eef fef fd ffsdfsdf sdfs g sdgsgs dgs dgs e f df we fd f sd f ewf ds f dew f ds f ewf fd f dd e fd f e f d ve f df d f

1. 25%
41%
31%
1% 2%
ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR
IN %
industery
building
transport
other
agriculture
space heating
49%
water heating
20%
space cooling
10%
refrigeration
5%
lighting
5%
electronics
3%
wet cleaning
4%
cooking
4%
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR ENERGY
CONSUMPTION IN BUILDING SECTOR IN %
Fig 2
Global energy demand in buildings fell 1 per cent in 2020 to around 127 EJ[1]
Overall energy demand stands at 36 per cent, compared to 35 per cent in 2019. [1]
Fig 1

2. Thermal energy
storage
By technology
Sensible heat
Liquide
solid
Liquide gaseous
Solid -liquid
Solid –solid
Thermochemical
Thermal
chemical
Heat of reaction
By material
Water based
Phase change
material
Organic
Paraffin
compounds
Non paraffin
compound
Inorganic
Salt
Salt hydrates
metallic
Eutectic
Organic –
organic
Inorganic –
organic
Inorganic –
inorganic
Thermal energy storage in buildings
 Energy is consumed in the
form of heating and
cooling.
 The fluctuations in the demand
of energy for heating and
cooling occurs on a daily,
weekly and even on the
seasonal scale.
 Which can lead to load
peaks that are too high to
be met by the conventional
heating or cooling systems

3. PCM PCM properties Result Remark Encapsulation Materials condition Ref.
Paraffin wax Tm =44°C 1.Circular shape of brick capsulation 133%
2.increment peak timing shifting reduce to
temperature 5°C
cement block with
aluminium capsule
Square ,rectangle, circular Cement concrete sand Open environment Experimental and
mathematical setup
Iraq
2
OM35,
Eicosane
Tm =35°C
Tm =34–37°C
1. Temperature reduction of 4 °C–
9.5 °C
2. Heat transfer reduction 40-60%
PCM cement block Cuboid shape Cement concert
granular
Open condition
Experimental and mathematical setup
India
3
organic
paraffin
Tm =44°C 1.PCM concentration (5% in weight)
microcapsules 85-90%
2. 3 -5 mm diameter and a whole PCM
building energy efficiency applications, as
showed by means of the
3.IR-thermography.
Cement block and plastering Macro and micro shape in
cement and granular
Cement sand and
granular
Lab experiment and graphical
representation
Perugia (Italy)
5
PCM37,
PCM 43
Tm =35°C
Tm =34–37 °C
1.Use PCM ash compressive strength
15Mpa reduction to reference bricks
2.temperature 6°C setting time 50%refrence
3.higher reduce co2 emission reduce &
labour cost
Cement block and plastering Macro and micro shape with fly ash and
bottom ash cement
Lab and mathematical setup
India
6
coprah oil
GV23-26)
Tm = 47-49°C 1.compressive strength15Mpa 2.thermal
inertia, between 13.5% and 42.85%
Cement concrete building Mix capsulation Cement concrete
granular
Lab experiment& mathematical
analytics Algeria
7
PCFW Tm =20-30° 1.PCFW reduced
wall peak heat fluxes by as much as 38%
average space-cooling load was reduced by
2.Approximately 8.6% when 10% PCM was
applied and 10.8% when 20% PCM was
used
Cement concrete building Mix capsulation Construction material Open environment Experimental and
mathematical setup
USA
8
OM30,
OM35
OM46 OM
21
Tm =39°C
Tm =38°C
Tm =32°C
Tm = 21°C
1.Reduce higher cost air condoning is
(94.3% and 96.9 per annum hot and cold
climate
2.co2 emissions reduce 43
Cement concrete building Mix capsulation in cement
block
Proper construction
materials are use
Open environment Experimental setup
laboratory analysis of industrial setup
India (new Delhi)
9
A summary of lecturer revie on the thermal energy storage system PCM based building

4. PCM PCM
properties
Result Remark Encapsulation Materials condition Ref.
paraffin Tm =28°C 1.HTF flow and natural convection in PCM
on melting pattern.
2.Melting time decreases for smaller
capsules, higher HTF temperature and
velocity. Geometry model ,Phase change
model ,Fluid flow model.
Block make various shape Direct immersion in
cement
Sand concrete
granular
Open environment & mathematical
analytics India
13
Hydrated salt
(plus ICES15)
Tm = 35°C 1.tank reached 7 ◦C,
approximately 85% higher
2.slabs, the higher heat transfer surface area
achieves
3.higher discharging power fixed volume of
storage tank
Cooling ice Cement concrete
building
Block in cube ice storage Freezer store tank Lab experiment analytics with
prototype experimental setup
University of Lleida
10
Coconut oil Tm = 24°C 1.50% in the exposed surface area to
volume ratio
2.20% reduction building simulation tools
three-dimensional shapes cannot be
considered .
3. Coconut oil has a large mushy phase
period of around 9 K that therefore it
requires a large fluctuation of ambient
temperature between night and day.
PCM
cement block
Macro capsulation storage Cement and
construction material
LAB Experimental and mathematical
setup Germany
11
PEG60 Tm =40.3°C 1.shape-stabilized PCM (SSPCM) to check
thermal mechanical property various effect
of past data
PCM thermal property
leakage property
Micro macro and direct
immersion
Building material Lab Experimental and mathematical
setup Iran
12
Paraffin (C20-
C33 48–50)
Tm =38-43°C PPCM as an advanced solution to
improve buildings’ thermal energy, which
showed exciting
results.
Paraffine property check
shape-stabilized leakage
Macro capsulation building
material fin type material
Sand granular cement Lab Experimental and mathematical
setup Iran Al Amarah Cit
14
CH3(CH2)8CO
OH(Capric
acid)
Tm =25°C 1.thermal conductivity coefficient of the
mortar containing 30% composite PCM
decreased to 0.865 W/m.
2. PCM can save energy up to 100%
Bottom ash hydrate based
pcm
Stable composition Various type silica
and more material
Lab experiment turkey 15

5. Material
choose
Reference
brick size
have ready
Exact brick
size have
formulating
Capsulation
design ready
Shape of
capsulation
is ready
Heat
transfer flow
simulation
equation in
one
dimensional
heal flow
equation
are
calculation
Molding box
is ready
PCM
installed tin
capsulation
(WAIT FROM
INSTITUTE )
Proper
mixing ratio
cement and
agriculture
ash and fly
ash
Reading in
open
environment
heat transfer
rate time
Lage
temperature
decrement
At final
result to
measure to
associate
What are donning in our project in current stage

6. 15.Gencel, O., Hekimoğlu, G., Sarı, A., Sutcu, M., Er, Y., & Ustaoglu, A. (2021). A novel energy-
effective and carbon-emission reducing mortars with bottom ash and phase change material:
Physico-mechanical and thermal energy storage characteristics. Journal of Energy Storage, 44,
103325.
14.Wu, N., Liu, L., Yang, Z., Wu, Y., & Li, J. (2021). Design of Eutectic Hydrated Salt Composite
Phase Change Material with Cement for Thermal Energy Regulation of Buildings. Materials,
14(1), 139.
Figure 3: Classification of thermal energy storage systems (in red circles, the main
features of storage technologies investigated in this study) [14, 16] .
Fig 2 Source: ECA, based on Eurostat data on Final Energy
consumption
Fig 1;United Nations Environment Programme
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75015 Paris
France