and ASDE-X sources. This model provides a simulation by which analysts can statistically determine an area of unacceptable risk and propose a risk mitigation methodology for these areas.
Here are some potential advantages and disadvantages of installing anti-terrorist technology on transportation assets:
Advantages:
- It can help deter terrorist attacks by making transportation targets harder to attack successfully. Hardening assets with technology makes them less vulnerable and vulnerable targets may be less appealing to terrorists.
- It can help protect lives. If an attack does occur, protective technology has the potential to minimize loss of life by containing or limiting the damage from an attack.
Disadvantages:
- It involves significant costs for research, development, purchase, and installation of new security systems. Taxpayer or customer dollars must fund these expenses. The costs may outweigh the risks for some systems or assets.
- New systems may have
JUST CULTURE IN AVIATION SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ASM)DigitalPower
The document discusses the concept of a "just culture" in aviation safety management. It argues that a non-punitive, confidential reporting system is essential for improving safety by allowing errors to be reported and addressed systemically without fear of blame or prosecution. Currently, many legal systems still approach errors as criminal matters, which discourages reporting and hinders safety improvements. A just culture aims to distinguish between honest mistakes and reckless actions, holding individuals accountable only in clear cases of negligence while still prioritizing systemic learning from errors.
The document discusses regulations for the civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It provides an overview of UAV types and applications, both military and civil. It discusses key international regulations like the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and challenges around integrating UAVs into non-segregated airspace. The document proposes three modes of decentralized airspace management to enable autonomous UAV operations: centralized, cooperative decentralized, and non-cooperative decentralized.
A TASK BASED information break down of COUNTERING UAVEdwin Hofte
THE RAPID SPREAD AND GROWING USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) BY INDIVIDUALS, THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND TERRORISTS HAS GIVEN WAY TO NUMEROUS DEVELOPING SECURITY CONCERNS. THIS ARTICLE ANALYSES HOW GOVERNMENT, REGULATORS, SECURITY SERVICES, LAW ENFORCEMENT CAN ADDRESS SOME OF THESE CONCERNS. COUNTERING THESE SECURITY THREATS IS COMPLEX AS THE THREATS HAVE TO BE COUNTERED AT DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL LEVELS AND INTENDED USE SUCH AS TERRORIST, CRIMINAL, MILITARY, INTELLIGENCE, SAFETY ETC. TO ENABLE ANALYSIS A FRAMEWORK IS INTRODUCED TO CLASSIFY THE TASKS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADDRESSING SECURITY THREATS: INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. USING THIS FRAMEWORK A BREAKDOWN OF THE INFORMATION NECESSARY TO PERFORM THE DIFFERENT TASKS IS INTRODUCED. WE ANALYSED WHAT INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE GATHERED TO ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION OF COUNTER MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENT TASKS. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO HOW DIGITAL FORENSICS ON UAV’S COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE TASKS OF INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.
This article discusses a study that forecast future UAS flight volume in the NAS. It found that about 26,312 UAS flights per day could be expected from missions like wildfire monitoring, weather data collection, air quality monitoring, and others. Adding these flights would increase total NAS traffic by 55%, challenging the current air traffic control system. Long-duration and vertical flights would reduce sector capacity. UAS also have different performance characteristics than piloted aircraft, further increasing controller workload. Changes to traffic management and NAS architecture may be needed to safely integrate high volumes of UAS flights.
The document discusses cyber security issues in civil aviation. It notes that new technologies like eEnabled aircraft and air traffic management (ATM) systems have increased vulnerabilities, as they rely more on interconnected electronic systems. While organizations are working on solutions, there is currently no agreed upon cyber security architecture for civil aviation. The document outlines the key organizations involved and some recommendations to address the situation.
Maurizio Mancini - the ansp perspectiveALIAS Network
ANSPs are concerned about the increasing integration of drones into airspace as it poses safety and regulatory challenges. Currently, ANSPs do not provide air traffic services for or have visibility into civil drone operations below 500 feet in uncontrolled airspace. However, ANSPs see a need to develop innovative infrastructure and services to safely manage the exponential growth of small drone operations in class F and G airspace through approaches like smart use of technologies like ADS-B and geo-fencing to segregate drone traffic from other aircraft. Ultimately, achieving an acceptable level of safety for all airspace users will require new procedures, rules, training and mitigations as drone operations become more prevalent.
The Federal Aviation Administration Should Not Shut Down...Cindy Wooten
The document discusses arguments for why the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) should not shut down small airport air traffic control towers. It notes that air travel safety has greatly improved since the FAA was established in 1958. Private companies can operate air traffic control towers more cheaply than the federal government. Contracting air traffic control towers to private companies could save the U.S. government a lot of money. The FAA's main concern is air travel safety as they oversee millions of commercial flights each year.
Airport Terminals Functioning Post Covidaeileenalice
Incoming baggage may need to be divided, either across numerous belts or from other flights arriving at the same time. Plane turnaround times will be increased to allow for more thorough cleaning. All of this adds to the operational and financial constraints that already exist in the COVID-19 context.
This document proposes a standardized approach to using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in Colorado emergency management. It discusses the current regulatory environment for UAVs and examples of UAV use by other states' emergency response agencies. The document advocates for Colorado to develop an incident command system to integrate UAVs into emergency response. This would include typing systems to categorize UAVs based on size and capabilities as well as defining positions like UAV Supervisor. The goal is to provide guidelines allowing first responders to safely and effectively use UAVs when needed.
Drone Guardian: Countering the drone threat to commercial airportsNicholas Meadows
L3 Technologies is currently live trailing its pioneering Drone Guardian technology in both commercial and non-commercial settings. Our whitepaper explores the risk factors associated with drones at commercial airports and considers how a flexible and scalable system such as Drone Guardian can be deployed to counter an ever-growing threat from the illegal and hostile use of both commercial and military drones.
Aircraft safety systems are a major concern today and the aviation industry is working hard on technologies that will help improve flight safety. Read this Aranca report to know more.
Aircraft Safety Systems: In The Spotlight - An Aranca ReportAranca
Aircraft safety systems are a major concern today and the aviation industry is working hard on technologies that will help improve flight safety. Read this Aranca report to know more.
This document outlines a third approach to modernizing the US air traffic system through NextGen that relies on competition and market forces rather than further governance reforms of the FAA or creating an Air Navigation Service Provider monopoly. It argues the Federal Aviation Act provides statutory authority for the FAA to certify private air navigation facilities and enable the private sector to provide next generation technologies and services, creating a distributed network similar to telecommunications. The document reviews NextGen concepts including performance-based services, weather-integrated decision making, layered adaptive security, and broad area precision navigation to increase safety, capacity, efficiency and reduce environmental impacts through new technologies.
This document discusses how unmanned systems can extend operational reach by providing intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance over greater areas for longer periods of time. It argues that unmanned vehicles allow operational commanders to influence battles from a greater distance in terms of space, time, and available forces. When deployed in networks, unmanned systems can monitor enemy activities across broad regions continuously and engage targets rapidly as situations develop. This persistence enhances situational awareness and allows a faster operational tempo that keeps adversaries unbalanced.
AUVSI 2013: Sense & Avoid: A Piece of the PuzzleLaura Samsó, MSc
1. The document discusses the challenges of integrating remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) into non-segregated airspaces, including sense and avoid (S&A) technologies and regulations.
2. It notes a need for S&A systems to be affordable and reliable, with safety levels equivalent to human pilots, while regulatory bodies work towards harmonized frameworks.
3. The integration of RPA will pose challenges to current air traffic management systems, which programs like SESAR and NextGen are seeking to address through concepts like 4D trajectory management and detect and avoid technologies.
1
Transportation Security Proposal
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course
Instructor’s Name
Date
Abstract
In order to maintain social and economic equilibrium, day-to-day operations must make use of other modes of transportation, such as buses, trains, and ferries. These intricate and interconnected transit systems need to make use of the proper technology to avoid disruptions in their operations, which would be detrimental to the inhabitants, users, data, and assets they serve. At every stage of the journey, the passengers, the crew, the equipment, and the cargo all need to be safeguarded and protected. This is because of the very complicated and frequently vast landscapes. Transportation routes, such as those found in airports and seaports, need to be routinely examined to verify that they are not only free of obstructions but also that they are operating as smoothly as possible. In addition to the risks posed by other dangers and vulnerabilities, the potential for terrorist attacks is an inherent risk at these transportation facilities; as a result, they require the necessary measures to protect what is most important. In addition to issues regarding the environment and the structure, maintaining the integrity of information technology systems is a consistent focus. In each of these situations, a comprehensive and well-thought-out security solution is necessary, even though the particular needs may vary.
Transportation Security Proposal
Introduction
One of the organizations that have successfully ensured the safety of the nation's transportation system is the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). The transportation business is unique in that it has an impact not only on the specifics of daily living but also on the state of the economy as a whole. When it comes to providing transportation services in a fast and effective manner, the dependability and safety of the organizations providing those services are quite necessary. The transportation industry faces a wide range of issues that get more complex as the market matures. These challenges are exacerbated by the large number of people who use transit stations and the high value of the items that are transported on ships and ferries. Transportation Security in the United States employs a variety of strategies to defend the country, some of which may be covert while others may be obvious to the general public. These strategies are implemented in varying degrees depending on the severity of the threats. This division makes use of tactics such as canine-team airport searches and randomized data collecting and analysis to accomplish its goals. In addition, it works in conjunction with the United States Federal Air Marshals and checks passenger manifests to watch lists. According to Palmer (2020), the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) uses a variety of screening measures to ensure the safety of American citizens. These screening methods might r ...
11TH International Command And Control Research And Technology Symposium Coal...Amy Isleb
This document summarizes a thought experiment analyzing how network-centric concepts could have changed the response to the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks. It describes the air traffic control and air defense systems in place on that day and identifies shortcomings in information sharing and coordination between agencies. The thought experiment applies network-centric warfare principles to hypothetically rectify these issues, resulting in a new concept of operations and timeline that potentially could have intercepted the hijacked planes more quickly and mitigated the impacts of the attacks.
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems Research Project.docxfestockton
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems Research Project
Use of UAS for Domestic Border Security Operations in the United States
Student no. 3
9 November 2019
The use of UAS and or UAV for ISR has been in existence since the 19th century.U.S CBP agency is no exception since it has various assets in its arsenal of ISR to protect the U.S borders, with one example being the use of UAS. The one safety concern for the public is the integration of UAS into the domestic airspace (Cho, 2014).
Summary
The CBP has an arsenal of ISR assets to use to protect our borders from fixed-wing aircraft like the Beechcraft King Air Series 200 and C-12C, Cessna C-206/210 and C-55 Citation, to rotary-wing aircraft like the Airbus AS350 A-Star, Bell UH-1H Huey II, Sikorsky UH-60, to marine vessels like 39-foot Interim Midnight Express, 33-foot SAFE Boat, a Tethered Aerostat Radar System, and UAS MQ-9B Predator along with small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) to name a few, but what has the public concerned is the unmanned aerial systems of the MQ-9B Predator and sUAS (Air and Marine Operations Assets, 2019). Since most of these assets are manned aircraft or vessels which are piloted from within, with the exception of the Tethered Aerostat which is stationary balloon, the MQ-9B Predator and sUAS are systems that are pilotless in the sense that the pilot is flying it form the ground far away from it. This leads to concerns of the safety aspects of flying this UAS along with other aircraft in the NAS.
Issue/Prob Statement
The CBP currently has a fleet of nine MQ-9 Predator B’s that are on regular surveillance missions looking for illegal activity crossing the Southern border (Bier & Feeney, 2018) The MQ-9B Predator, manufactured by General Atomics Aeronautical systems, is used for its vast operational capabilities, unique payload, mission flexibility, and that it can be fitted with new applications along with an excellent safety and performance record with other agencies (Unmanned Aircraft System, 2019).
Significance of Issue
The CBP have recently completed testing the use of sUAS and are currently implementing them for operational use in the field to complement their current inventory of manned and large UAS aircraft.The UTM still in its infancy of being tested and developed it brings up another safety issue with smaller unmanned aerial systems or vehicles being operated in the same airspace as low flying aircraft.
Significance of Issue
The United States, according to a CRS Report for Congress, has approximately 19,937.4 miles of International boundaries that the CBP covers on a day to day basis (Beaver, 2006). The extended range and endurance of these UASs may reduce the burdens on human resources at the borders. Like all other borders, the United States requires 24-hour surveillance of its borders on land and on our coastline.
Research and Development
The use of sUAS in the field in place of the large UAS MQ-9B Predator has given some additional adva ...
Here are some potential advantages and disadvantages of installing anti-terrorist technology on transportation assets:
Advantages:
- It can help deter terrorist attacks by making transportation targets harder to attack successfully. Hardening assets with technology makes them less vulnerable and vulnerable targets may be less appealing to terrorists.
- It can help protect lives. If an attack does occur, protective technology has the potential to minimize loss of life by containing or limiting the damage from an attack.
Disadvantages:
- It involves significant costs for research, development, purchase, and installation of new security systems. Taxpayer or customer dollars must fund these expenses. The costs may outweigh the risks for some systems or assets.
- New systems may have
JUST CULTURE IN AVIATION SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ASM)DigitalPower
The document discusses the concept of a "just culture" in aviation safety management. It argues that a non-punitive, confidential reporting system is essential for improving safety by allowing errors to be reported and addressed systemically without fear of blame or prosecution. Currently, many legal systems still approach errors as criminal matters, which discourages reporting and hinders safety improvements. A just culture aims to distinguish between honest mistakes and reckless actions, holding individuals accountable only in clear cases of negligence while still prioritizing systemic learning from errors.
The document discusses regulations for the civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It provides an overview of UAV types and applications, both military and civil. It discusses key international regulations like the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and challenges around integrating UAVs into non-segregated airspace. The document proposes three modes of decentralized airspace management to enable autonomous UAV operations: centralized, cooperative decentralized, and non-cooperative decentralized.
A TASK BASED information break down of COUNTERING UAVEdwin Hofte
THE RAPID SPREAD AND GROWING USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) BY INDIVIDUALS, THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND TERRORISTS HAS GIVEN WAY TO NUMEROUS DEVELOPING SECURITY CONCERNS. THIS ARTICLE ANALYSES HOW GOVERNMENT, REGULATORS, SECURITY SERVICES, LAW ENFORCEMENT CAN ADDRESS SOME OF THESE CONCERNS. COUNTERING THESE SECURITY THREATS IS COMPLEX AS THE THREATS HAVE TO BE COUNTERED AT DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL LEVELS AND INTENDED USE SUCH AS TERRORIST, CRIMINAL, MILITARY, INTELLIGENCE, SAFETY ETC. TO ENABLE ANALYSIS A FRAMEWORK IS INTRODUCED TO CLASSIFY THE TASKS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADDRESSING SECURITY THREATS: INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. USING THIS FRAMEWORK A BREAKDOWN OF THE INFORMATION NECESSARY TO PERFORM THE DIFFERENT TASKS IS INTRODUCED. WE ANALYSED WHAT INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE GATHERED TO ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION OF COUNTER MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENT TASKS. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO HOW DIGITAL FORENSICS ON UAV’S COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE TASKS OF INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.
This article discusses a study that forecast future UAS flight volume in the NAS. It found that about 26,312 UAS flights per day could be expected from missions like wildfire monitoring, weather data collection, air quality monitoring, and others. Adding these flights would increase total NAS traffic by 55%, challenging the current air traffic control system. Long-duration and vertical flights would reduce sector capacity. UAS also have different performance characteristics than piloted aircraft, further increasing controller workload. Changes to traffic management and NAS architecture may be needed to safely integrate high volumes of UAS flights.
The document discusses cyber security issues in civil aviation. It notes that new technologies like eEnabled aircraft and air traffic management (ATM) systems have increased vulnerabilities, as they rely more on interconnected electronic systems. While organizations are working on solutions, there is currently no agreed upon cyber security architecture for civil aviation. The document outlines the key organizations involved and some recommendations to address the situation.
Maurizio Mancini - the ansp perspectiveALIAS Network
ANSPs are concerned about the increasing integration of drones into airspace as it poses safety and regulatory challenges. Currently, ANSPs do not provide air traffic services for or have visibility into civil drone operations below 500 feet in uncontrolled airspace. However, ANSPs see a need to develop innovative infrastructure and services to safely manage the exponential growth of small drone operations in class F and G airspace through approaches like smart use of technologies like ADS-B and geo-fencing to segregate drone traffic from other aircraft. Ultimately, achieving an acceptable level of safety for all airspace users will require new procedures, rules, training and mitigations as drone operations become more prevalent.
The Federal Aviation Administration Should Not Shut Down...Cindy Wooten
The document discusses arguments for why the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) should not shut down small airport air traffic control towers. It notes that air travel safety has greatly improved since the FAA was established in 1958. Private companies can operate air traffic control towers more cheaply than the federal government. Contracting air traffic control towers to private companies could save the U.S. government a lot of money. The FAA's main concern is air travel safety as they oversee millions of commercial flights each year.
Airport Terminals Functioning Post Covidaeileenalice
Incoming baggage may need to be divided, either across numerous belts or from other flights arriving at the same time. Plane turnaround times will be increased to allow for more thorough cleaning. All of this adds to the operational and financial constraints that already exist in the COVID-19 context.
This document proposes a standardized approach to using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in Colorado emergency management. It discusses the current regulatory environment for UAVs and examples of UAV use by other states' emergency response agencies. The document advocates for Colorado to develop an incident command system to integrate UAVs into emergency response. This would include typing systems to categorize UAVs based on size and capabilities as well as defining positions like UAV Supervisor. The goal is to provide guidelines allowing first responders to safely and effectively use UAVs when needed.
Drone Guardian: Countering the drone threat to commercial airportsNicholas Meadows
L3 Technologies is currently live trailing its pioneering Drone Guardian technology in both commercial and non-commercial settings. Our whitepaper explores the risk factors associated with drones at commercial airports and considers how a flexible and scalable system such as Drone Guardian can be deployed to counter an ever-growing threat from the illegal and hostile use of both commercial and military drones.
Aircraft safety systems are a major concern today and the aviation industry is working hard on technologies that will help improve flight safety. Read this Aranca report to know more.
Aircraft Safety Systems: In The Spotlight - An Aranca ReportAranca
Aircraft safety systems are a major concern today and the aviation industry is working hard on technologies that will help improve flight safety. Read this Aranca report to know more.
This document outlines a third approach to modernizing the US air traffic system through NextGen that relies on competition and market forces rather than further governance reforms of the FAA or creating an Air Navigation Service Provider monopoly. It argues the Federal Aviation Act provides statutory authority for the FAA to certify private air navigation facilities and enable the private sector to provide next generation technologies and services, creating a distributed network similar to telecommunications. The document reviews NextGen concepts including performance-based services, weather-integrated decision making, layered adaptive security, and broad area precision navigation to increase safety, capacity, efficiency and reduce environmental impacts through new technologies.
This document discusses how unmanned systems can extend operational reach by providing intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance over greater areas for longer periods of time. It argues that unmanned vehicles allow operational commanders to influence battles from a greater distance in terms of space, time, and available forces. When deployed in networks, unmanned systems can monitor enemy activities across broad regions continuously and engage targets rapidly as situations develop. This persistence enhances situational awareness and allows a faster operational tempo that keeps adversaries unbalanced.
AUVSI 2013: Sense & Avoid: A Piece of the PuzzleLaura Samsó, MSc
1. The document discusses the challenges of integrating remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) into non-segregated airspaces, including sense and avoid (S&A) technologies and regulations.
2. It notes a need for S&A systems to be affordable and reliable, with safety levels equivalent to human pilots, while regulatory bodies work towards harmonized frameworks.
3. The integration of RPA will pose challenges to current air traffic management systems, which programs like SESAR and NextGen are seeking to address through concepts like 4D trajectory management and detect and avoid technologies.
1
Transportation Security Proposal
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course
Instructor’s Name
Date
Abstract
In order to maintain social and economic equilibrium, day-to-day operations must make use of other modes of transportation, such as buses, trains, and ferries. These intricate and interconnected transit systems need to make use of the proper technology to avoid disruptions in their operations, which would be detrimental to the inhabitants, users, data, and assets they serve. At every stage of the journey, the passengers, the crew, the equipment, and the cargo all need to be safeguarded and protected. This is because of the very complicated and frequently vast landscapes. Transportation routes, such as those found in airports and seaports, need to be routinely examined to verify that they are not only free of obstructions but also that they are operating as smoothly as possible. In addition to the risks posed by other dangers and vulnerabilities, the potential for terrorist attacks is an inherent risk at these transportation facilities; as a result, they require the necessary measures to protect what is most important. In addition to issues regarding the environment and the structure, maintaining the integrity of information technology systems is a consistent focus. In each of these situations, a comprehensive and well-thought-out security solution is necessary, even though the particular needs may vary.
Transportation Security Proposal
Introduction
One of the organizations that have successfully ensured the safety of the nation's transportation system is the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). The transportation business is unique in that it has an impact not only on the specifics of daily living but also on the state of the economy as a whole. When it comes to providing transportation services in a fast and effective manner, the dependability and safety of the organizations providing those services are quite necessary. The transportation industry faces a wide range of issues that get more complex as the market matures. These challenges are exacerbated by the large number of people who use transit stations and the high value of the items that are transported on ships and ferries. Transportation Security in the United States employs a variety of strategies to defend the country, some of which may be covert while others may be obvious to the general public. These strategies are implemented in varying degrees depending on the severity of the threats. This division makes use of tactics such as canine-team airport searches and randomized data collecting and analysis to accomplish its goals. In addition, it works in conjunction with the United States Federal Air Marshals and checks passenger manifests to watch lists. According to Palmer (2020), the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) uses a variety of screening measures to ensure the safety of American citizens. These screening methods might r ...
11TH International Command And Control Research And Technology Symposium Coal...Amy Isleb
This document summarizes a thought experiment analyzing how network-centric concepts could have changed the response to the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks. It describes the air traffic control and air defense systems in place on that day and identifies shortcomings in information sharing and coordination between agencies. The thought experiment applies network-centric warfare principles to hypothetically rectify these issues, resulting in a new concept of operations and timeline that potentially could have intercepted the hijacked planes more quickly and mitigated the impacts of the attacks.
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems Research Project.docxfestockton
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems Research Project
Use of UAS for Domestic Border Security Operations in the United States
Student no. 3
9 November 2019
The use of UAS and or UAV for ISR has been in existence since the 19th century.U.S CBP agency is no exception since it has various assets in its arsenal of ISR to protect the U.S borders, with one example being the use of UAS. The one safety concern for the public is the integration of UAS into the domestic airspace (Cho, 2014).
Summary
The CBP has an arsenal of ISR assets to use to protect our borders from fixed-wing aircraft like the Beechcraft King Air Series 200 and C-12C, Cessna C-206/210 and C-55 Citation, to rotary-wing aircraft like the Airbus AS350 A-Star, Bell UH-1H Huey II, Sikorsky UH-60, to marine vessels like 39-foot Interim Midnight Express, 33-foot SAFE Boat, a Tethered Aerostat Radar System, and UAS MQ-9B Predator along with small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) to name a few, but what has the public concerned is the unmanned aerial systems of the MQ-9B Predator and sUAS (Air and Marine Operations Assets, 2019). Since most of these assets are manned aircraft or vessels which are piloted from within, with the exception of the Tethered Aerostat which is stationary balloon, the MQ-9B Predator and sUAS are systems that are pilotless in the sense that the pilot is flying it form the ground far away from it. This leads to concerns of the safety aspects of flying this UAS along with other aircraft in the NAS.
Issue/Prob Statement
The CBP currently has a fleet of nine MQ-9 Predator B’s that are on regular surveillance missions looking for illegal activity crossing the Southern border (Bier & Feeney, 2018) The MQ-9B Predator, manufactured by General Atomics Aeronautical systems, is used for its vast operational capabilities, unique payload, mission flexibility, and that it can be fitted with new applications along with an excellent safety and performance record with other agencies (Unmanned Aircraft System, 2019).
Significance of Issue
The CBP have recently completed testing the use of sUAS and are currently implementing them for operational use in the field to complement their current inventory of manned and large UAS aircraft.The UTM still in its infancy of being tested and developed it brings up another safety issue with smaller unmanned aerial systems or vehicles being operated in the same airspace as low flying aircraft.
Significance of Issue
The United States, according to a CRS Report for Congress, has approximately 19,937.4 miles of International boundaries that the CBP covers on a day to day basis (Beaver, 2006). The extended range and endurance of these UASs may reduce the burdens on human resources at the borders. Like all other borders, the United States requires 24-hour surveillance of its borders on land and on our coastline.
Research and Development
The use of sUAS in the field in place of the large UAS MQ-9B Predator has given some additional adva ...
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems Research Project.docx
ATCAJournal.Q4.2014.Article_Li
1. A New Approach
to Monitoring and
Alerting Congestion
in Airspace Sectors
Plus
• Avoiding Clouds Associated
with Core Engine Icing
• Technology Changes Affecting
NAS Voice Delay Requirements
• Transforming Flight Information
Exchange via Flight Object
and FIXM
www.atca.org
Winter 2014 | VOLUME 56, NO. 4
2. NATIONAL SECURITY
When Time is of the Essence
By Walter Strijland, 42 Solutions B.V.
Abstract
Civil air traffic control officers (ATCOs)
play a crucial role in supporting nation-
al security. Breaches in national secu-
rity require a decisive and timely
response. A prerequisite to detecting
these breaches is the dissemination
of information from civil to military
authorities. However, the sheer amount
of information and the primary focus
on safety creates a whole new area of
blind spots.
Automated security nets and inci-
dent management systems are needed
to illuminate these spots and allow the
proper authorities to focus the attention
on the actual anomalies and to coordi-
nate the proper responses.
ATCO Support to National Security
Civil-military coordination is often
viewed from an airspace management
perspective. The ownership and use
of airspace is coordinated between
two distinct user groups. However, the
cooperation between the civil and mil-
itary bodies extends to a wide variety
of areas beyond airspace management.
Quite frequently, civil ATCOs play a cru-
cial role in supporting national security.
Safeguarding national security is
a complex process mainly because of
the overwhelming amount of informa-
tion on actual civil flight movements.
It is important for air defense to estab-
lish if a flight is “cooperative.” In other
Winter 201450
3. words, is the flight complying with
the standing rules and regulations,
the approved flight plan/profile, etc.?
Detection of a non-cooperative flight
would render it “suspect.” What fol-
lows is an in-depth assessment of the
probable cause(s) and risks in order to
initiate appropriate measures.
Unfortunately, to detect if a flight
is cooperative, air defense requires
knowledge about the active instruc-
tions issued by the civil ATCO. Such
information is disseminated to a cer-
tain extent (e.g., by means of flight
plan distribution) but often lacks real-
time amendments.
Even with full access to complete
flight profile information, scrutinizing
the air situation in search of non-co-
operative flights would be a tremen-
dous activity that largely copies the
role the civil ATCO is already fulfill-
ing. Consequently, civil ATCOs play
a crucial role in detecting anomalous
behavior. It is the ATCO who is most
likely to be the first to detect anoma-
lies - to investigate these and to alert
the appropriate partners where needed.
Thus, they hand over responsibility to
the national security domain.
Indicators show that air traffic has
shown fairly constant growth over the
past decade. The ever-increasing amount
of traffic implies that Air Navigation
Service Providers (ANSPs) and ATCOs
face the challenge of coping with the
increase. At the same time they are
challenged to improve performance,
reduce cost, and ensure safety. The
ATCO’s extracurricular responsibility
of supporting national security con-
flicts with this challenge.
To deal with the increasing
amount of information, the ATCO has
to compartmentalize and focus on the
responsibility of ensuring safety (not
security). This implies that anomalies
that are not, or at least not evidently,
undermining safety can easily slip
the ATCO’s attention.
The recent MH370 incident and
It is the ATCO who is most
likely to be the first to
detect anomalies – to
investigate these and
to alert the appropriate
partners where needed.
NATIONAL SECURITY
ADHunter/Shutterstock.com
The Journal of Air Traffic Control 51
4. the 9/11 attacks illustrate how factual
above challenges are. As the MH370
flight incident shows, compartmen-
talizing responsibilities, though
effective in terms of safety critical
decision-making, implicitly creates
blind spots with regards to accidental
or intentional non-cooperativeness. The
reports on the 9/11 attack show that
although the anomalies were detect-
ed at an early stage, interpretation
and consequential reporting to NORAD
took quite some time [1]
. In both scenar-
ios, ATCO awareness, alertness and
promptness play a crucial latent securi-
ty role in a safety mindset.
Note that the above statement is
based on the assumption that losing cov-
erage of MH370 could have been regard-
ed as an anomaly. ICAO, CANSO, and
IATA are investigating the possibility
to establish global tracking capabili-
ties to eliminate such coverage gaps.
Still, from the ATCO perspective the
MH370 was safely handed over to Ho
Chi Minh[2]
so a loss of coverage in
Malaysian airspace would no longer
have been “of interest” to the ATCO.
Introducing Security Nets
Most ANSPs provide ample mecha-
nisms to automatically flag safety
critical situations that require imme-
diate ATCO attention (safety nets)[3]
.
Similarly, military centers, which mon-
itor air traffic from a security point of
view, could introduce mechanism to
flag anomalies that require the atten-
tion of air defense, or even rescue coor-
dination centers.
The concept of security nets caters
to supporting the military controllers
with the detection of these anomalies.
Thus, this limits the active monitoring
requirement to the set of flights that are
‘suspect.’
The types of anomalies and the
required response are diverse. In gener-
al, the security nets should trigger any
“breach of contract” between the ATCO
and a pilot. This could be based on any
information that can be derived auto-
matically like deviation from the agreed
flight profile (route, cleared flight level,
ETO), unexpected transponder chang-
es, transponder loss, or even a lack
of voice communication (although this
would require a special infrastructure).
Of course, it could also cater for detec-
tion of security breaches (spoofing).
Automatic detection can expedite a
scramble of Quick Reaction Alert inter-
ceptors, or a swift SAR operation.
In the MH370 scenario, security
nets could have resulted in an instant
alert based on a loss of coverage (tran-
sponder loss), which could have led to
an instantaneous response.
The Need for Information
A prerequisite for such a security net
mechanism is voluntary information
dissemination from civil centers to the
military domain. The embellishment
“voluntary” is not superfluous as shar-
ing information on ATCO decisions
requires bilateral agreement to avoid
the impression of having a big brother
watching ATCO activities, but such
data dissemination is not unheard of.
Civil-military coordination in
Germany has been listed as an exem-
plary case in terms of flexible use of
airspace[4]
. But the German Air Force
also has an impressive record of sound
coordination with the civil ANSPs in
terms of air defense activities going
back as far as 1979. At that time,
EUROCONTROL Upper Area Control
centers in Maastricht and Karlsruhe
provided real time information to the
military domain (CRCs), thus improv-
ing the actual situational awareness
and limiting the coordination effort by
effectively bringing the real time civil
ATC picture to the air defense sites.
In 2003, EUROCONTROL took the
initiative to equip the CDCs of the
French Air Force with a ported variant
(now called CIMACT) of the German
system to further improve civil-military
coordination in cross border areas. Both
systems showed real-time flight plans
Civil Air Picture illustrating the amount of information on civil flight movements Maastricht UAC ATCO
NATIONAL SECURITY
Winter 201452
5. and track details containing most of
the essential ATCO inputs[7]
.
In the pre-9/11 world, the above
examples of presenting the civil air pic-
ture to the military controller sufficed.
It enabled the air defense operators
to identify air traffic as “known and
under civil control” which rendered it
‘friendly’ (non-threatening). This, sadly,
has proven to be a flawed assumption
(though, in terms of pure civil-military
separation coordination it still suffices).
As the 9/11 attacks have demonstrated,
any flight, at any time, in or near sov-
ereign airspace could become suspect.
Introducing Incident Coordination
In 2006 the interoperability and adapt-
ability of CIMACT was recognized by
the NATO as a viable basis for the imple-
mentation of the NATO-Russia Council’s
Cooperative Airspace Initiative. This ini-
tiative, conceived in the wake of the 9/11
attacks, focused on “providing increased
transparency, early notification of sus-
picious air activities, rapid coordination
and joint responses to security incidents
in the European airspace, including ter-
rorists threats.”[5]
This next evolutionary step added
the concept of cross-border (multi-
state), cross-domain (civil-military as
well as military-military) coordination
to the equation. Within the CAI initia-
tive this multi-state approach has been
demonstrated and validated in several
live “Vigilant Skies” events. The system
allowed operators in different coun-
tries to easily exchange informationand
coordinate responses, thus adding an
incident management capability to the
CIMACT platform.
It is interesting to observe that the
9/11 attack response was hampered
by the fact that “NEADS did not know
where to send the alert fighter aircraft.[1]
”
The incident management capability
caters for this particular real-time relay
of information.
Still, as stated previously, enabling
coordination and information sharing
might just add to the workload. A more
active approach seemed required and
since actively monitoring all flights in
sovereign airspace is a near to impossi-
ble task, a solution was sought in estab-
lishing security nets.
It was in this context that a first
security net concept was demonstrated
to the CAI programme manager with-
in NATO. This demonstration, how-
ever, could offer tangible results only
because of the presence of regular-
ly updated information, which includ-
ed sufficient flight profile information
that could be monitored (current flight
plan, cleared flight levels, present/next
SSR, etc.). Obtaining this information is
where today’s challenges lie.
The Next Step
Today’s ANSP systems are “closed”
and do not readily offer this informa-
tion to the extent needed. Of course,
interoperability regulation ensures that
a certain inter-center level of informa-
tion is available but access to intra-cen-
ter information is not readily dissem-
inated. It often takes special legacy
interfaces to extract actual flight profile
information as defined by the ATCO
that is currently controlling the flight
from today’s ANSP systems.
Within the scope of SESAR IOP-G
groundwork is laid for harmonizing
such information streams by disclos-
ing real-time 4D trajectory info (Flight
Objects) in a networked environment
(SWIM/PENS). By giving the military
access to this environment the possi-
bility arises to fully transfer the respon-
sibility of security related activities to
the military domain[6]
.
The Global ATM Security
Management Project funded by the
EU might offer the means to further
develop above security nets and estab-
lish real-time information gathering by
liaising with the SESAR IOP-G work-
groups. Within the GAMMA scope, the
incident management capabilities will
be expanded even further, bridging
the information sharing gap between
air defense organizations and ANSPs[8]
.
Additional security nets can expedite
responses and reduce the dependency
on civil ATCO vigilance.
Author’s Note
This article is not meant as a scientific
paper but is meant to be informational
and expresses the author’s viewpoint
on the topic. The author aims to estab-
lish wider awareness and promote a
Civil ATCOs play a crucial role in
supporting national security.
Interceptors during “Vigilant Skies”
NATIONAL SECURITY
PhotoscourtesyofWalterStrijland
The Journal of Air Traffic Control 53
6. common agreement on broadening ways for multi-stake-
holder cooperation to support national security organisa-
tions in coping with their challenges.
Walter Strijland has been working in the area of civil-
military Cooperation since 1994 starting with ADMAR
2000. As a founding partner of 42 Solutions, a Dutch IT
solution provider, he and co-founder Bert Brouwer have
supported and worked on several European initiatives in
the scope of security. Their work on CIMACT formed the
foundation of what later became the CAI system. 42 Solutions
endeavors to continue their work on the development of
incident management and security net capabilities within
the scope of GAMMA. They have developed a wide-area
situational display that allows for global coordination.
References
[1.] The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National
Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11
Report), July 22, 2004, U.S. Government Printing Office
[2.] MH370 Preliminary Report, 2014, Ministry of Transport Malaysia
[3.] Safety Nets Ensuring Effectiveness Guide, 2012, EUROCONTROL
[4.] ICAO CIR-330 AN/189 Civil/Military Cooperation in Air Traffic
Management, 2011, ICAO [5] CAI Fact Sheet for the Media, 2011,
PANSA
[5.] CAI Fact Sheet for the Media, 2011, PANSA
[6.] Roadmap on Enhanced Civil-Military CNS Interoperability and
Technology Convergence, 2013, EUROCONTROL
[7] https://www.eurocontrol.int/services/civil-military-atm-co-ordina
tion-tool-cimact
[8] http://www.gamma-project.eu/
Concept gamma contribution
NATIONAL SECURITY
IllustrationcourtesyofWalterStrijland
Winter 201454
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