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2
Journal and Authors
•"Spine" is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical
journal covering research in the field of
orthopaedics, especially concerning the spine.
SPINE : 척추!!
3
Journal and Authors
Authors
Michael Von Korff
•Chronic Illness Management
•Chronic Pain
•Mental Health
Mark P Jensen
•Chronic Pain
•Pain Management
•Pain Assessment
University of Washington Seattle
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Paul Karoly
•Health Psychology
•Clinical Psychology
Arizona State University
Department of Psychology
Group Health Research Institute
4
Why This Article?
PHR 암재활 파일럿 실험
• 통증을 느낌
• 아픈 곳을 만짐
• 아픈 소리("아야야")를 냄
-> '느낌’인 부종을 어떻게 입력 받아야 할까?
•부종과 유사한 성격의 '통증’의 표현, 평가 방식에 대해 알아보자.
•실험 결과 :
- 의료진 :"부종 기록이 매우 유용해요." <-> 환자 :"부종 입력이 쉽지 않다."
• 통증을 토대로 증상을 파악
• 증상, 정도에 따라 적절한 처방
"?"
•실험 방법 : 피험자가 기록한 일상의 부종 정보를 외래 시 의료진에게 제공
5
Overview
Severity
-VRS, VAS, NRS
Experience
2. Brief Pain Measures
Pain Intensity
Pain Affect
Pain Intensity
Interference With Activities
Chronicity
SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale
Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS)
-VRS, VAS, (MPQ) ,POM
1. Assessing
Pain
6
Assessing Pain Severity
Severity
•Pain Intensity
•Interference With Activities
•Chronicity
1. Assessing
Pain
*focused on back pain
- Measured using scales composed of
•yes-no question
•verbal rating scales ex) mobility, dressing, sitting …
•numerical rating scales
•the number of days activities have been limited by
pain
- Chronic pain causes
•depression
•pain-related disability
•frequency of physician visits for pain
•days of use of opioids(진통제)
- There is a need for further research on assessment of
the chronicity or persistence of pain
Severity
Experience
7
Assessing Pain Experience
Experience
" How the subjective experience of pain should be measured? "
•통증 기록 (생물학적)통증 수용=
- 환자는 열심히 기록하지만, 과연 그 기록이 고통의 경험을 정확하게 반영하는가?
•시간, 방법 면에서 종합된 평가가 오류를 줄일 수 있다.
- aggregated pain measures are more reliable, sensitive than single item.
•actual average pain :

환자가 "느끼고 있는" 통증을 긴 시간에 걸쳐 수집하고 평균을 내는 것이, 기억 회상보다 정확하다.
- but this is often not practical in clinical practice or health service research.
•Experience as multidimensional
- Intensity + affect
- distinct but correlated with each other ; 키-체중 의 관계처럼.
1. Assessing
Pain
Severity
Experience
8
Assessing Pain Experience
•Verbal Rating Scales (VRS)
Pain Intensity
•Visual Analog Scales (VAS)
•Numerical Rating Scales (NRS)
Severity
Experience
Pain Intensity
Pain Affect
1. Assessing
Pain
- 고통 강도의 단계를 설명하는 형용사 목록에서 자신의 고통 단
계에 해당하는 단어를 선택
- 환자가 체감하는 No-Mild / Mild-Moderate 사이의 간격이
같지 않다.
- 10cm 길이의 수직선 상에서 자신의 고통 강도에 해당하는 점
을 선택 (보통 1mm 단위)
- ratio data로 사용 가능하다.
ex) intensity 표시를 60 -> 30 일 때, 실제 느끼는 감각도 절반.
- 0~10 까지 11개의 점 중에서 자신의 고통 강도에 해당하는 점
을 선택
- 묻고 답하기 쉽다.
-통증의 강도
9
Assessing Pain Experience
Pain Intensity -통증의 강도
10
Assessing Pain Experience
Pain Affect
Severity
Experience
Pain Intensity
Pain Affect
1. Assessing
Pain
-통증 경험에서 비롯된 감정적인 느낌
• VRS
•Pain-O-Meter (POM)
• VAS
11
Assessing Pain Experience
Pain Affect
• VRS
•Pain-O-Meter (POM)
• VAS
Severity
Experience
Pain Intensity
Pain Affect
1. Assessing
Pain
•McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
- First proper self-report pain measuring instrument.
- Still the most widely used.
- 1~20 : How does your pain feel like?
- 해당 형용사에 1~5로 강도 표시
- sensory (1~10): physically
- affective (11~15): emotionally
- evaluation (16): pain experience
- miscellaneous (17~20)
- PPI : How strong your pain?
- 6-point verbal rating scale
- How does your pain change with time?
- pattern of the pain
- Where is your pain?
- E (external), I (internal) , EI (both)
12
Assessing Pain Experience
Pain Affect
• VRS
•Pain-O-Meter (POM)
• VAS
Severity
Experience
Pain Intensity
Pain Affect
1. Assessing
Pain
- brief version of the MPQ affective scale.
- mechanical VAS + 11 words (from MPQ PRI)
- patients indicate which of 11 words may used to describe the pain
- each word has an intensity value associated with it.(range, 1~5)
- > Total score
- Strengths
- reliable, and sensitive ( analgesic treatment : 진통제 처방)
- discriminate patients with acute myocardial infraction(심근경색)
from not diagnosed.

(with diagnosed reported a much higher affective component)
- Weakness
- It may be less strongly related to other measures of affective
disturbance.
-통증 경험에서 비롯된 감정적인 느낌
13
Brief Pain Measures
Brief Pain Measures review
•SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale
•Graded Chronic Pain Scale
•well-studied brief pain measures
- may be used in clinical or health services research
•assess both pain intensity and interference
with daily activities due to pain
=> an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment
of global pain severity
Severity
Experience
1. Assessing Pain
2. Brief Pain Measures
14
Brief Pain Measures
Brief Pain Measures review
•SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale •Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS)
15
Discussion
Severity
-VRS, VAS, NRS
Experience
2. Brief Pain Measures
Pain Intensity
Pain Affect
Pain Intensity
Interference With Activities
Chronicity
SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale
Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS)
-VRS, VAS, (MPQ) ,POM
1. Assessing Pain
검증된 평가 문항을 통해 피험자로부터 이전의 부종 기록 중 통증에
대한 정보를 얻을 수 있을까?
만성 통증 평가에 대한 체계적인 분류
통증 평가의 장,단점을 파악하고 이를 부종 평가에 활용할 수 있을까?
- 기능평가, 체수분량 같은 정확한 데이터는 아니지만, 

환자의 상황을 판단할 수 있는 근거 자료로써 활용 가능성
PHR 암재활 파일럿 실험
통증과 차별되는 부종의 특성은 어떤 것이 있을까?

그런 특성은 어떻게 수집할 수 있을까?
간단한 통증 평가 방법의 타당성, 신뢰성 검증
감사합니다.

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Assessing Global Pain Severity by Self-Report in Clinical and Health Services Research

  • 1.
  • 2. 2 Journal and Authors •"Spine" is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in the field of orthopaedics, especially concerning the spine. SPINE : 척추!!
  • 3. 3 Journal and Authors Authors Michael Von Korff •Chronic Illness Management •Chronic Pain •Mental Health Mark P Jensen •Chronic Pain •Pain Management •Pain Assessment University of Washington Seattle Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Paul Karoly •Health Psychology •Clinical Psychology Arizona State University Department of Psychology Group Health Research Institute
  • 4. 4 Why This Article? PHR 암재활 파일럿 실험 • 통증을 느낌 • 아픈 곳을 만짐 • 아픈 소리("아야야")를 냄 -> '느낌’인 부종을 어떻게 입력 받아야 할까? •부종과 유사한 성격의 '통증’의 표현, 평가 방식에 대해 알아보자. •실험 결과 : - 의료진 :"부종 기록이 매우 유용해요." <-> 환자 :"부종 입력이 쉽지 않다." • 통증을 토대로 증상을 파악 • 증상, 정도에 따라 적절한 처방 "?" •실험 방법 : 피험자가 기록한 일상의 부종 정보를 외래 시 의료진에게 제공
  • 5. 5 Overview Severity -VRS, VAS, NRS Experience 2. Brief Pain Measures Pain Intensity Pain Affect Pain Intensity Interference With Activities Chronicity SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) -VRS, VAS, (MPQ) ,POM 1. Assessing Pain
  • 6. 6 Assessing Pain Severity Severity •Pain Intensity •Interference With Activities •Chronicity 1. Assessing Pain *focused on back pain - Measured using scales composed of •yes-no question •verbal rating scales ex) mobility, dressing, sitting … •numerical rating scales •the number of days activities have been limited by pain - Chronic pain causes •depression •pain-related disability •frequency of physician visits for pain •days of use of opioids(진통제) - There is a need for further research on assessment of the chronicity or persistence of pain Severity Experience
  • 7. 7 Assessing Pain Experience Experience " How the subjective experience of pain should be measured? " •통증 기록 (생물학적)통증 수용= - 환자는 열심히 기록하지만, 과연 그 기록이 고통의 경험을 정확하게 반영하는가? •시간, 방법 면에서 종합된 평가가 오류를 줄일 수 있다. - aggregated pain measures are more reliable, sensitive than single item. •actual average pain :
 환자가 "느끼고 있는" 통증을 긴 시간에 걸쳐 수집하고 평균을 내는 것이, 기억 회상보다 정확하다. - but this is often not practical in clinical practice or health service research. •Experience as multidimensional - Intensity + affect - distinct but correlated with each other ; 키-체중 의 관계처럼. 1. Assessing Pain Severity Experience
  • 8. 8 Assessing Pain Experience •Verbal Rating Scales (VRS) Pain Intensity •Visual Analog Scales (VAS) •Numerical Rating Scales (NRS) Severity Experience Pain Intensity Pain Affect 1. Assessing Pain - 고통 강도의 단계를 설명하는 형용사 목록에서 자신의 고통 단 계에 해당하는 단어를 선택 - 환자가 체감하는 No-Mild / Mild-Moderate 사이의 간격이 같지 않다. - 10cm 길이의 수직선 상에서 자신의 고통 강도에 해당하는 점 을 선택 (보통 1mm 단위) - ratio data로 사용 가능하다. ex) intensity 표시를 60 -> 30 일 때, 실제 느끼는 감각도 절반. - 0~10 까지 11개의 점 중에서 자신의 고통 강도에 해당하는 점 을 선택 - 묻고 답하기 쉽다. -통증의 강도
  • 9. 9 Assessing Pain Experience Pain Intensity -통증의 강도
  • 10. 10 Assessing Pain Experience Pain Affect Severity Experience Pain Intensity Pain Affect 1. Assessing Pain -통증 경험에서 비롯된 감정적인 느낌 • VRS •Pain-O-Meter (POM) • VAS
  • 11. 11 Assessing Pain Experience Pain Affect • VRS •Pain-O-Meter (POM) • VAS Severity Experience Pain Intensity Pain Affect 1. Assessing Pain •McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) - First proper self-report pain measuring instrument. - Still the most widely used. - 1~20 : How does your pain feel like? - 해당 형용사에 1~5로 강도 표시 - sensory (1~10): physically - affective (11~15): emotionally - evaluation (16): pain experience - miscellaneous (17~20) - PPI : How strong your pain? - 6-point verbal rating scale - How does your pain change with time? - pattern of the pain - Where is your pain? - E (external), I (internal) , EI (both)
  • 12. 12 Assessing Pain Experience Pain Affect • VRS •Pain-O-Meter (POM) • VAS Severity Experience Pain Intensity Pain Affect 1. Assessing Pain - brief version of the MPQ affective scale. - mechanical VAS + 11 words (from MPQ PRI) - patients indicate which of 11 words may used to describe the pain - each word has an intensity value associated with it.(range, 1~5) - > Total score - Strengths - reliable, and sensitive ( analgesic treatment : 진통제 처방) - discriminate patients with acute myocardial infraction(심근경색) from not diagnosed.
 (with diagnosed reported a much higher affective component) - Weakness - It may be less strongly related to other measures of affective disturbance. -통증 경험에서 비롯된 감정적인 느낌
  • 13. 13 Brief Pain Measures Brief Pain Measures review •SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale •Graded Chronic Pain Scale •well-studied brief pain measures - may be used in clinical or health services research •assess both pain intensity and interference with daily activities due to pain => an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of global pain severity Severity Experience 1. Assessing Pain 2. Brief Pain Measures
  • 14. 14 Brief Pain Measures Brief Pain Measures review •SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale •Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS)
  • 15. 15 Discussion Severity -VRS, VAS, NRS Experience 2. Brief Pain Measures Pain Intensity Pain Affect Pain Intensity Interference With Activities Chronicity SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) -VRS, VAS, (MPQ) ,POM 1. Assessing Pain 검증된 평가 문항을 통해 피험자로부터 이전의 부종 기록 중 통증에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있을까? 만성 통증 평가에 대한 체계적인 분류 통증 평가의 장,단점을 파악하고 이를 부종 평가에 활용할 수 있을까? - 기능평가, 체수분량 같은 정확한 데이터는 아니지만, 
 환자의 상황을 판단할 수 있는 근거 자료로써 활용 가능성 PHR 암재활 파일럿 실험 통증과 차별되는 부종의 특성은 어떤 것이 있을까?
 그런 특성은 어떻게 수집할 수 있을까? 간단한 통증 평가 방법의 타당성, 신뢰성 검증