Pratyahara involves withdrawing the senses from external objects to control the mind. Dharana focuses the mind on a single point, such as the breath or a visual object. Dhyana is a state of sustained focus where the object of meditation flows uninterrupted through awareness. Samadhi is the deepest state of meditation where the subject and object become one and distinctions are lost, resulting in liberation from samsara. There are different types of samadhi, including samprajnatha involving subtle objects and asamprajnatha, the ultimate goal where all mental processes cease.

1. Astanga yoga-part2

2. Pratyahara
• स्वववषयासम्प्रयोगे चित्तस्वरूपानुकार
इवेन्द्रियाणाां रत्याहार: ||
• Act of self control
• Bridge between antaranga & bahiranga yoga
• In pratyahara,we are trying to reduce the
affinity towards objects

3. • शब्दानन ववषयान् पञ्ि मनश्िैवानि िञ्िलम ् |
चिरियेदात्मनो रश्मीन् रत्याहार: स उच्यिे ||
-Mind wavers due to union with sense objects
-Thinking about self is callled pratyaahara
-By practise of pratyahara, sense organs are
under complete control of mind

4. Dharana
• Process of withdrawing of mind from senses
and its blending with soul is DHARANA
• देशबरधचित्तस्य धारणा ||(यो.द.३/१)
• when mind is localized within a location
• In dharana single object & single thought

5. • In dharana,after withdrawal of sense organs
from sense objects,person concentrates on
specific objects,person concentrates on a
single object or thought
• Then binds his mind with that particular
aim.this concentration is known as dharana
• मन: सांकल्पक
ां ध्यात्वा सांक्षिप्यात्मनन
बुद्चधमान् धारनयत्वा िथात्मानां धारणां
पररकीनिििा||(amrtanadopanishad)

6. Dhyana
• Dhyana is a stage of defocusing
• According to patanjali,the unbroken flow of
awareness in that object is dhyana
• During dhyana,practitioner will be able to
visualize or imagine on the object without any
effort or strain
• ित्र रत्ययैकिानिा ध्यानां ||(प.यो.सू.३/२)

7. • Types
-Saguna dhyanam
-Nirguna dhyanam

8. • Saguna dhyanam-:
-Meditation by concentrating over idol or
symbol
-Controlling breathing and concentrating over
desired God in the mind for 60 ghatika.This will
endow practitioner with Asta aishwarya

9. • Nirguna dhyanam-:
-Meditation by concentrating over soul
-The person practising nirguna dhyanam can
attain samadhi within 12 days
-As water takes shape of its container, the mind
when it contemplates an object of thought,
blends so well that there is no interruption in
flow of thought

10. Samadhi
• It is the deep state of meditation where yogi
forgets about everything including himself
,unaware of surroundings
• समाधीयिे चित्तमनेन इनि समाचध |
िदेवाथिमात्रननर्ािसां स्वरूपशूरयममव समाचध: ||
In meditation,subject of dhyana & act of dhyana
are separate.In samadhi act is one with object
itself.

11. • Types-:
-Samprajnatha samadhi
-Asamprajatha samadhi

12. • Samprajnatha samadhi
When yogi attains samadhi,subsequently he
gets atma sakshatkara(knowledge about self)
Where all chittavrtti is lost and mind becomes
ekagra
It has 4 stages
वविक
ि वविारानरदान्द्स्मिारूपानुगमाि् |(यो.द.१७)

13. • Vitarkanugatha-Concentration over physical
gross item.Eg.Idol of god
• Vicharungatha-On estarts to concentrate on
subtle aspects
• Anandanugata-concentrate on subtler aspect
• Asmitanugatha-Subject of thought is only
ahamkara

14. • Asamprajnatha samadhi
ववरामरत्ययाभ्यास पूवि सांस्कार शेषोऽरय:
|(यो.द.१/१८)
-Also called nirbheeja samadhi
-Condition where all chittavrttis are completely
blocked
-No desire for wordly pleasures
-Mind is completely ekagra

15. Effect of samadhi
• पाशान् नित्वा यथा हांसो ननवविशङ्क खमुत्पिेि् |
निरनपाशस्िथा जीव: सांसार िरिे सदा |
यथा ननवािण काले िु दीपो दग्धध्वा लयां ्रजजेि् |
िथा सवािणण कमािणण योगी दग्धध्वा लयां ्रजजेि् ||

16. • As hamsa flies in the sky by breaking the
bonds,similarly jeeva breaks away the bonds
and become one with the universe
• As wick in the lamp gets burnt at the end of
burning,similarly all previous deeds of yogi get
destroyed at the time of liberation