Article on "Mugal Emperors"

1. `mcX Ncn-{X-¯nse apK-f-·mÀ

2. F.-Un. 1526 apXÂ 1556 hsc-bpÅ `mcX Ncn{Xw {][m--ambpw
taÂt¡m-bvabv¡p th-n S¶p apKÄ þ A^vKm³ aÕ-c-¯nsâ IY-
bm-Wv. 16-þmw qäm--nsâ Bcw-`-t¯msS C´y-bnse apÉo-§-fpsS B[n-
]-Xy-¯nsâ A´yw An-hm-cy-am-bn. Ah-cpsS ]gb Bth-ihpw
BÀPhpw A{]-Xy-£-am-bn. 1526-þse H¶mw ]mn-¸«v bp²-¯n Ah-
km-s¯ temZn cmPm-hmb C{_mlow temZnsb ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp¯n
_m_À C´y-bn apKÄ km{amPyw Øm]n-¨p. XpSÀ¶v lpa-bq¬.
AIv_À, Plmw-KoÀ, jmP-lm³, Hudw-K-ko_v XpS-§nb {]_-e-amb
cmPm-¡-·mÀ C´y `cn-¨p. apKÄ km{am-Pys¯ GIo-I-cn¨v Imcy-£-a-
amb Hcp `cW k{¼-Zmbw S-¸n-em-¡n-bXv AIv_À BWv.
_m_À (1526-þ1530)
kml-kn-Ipw bp²X{´-Ú-p-amb Hcp km{amPy
Øm]-I-m-bn-cp¶p _m_À. XpÀ¡n-I-fpsS cW-iq-y-X-
bp-sSbpw t]Àjy-¡m-cpsS kmwkvIm-cnI {]_p-²-X-bp-
sSbpw ]cym-b-am-bn-cp¶p At±-lw. km{amPy hnI-k
Ncn-{X-¯n Hcp kphÀ®-Imew {][mw sNbvX `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-
cp¶p _m_À.
lpa-bq¬ (1530-þ1556)
_m_-dpsS ac-W-¯np tijw At±-l-¯nsâ aq¯
]u{X-mb lpa-bq¬ cmPmhmbn. Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn¡v
th- {]mtbm-Kn-I-Úm-hpw {]hÀ¯ £a-Xbpw
At±-l-¯nv D-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. sjÀjm-bpsS ac-W-tijw A^vKm³
Im-cpsS AssIyw apX-se-Sp¯v lpa-bq¬ km{amPyw Xncn¨p ]nSn-¨p.
`mcX Ncn-{X-¯nse apK-f-·mÀ

3. AIv_À (1556-þ1605)
AIv_-dpsS `c-W-Imew C´ym Ncn-{X-¯nse
kp{]-[m--amb Hcp L«-am-bn-cp-¶p. UÂln-bnse
kp¯m³amcpw sjÀjbpw S-¸n hcp-¯nb `c-Ww-
hn-[m--§-fpsS amXrI Xs¶-bmWv AIv_dpw ]n³Xp-
SÀ¶-Xv. FÃm aX-§-tfmSpw kln-jvWpX ]peÀ¯n-bn-cp¶ `c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn-bm-bn-cp¶p AIv_À.
Plmw-KoÀ (1605-þ1627)
AIv_-dpsS ac-W-tijw Plmw-KoÀ cmPm-hm-bn.
sskn-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb Ign-hp-IÄ At±-l-¯nv
th-p-thm-f-ap--m-bn-cp-¶p. ]nXm-hnsâ b-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ
Xs¶ Plmw-Kodpw ]n³Xp-SÀ¶n-cp-¶p.
jmP-lm³ (1627-þ1658)
Plmw-Ko-dnsâ ac-W-s¯-¯p-SÀ¶v jmP-
lm³ cmPm-hm-bn. At±lw ]Iz-a-Xnbpw {]Xn`m
imenbpambn-cp-¶p. jmP-lmsâ `c-W-Im-e¯v
c-v el-f-IÄ S-¶n-cp-¶p. Cu el-f-Isf
hnP-b-I-c-ambn ASn-¨-aÀ¯m³ At±-l-¯nv
km[n-¨p. temI-¯nse k]vXm-`p-X-§-fn H¶mb XmPva-l ]Wn-I-gn-
¸n-¨Xv jmP-lm-m-Wv.
Hudw-K-tk_v (1658þ1707)
B{K ]nSn-¨-S¡n Xsâ ]nXm-hns XS-h-d-bn-em-¡n-b-
Xnp tijw 1658-þÂ Hudw-K-tk_v Ømm-tcm-lWw
sNbvXp. Hudw-K-tk-_nv tijw A[n-Im-c-¯n h¶ cmPm-
¡-·m-scÃmw ZpÀ_-ecpw Imcy-{]m]vXn CÃm-¯-h-cp-am-bn-cp-
¶p. AtXmsS apKÄ km{amPyw £bn-¡m³ XpS§n.