Varanasi, also known as Benares, is an ancient city situated on the banks of the Ganges river in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the holiest places in Hinduism and is a major religious hub, attracting pilgrims and tourists from around the world. The city has a long history dating back to the 12th century BC and has influenced Indian culture for centuries. It faces challenges related to urbanization, pollution, waste management and traffic congestion but there are ongoing efforts through various plans and initiatives to make Varanasi a more sustainable, livable and prosperous city while preserving its rich cultural heritage.