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Confident, equal and proud?  Adrienne N. Girling, James H. Liu & Colleen Ward   Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research Victoria University of Wellington,  New Zealand The barriers Asians face to equality in New Zealand
Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National Survey on Attitudes toward Immigrants, Immigration and Multiculturalism Source: Ward & Masgoret (2008)
Multi-cultural Ideology and Attitudes toward Immigrants   (% of agreement) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How should immigrants adapt? (% of agreement) Immigrants should give up their original  culture for the sake of adopting      21% New Zealand culture  Immigrants should maintain their original culture as long as they do not mix it    28% with NZ culture Immigrants should maintain their original culture while also adopting NZ culture   82%
Threat and Competition (% of agreement) Immigrants take jobs away from New  Zealanders     25% Allowing immigrant cultures to thrive  means that NZ culture is weakened    24%
It is a good thing for any society to be made up of people from different races, religions and cultures
Perceptions of Immigrant Groups
 
Asians in New Zealand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Attitudes Toward Asians and Asia
Perceptions of Immigrants Source: Ward & Stuart (2009)
Perceptions of Immigrants
Perceptions of Immigrants from Different Religious Backgrounds
Source: Asia:NZ Foundation, 2009
% of New Zealanders who say each will have a positive impact in the next 10-20 years Source: Asia:NZ Foundation, 2009
Source: Gendall, Spoonley & Trlin, 2007 Attitudes Toward Migrants  by Region of Origin
Source: UMR Research Ltd, 2009
Source: UMR Research Ltd, 2009
Ethnic Enclaves ,[object Object],[object Object]
More contact = More warmth ,[object Object],[object Object]
Asians’ Experiences of Discrimination Source: Asia:NZ Foundation, 2009
Migrants’ experiences of discrimination  by region of origin Source: Department of Labour, 2009 Percent
Source: Department of Labour, 2009
Harassment in Public ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Chang et al., 2009 & Meares et al., 2010b
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Kohner, 2009
International Students in Christchurch Source: Safer Students Campaign, 2009
 
Unequal Access to Employment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Source: Winkelmann & Winkelmann, 1998 NZ-born
Source: Statistics New Zealand, 2006 Census
Personal Experiences of Employment  Inequity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Basnayake, 1999
Experiences of Recruitment Professionals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Burns, 2000
“ I would say that 75 percent of clients we deal with discriminate when they describe what they want in an employee. Because the client pays us to find that employee, we in turn have to discriminate every day. It is morally and ethically against our views but the bottom line is the company ’ s needs. ”   Recruitment Consultant Source: Burns, 2000
Wearing Your Ethnicity on  Your Sleeve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Source: Asia:NZ Foundation, 2009
Coping with Discrimination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Satisfaction With Life  European  Māori Pacific Asian Very satisfied / satisfied with life overall  87.1 81.5 80.2 84.1
Quality of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When I look back at Hong Kong and compare it with here, I have no regrets …  when I go back to Hong Kong, I cannot see the air, the skyline …  and the stress …  here it is so quiet, you are able to talk …  Hong Kong, no way. Always busy, busy, busy! ”     Migrant in Auckland Source: Spoonley & Meares, 2009
Identity Strategies for Kiwi Chinese  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Liu & Moughan, 2010
Identity Strategies for First Generation Chinese Migrants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chinese Expectations/Social Control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Lack of Self-Direction as Youth in China ,[object Object],[object Object]
Kiwi Freedom ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Importance of Social Inclusion  and Cohesion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where Do We Go From Here? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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The barriers Asians face to equality in New Zealand

  • 1. Confident, equal and proud? Adrienne N. Girling, James H. Liu & Colleen Ward   Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand The barriers Asians face to equality in New Zealand
  • 2.
  • 3. National Survey on Attitudes toward Immigrants, Immigration and Multiculturalism Source: Ward & Masgoret (2008)
  • 4.
  • 5. How should immigrants adapt? (% of agreement) Immigrants should give up their original culture for the sake of adopting 21% New Zealand culture Immigrants should maintain their original culture as long as they do not mix it 28% with NZ culture Immigrants should maintain their original culture while also adopting NZ culture 82%
  • 6. Threat and Competition (% of agreement) Immigrants take jobs away from New Zealanders 25% Allowing immigrant cultures to thrive means that NZ culture is weakened 24%
  • 7. It is a good thing for any society to be made up of people from different races, religions and cultures
  • 9.  
  • 10.
  • 12. Perceptions of Immigrants Source: Ward & Stuart (2009)
  • 14. Perceptions of Immigrants from Different Religious Backgrounds
  • 16. % of New Zealanders who say each will have a positive impact in the next 10-20 years Source: Asia:NZ Foundation, 2009
  • 17. Source: Gendall, Spoonley & Trlin, 2007 Attitudes Toward Migrants by Region of Origin
  • 18. Source: UMR Research Ltd, 2009
  • 19. Source: UMR Research Ltd, 2009
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Asians’ Experiences of Discrimination Source: Asia:NZ Foundation, 2009
  • 23. Migrants’ experiences of discrimination by region of origin Source: Department of Labour, 2009 Percent
  • 24. Source: Department of Labour, 2009
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. International Students in Christchurch Source: Safer Students Campaign, 2009
  • 29.  
  • 30.
  • 31. Source: Winkelmann & Winkelmann, 1998 NZ-born
  • 32. Source: Statistics New Zealand, 2006 Census
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. “ I would say that 75 percent of clients we deal with discriminate when they describe what they want in an employee. Because the client pays us to find that employee, we in turn have to discriminate every day. It is morally and ethically against our views but the bottom line is the company ’ s needs. ” Recruitment Consultant Source: Burns, 2000
  • 36.
  • 38.
  • 39. Satisfaction With Life European Māori Pacific Asian Very satisfied / satisfied with life overall 87.1 81.5 80.2 84.1
  • 40.
  • 41. When I look back at Hong Kong and compare it with here, I have no regrets … when I go back to Hong Kong, I cannot see the air, the skyline … and the stress … here it is so quiet, you are able to talk … Hong Kong, no way. Always busy, busy, busy! ” Migrant in Auckland Source: Spoonley & Meares, 2009
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.