This document summarizes scenarios for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REALU) in Peru. It provides background on Peru's forests and deforestation rates. It also discusses developing strategies to promote sustainable forest management, assessing carbon stocks in different land uses, defining deforestation and degradation, and addressing land tenure rights and governance challenges to mitigate external drivers of deforestation. The document models future deforestation trajectories and costs of mitigation opportunities to inform multi-stakeholder negotiations around REDD+ initiatives in Peru.

1. Scenarios for REALU in Peru
Glenn Hyman and William Vivanco

2. Content
• Background
• Carbon stocks
• Land use
• Rights and governance
• Scenarios
• Multi-stakeholder negotiation

3. 72 million hectares
of natural forests
Natural forest 72 million ha
Coast 2,8 million ha
Highlands 1,8 million ha
Tropical forest 67,2 million ha
Areas for plantation 10 million ha
Total population 25 million
Total surface 1.29 million km2
2.9 ha/per
capita
Peru overview

4. R.D.del Congo
Fuente: FAO, 2001
(3, 856 millones de ha)
64.1
69.8
105.0
135.2
158.1
163.5
226.0
244.6
532.5
851.4
71.9
India
Angola
Perú
Indonesia
Australia
China
EE.UU.
Canadá
Brasil
Rusia
9th
WORLD SURFACE IN NATURAL FOREST
(2000)
Peru occupies the ninth place in the world

5. MAIN COUNTRIES WITH HIGH BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE World
ECUADOR 297ZAIRE 216INDIA 1200INDIA 350
PERU 365CHINA 261BOLIVIA 1250COLOMBIA 359
COLOMBIA 383INDONESIA 270VENEZUELA 1275CHINA 394
INDIA 453MEXICO 282ECUADOR 1447ZAIRE 409
BRASIL 467PERU 332INDONESIA 1519BRASIL 428
INDONESIA 600ECUADOR 358BRASIL 1622MEXICO 449
AUSTRALIA 686COLOMBIA 407COLOMBIA 1721PERU 460
MEXICO 717BRASIL 516PERU 1800INDONESIA 515
REPTILESANFIBIOSAVESMAMIFEROS
1º place in birds.
2º place in mammals.
2º place lugar in fishes.
4º place in anfibians.
7º place in reptiles.
Peru has 25000 especies de plantas (30% are
endémic species)
PERÚ
Megadiverse
country

6. Forest plantations
0.7 Mill Ha
Natural forest for harvest
24.0 mill. Ha
Forest for Protectión of River basin
4.0 Mill Ha
Indigenous people forest)
18.0 Mill Ha
Natural Protected Areas (ANP).
19.0 Mill. Ha
Forest classification
Local forest (colonizer)
6,0 Mill. Ha

7. Deforestatión
160,000 ha /year
- Agriculture and other use
90% of deforestation for migratory
agriculture and use as firewood.
- Ilegal logging
Mainly in native comunities
Firewood for agriculture
Main Problems related with
Forest Management

8. Peru deforestation projections
Year
Forest
(Sq.Km) Deforested (Sq.Km)
Annual rate of
change (%) % Deforested
2001 661,562.37 65,348.77 0 0.10
2005 656,625.64 70,285.51 1.51 0.11
2010 649,802.15 77,108.99 1.94 0.12
2015 642,419.04 84,492.11 1.91 0.13
2020 634,524.26 92,386.89 1.87 0.15
2025 626,277.71 100,633.43 1.79 0.16
2030 617,651.42 109,259.72 1.71 0.18
2035 608,685.35 118,225.79 1.64 0.19
2040 599,379.51 127,531.64 1.57 0.21
2045 589,765.87 137,145.28 1.51 0.23
2050 579,904.39 147,006.75 1.44 0.25
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
% Forested
AMAZON INITIATIVE MAP SERVER (IAViewer © 2010)
Peru - Estimated Future Deforestation (2001 - 2030)
http://www.iamazonica.org.br/IAViewer - Deforestation Module
Source: Modeling conservation in the Amazon basin. © G&B Moore Foundation / LBA SIMAmazonia Project, led by
Soares-Filho B. S. et al. 2006.

9. Social Impacts
Extreme rural poverty
of surrounding
communities

10. Objective :
To promote sustainable forest
management
Main Work area:
EEA Pucallpa - Ucayali
SEEA San Bernardo – Madre de
Dios
EEA San Roque – Loreto
EEA El Porvenir – San Martin
INIA: AMAZON JOBS
Peruvian Amazon

11. Main INIA Actions on Climate Change
1. Development of agroforestry technologies
2. Transfer technology to local farmers
3. Installation of germplasm banks for forest species
4. Promotion of the use of Forest species with
Economic potential
5. Studies on carbon stocks in different land use
types

12. REALU

13. Carbon stock dynamics

14. Deforestation and degradation
"... a problem of terminology??
Deforestation
Degradation
1. A review of definitions on forests,
deforestation and degradation
(M.Rugnitz Tito and Julio Ugarte)

15. Trees in non-
forest areas
C-stock
assessment
Global map (Zomer et al. 2009) overlaid on
Aguaytia forest map

16. Manual for
measuring
carbon stocks
on small
farms: towards
improved
accounting for
REALU

17. Land use, livelihoods

18. Pucallpa Land Use Workshop:
developing the land use legend

19. First products
Recent, coherent, distortion reduced imagery
Raw ETM+ data Uncorrected ETM+ Mosaic
*Sensor gaps closed *cloud cover reduced *atmospheric errors minimized
Corrected ETM+ Mosaic

20. First results
Comparison between visual and digital image
classification
Land cover map based on
visual interpretation
Image Mosaic (2009-
2010)
Land cover map based on
digital classification

21. • maps available in Google Maps
• Validations points linked with Google Fusion tables
• platforms for participation in land use assessment
and validation
Photos and GPS points
Taken in the field
Field work: making and validating maps

22. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
?

23. Rights, governance, control over
external drivers

24. Training REALU
Workshop : Value
Chains REDD 2009

25. Map REDD actors, emphasizing the institutions
Ucayali

26. Results: Perceptions on the distribution of REDD
benefits in Ucayali
Fuente: Velarde, SJ. 2009.
Líneas de base claras

27. The State’s eminent domain on natural resources
The State’s “eminent domain” means that the State has eminent control
over natural resources which are National Patrimony. The State does
not own natural resources, but exercise eminent domain on them, and
thus on the goods and products offered by them until they are
granted as concession or other schemes, in accordance with the law. The
State is responsible for the resources management on behalf of the
Nation. The State is responsible for ensuring that such use is conducted
under the provisions of the relevant legislation. The state cannot "trade"
the natural resources, but it may grant rights to third parties for their
sustainable use according to pertinent law.
2. A legal review of access to resources, tenure and possible REDD related conflicts in
Peru (JL Capella, M Sandoval, S Velarde)

28. Scenarios

29. Accessibility Travel time
Digital Elevation Model
Annual Precipitation
Geomorphology
Soils
Land change modeling
Deforestation = f (x * y * z……)

30. EL COSTO DE
OPORTUNIDAD DE
EVITAR LAS EMISIONES
PRODUCIDAS
POR LA DEFORESTACIÓN
¿Cuánto valen las oportunidades
económicas
que los agricultores dejarían de
aprovechar
si es que redujeran las emisiones
producidas por la deforestación?

31. Negotiation

32. Outcomes:
+ Increased national partners capacity about REDD
and carbon accounting.
+ Increased awareness of national partners on the
differences between deforestation and degradation
+ Increased awareness about the importance of trees
on farms for carbon accounting in the Peruvian
Andean-Amazon
+ Testing methods for landscape carbon accounting in
the Amazon.

33. Current trajectory

34. High carbon stock
development pathway
Photos
courtesy of
Valentina