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This document discusses the development of the Basque educational system's assessment capabilities. It notes that historically the system focused on inputs like curriculum rather than outputs like student performance. Large-scale student assessments only began in the late 1990s/early 2000s. The Basque Assessment and Research Institute was created in 2001 to conduct international, national, and regional assessments. These assessments provide data on student performance but have limitations as they are based on samples rather than assessing all students. The document argues that assessing all students is necessary to hold schools accountable and help them improve based on their specific results and circumstances.











