Assessment of Learning 2 - Characteristics of the 21st Century Assessment - CTTO

1. Forms of Visual
Arts
Presented by: Group 4

2. Drawing and its history
Definition
is a form of visual art that makes use of any number of drawing
instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium.
An artist who practices or works in drawing may be called a draughtsman
or draftsman.

3. History of Drawing
Sketches and paintings have been produced since prehistoric times, as
shown by cave and rock paintings
By the 12th to 13th centuries B.C., monks were preparing illuminated
manuscripts on vellum and parchment in monasteries throughout Europe
and were using lead styli (plural of stylus – a pointy drawing thingy) to
draw lines for their writings and for the outlines for their illuminations.
Soon artists were using silver to make drawings and underdrawings.
Initially they used and re-used wooden tablets that were primed for these
drawings.
​
When paper became more available, from the 14th century on, artists'
drawings, both studies and finished works, became common.

4. Drawings were used to record ceremonial events
and rituals
Drawings of dancing and hunting men and
women from the Mulgura caves near Bulgaria.
From various periods from Neolithic to the
Bronze Age. (12,000 to 5,000 years ago)
Cave drawings from Lascaux, France from 15,000
years ago (Paleolithic era). Used as part of a ‘pep-
rally’ type ritual to prepare for the hunt.

5. Clay Tablets
The Ancient world: Syria and Eqypt

6. Greece:
The Disc of Phaistos. It is Minoan (from the Island
of Crete, Greece) from the 2nd millenium B.C.E. It is
two sided and has images stamped on it in a spiral
sectioned into small portions, each signifying a
concept. It has not yet been transferred.
Illumination
This is the Book of Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux:
Arrest of Jesus and Annunciation. It is from 1325
C.E. It would have hand drawn images done in
lead or silver by stylus down by a monk. The
support is vellum, not paper.

7. 2nd century C.E. saw the invention of paper but it wasn’t widely available
to Europe until the 13th century or so.
It was dramatically cheaper than vellum, easier to work than clay and it
accepted a greater variety of media.
Paper!
Renaissance
-With plentiful paper, artists used drawing as a
preparatory or study medium such as those done at
autopsies to learn the human form.
Leonardo Da Vinci, The Principal Organs and Vascular and Urino-
Genital Systems of a Woman, c. 1507

8. &
Leonardo Davinci

9. He work is masterful in its use of line and value
to show form. Even the simplest contour line
evokes the third dimension and elegant
movement
Modernism
Picasso made many drawings, some were
studies but many were works unto themselves.
His work varies from rough and gestural to
simple and contour-driven. He often blended his
points of view into a singular image.
Michael Angelo
Study for Adam (Sistine Chapel Ceiling)
Woman Sleeping, Picasso, 1952

10. American Modernism
Egon Schiele
Sitting Woman with Legs Drawn Up

11. Overview of Drawing
Drawing started as a record of ritual, became a record of laws and history. It
grew into a way to study what the artist saw before he/she painted a polished
masterpiece. It then became expressive gestures and lines with psychological
tension and meaning.

12. Art Materials/Tools
1. Cartridge paper
2. Grid paper
3. Cardboard sheet
4. Pencil
5. Pastel
6. Charcoal
7. Crayon
8. Eraser
9. Drawing board
10. Poster colour
11. Water colour
12. Oil paint
13. Palette
14. Brush
15.Turpentine
16. Fabric
17. Tape rule
18. Glue
19. Camera
20. Chisel
21. Spatula or Palette Knife

13. Thank
You!