Suspension systems play an important role in vehicle safety, comfort, and lifespan. Advanced suspension systems use active and semi-active components to suit different driving conditions. Achieving an optimal suspension design requires decreasing sprung mass resonance frequency near 1 Hz to isolate road disturbances while decreasing unsprung mass frequency to around 10 Hz for stability. Semi-active systems adapt stiffness or damping based on demands, while active systems require adding external forces, making them more complex than semi-active suspensions. Ensuring safety requires integrating suspension control with braking systems to reduce stopping distances during emergencies by limiting tire vibration.
Coast Guard Logistics Information Management System (CG-LIMS)dan.p.taylor
The document introduces the Coast Guard Logistics Information Management System (CG-LIMS) project. CG-LIMS aims to modernize logistics information systems across the Coast Guard enterprise. It will be delivered in segments, starting with Configuration and Maintenance Management. CG-LIMS will properly integrate logistics systems with core accounting, connect maintenance and supply functions, and support deployed assets. It will also standardize product line management and be delivered through discrete segments from 2011-2017.
El documento resume las principales características del derecho financiero. Explica que el derecho financiero forma parte del derecho público y que tiene como objetivo evitar el abuso de fondos públicos. Luego describe las principales fuentes del derecho financiero como la constitución, las leyes, los reglamentos y los tratados internacionales. Finalmente, analiza las relaciones del derecho financiero con otras ramas del derecho como el constitucional, administrativo y tributario.
La Escuela Normal Experimental de El Fuerte "Profr. Miguel Castillo Cruz" con clave 25DNL0001-M, ubicada en Mazatlán, Sinaloa, publicó un documento sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la geografía escrito por Felipe Coronado Vázquez y Herrera Velarde Aimée del grupo 4-D 7o.
Derecho financiero el pago la compensación, la cofusión y la remisióngiovanna d andrea
1) El documento describe varios métodos de extinción de la relación jurídica tributaria, incluyendo el pago, la compensación, la confusión y la remisión. 2) Explica detalladamente el pago y la compensación como formas de extinguir la deuda tributaria, incluyendo definiciones, procedimientos y efectos. 3) También cubre la concesión de prórrogas y facilidades de pago por parte de la administración tributaria.
Hojita evangelio domingo iv to a serieNelson Gómez
COMUNIDAD PARROQUIAL NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOS DOLORES
MISA DOMINICAL NIÑOS PARA LA PASTORAL NIÑOS
PEREIRA 29 DE ENERO DE 2017, DOMINGO IV TO A
EVANGELIO SEGÚN SAN MATEO 5, 1-12a
Dichosos los pobres en el espíritu
PEREIRA – RISARALDA
COLOMBIA
2017
Coast Guard Logistics Information Management System (CG-LIMS)dan.p.taylor
The document introduces the Coast Guard Logistics Information Management System (CG-LIMS) project. CG-LIMS aims to modernize logistics information systems across the Coast Guard enterprise. It will be delivered in segments, starting with Configuration and Maintenance Management. CG-LIMS will properly integrate logistics systems with core accounting, connect maintenance and supply functions, and support deployed assets. It will also standardize product line management and be delivered through discrete segments from 2011-2017.
El documento resume las principales características del derecho financiero. Explica que el derecho financiero forma parte del derecho público y que tiene como objetivo evitar el abuso de fondos públicos. Luego describe las principales fuentes del derecho financiero como la constitución, las leyes, los reglamentos y los tratados internacionales. Finalmente, analiza las relaciones del derecho financiero con otras ramas del derecho como el constitucional, administrativo y tributario.
La Escuela Normal Experimental de El Fuerte "Profr. Miguel Castillo Cruz" con clave 25DNL0001-M, ubicada en Mazatlán, Sinaloa, publicó un documento sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la geografía escrito por Felipe Coronado Vázquez y Herrera Velarde Aimée del grupo 4-D 7o.
Derecho financiero el pago la compensación, la cofusión y la remisióngiovanna d andrea
1) El documento describe varios métodos de extinción de la relación jurídica tributaria, incluyendo el pago, la compensación, la confusión y la remisión. 2) Explica detalladamente el pago y la compensación como formas de extinguir la deuda tributaria, incluyendo definiciones, procedimientos y efectos. 3) También cubre la concesión de prórrogas y facilidades de pago por parte de la administración tributaria.
Hojita evangelio domingo iv to a serieNelson Gómez
COMUNIDAD PARROQUIAL NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOS DOLORES
MISA DOMINICAL NIÑOS PARA LA PASTORAL NIÑOS
PEREIRA 29 DE ENERO DE 2017, DOMINGO IV TO A
EVANGELIO SEGÚN SAN MATEO 5, 1-12a
Dichosos los pobres en el espíritu
PEREIRA – RISARALDA
COLOMBIA
2017
Hojita evangelio domingo iv to a bn on lineNelson Gómez
COMUNIDAD PARROQUIAL NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOS DOLORES
MISA DOMINICAL NIÑOS PARA LA PASTORAL NIÑOS
PEREIRA 29 DE ENERO DE 2017, DOMINGO IV TO A
EVANGELIO SEGÚN SAN MATEO 5, 1-12a
Dichosos los pobres en el espíritu
PEREIRA – RISARALDA
COLOMBIA
2017
La prescripción es un medio de extinción de la obligación tributaria que ocurre cuando el deudor queda liberado de su obligación después de cierto período de inacción por parte del Estado. Las deudas y sanciones pecuniarias prescriben a los 6 años desde que la deuda quedó firme, mientras que las sanciones restrictivas de libertad prescriben a los 6 años desde la comisión del ilícito, excepto para delitos de defraudación tributaria o enriquecimiento indebido. La prescripción no extingue la obligación en sí, sino que
El documento presenta una introducción al Derecho Tributario, definiendo conceptos clave como tributos, principios generales del Derecho Tributario como la legalidad, generalidad e igualdad, y la autonomía del Derecho Tributario. También distingue entre la parte general y especial del Derecho Tributario.
Los ingresos públicos son las entradas de dinero que recibe el Estado para financiar el gasto público y cumplir sus funciones. Estos incluyen impuestos, tasas, contribuciones especiales, precios públicos, multas, sanciones, transferencias intergubernamentales, créditos, beneficios, dividendos e intereses. Los ingresos se clasifican como de derecho público o privado, y como corrientes, de capital o financieros. El Estado también obtiene ingresos de la explotación y venta de bienes patrimoniales, rentas
Complexe pagina’s gebruiksvriendelijk? Dat klinkt als een vreemde combinatie!
Heb jij ook wel eens een pagina gebouwd voor een klant bestaande uit meerdere kolommen en rijen, tabs, embedded-video, afbeeldingen met lightbox effect etc… ?
Vaak wordt dit opgelost door meerdere extensies in te zetten en aan elkaar te knopen. Maar kon de klant daarna nog eenvoudig aanpassingen maken zonder de pagina om zeep te helpen of naar 10 verschillende pagina’s in het beheer te gaan? En hoe zag die pagina eruit in de zoekresultaten van de site?
Met Perfect Content Builder kan je zulke pagina’s opbouwen terwijl ze toch nog op een gebruiksvriendelijke manier voor je klant te bewerken zijn. In deze presentatie laten we zien hoe deze extensie het werken aan de site voor jou en je klant eenvoudig maakt!
La biodiversidad incluye la diversidad de especies de plantas y animales, su variabilidad genética, los ecosistemas y paisajes donde viven. Desde el siglo XVII se han registrado al menos 717 especies animales y 87 vegetales extintas, y si se incluyen extinciones antes de 1600 el número asciende a más de 2,000. Actualmente más de 17,000 especies se encuentran en riesgo. Las principales amenazas son la destrucción de hábitats, sobreexplotación, especies exóticas invasoras y contaminación.
The document discusses vehicle suspension systems. It describes how suspension systems have evolved from integral frames to being integrated into vehicle bodies. The main components of a suspension system are then outlined, including shock absorbers, springs, and stabilizers. Shock absorbers absorb shocks from the road to provide a smooth ride. Springs transmit energy from shocks to the absorbers. The document also categorizes different types of suspension systems such as conventional, independent, air, and hydroelastic systems.
Car manufacturers are looking to enhance vehicle design through coupling chassis systems. These systems connect parts like the steering, braking, and electrical sensors. The goal is to improve safety, driver comfort, and vehicle performance. Coupling systems provide benefits like reducing vibration, improving braking control and stability, and increasing sensor reliability. Engineers carefully design these systems for each vehicle model.
Wind Drivetrain: Reliability and Serviceability of DrivetrainsTorben Haagh
An integral component of a wind turbine, the drivetrain is continually evolving as new concepts and designs are explored. As larger turbines are developed, and more wind farms are installed in deeper water, the service and maintenance of each component must also be considered.
Want to learn more about this topic? Please also visit our website: http://bit.ly/wind-drivetrain
Active front steering (AFS) was originally developed by BMW in 2003 to make front wheels turn a certain number of degrees based on vehicle speed. This prevents oversteering and understeering. A typical AFS system uses sensors to detect steering angle and activate an electric motor that turns the front wheels via a planetary gear assembly. Most systems employ the ZF Lenksysteme approach, which varies the steering ratio to provide more precise control at lower speeds and reduced effort at higher speeds. The AFS adapts the steering response based on signals about vehicle dynamics.
Active front steering (AFS) is technology designed to make the front wheels turn a certain number of degrees in accordance with the speed of the vehicle. The slower the speed, the greater number of degrees the wheels are turned per degree of movement of the steering wheel; more front wheel turning is required than at higher speeds.
Read more about steering here: http://bit.ly/steering-articles
The document discusses an interactive driving and operation simulator called RODOS® developed by Fraunhofer ITWM. RODOS® uses a 6-axis serial robot with a 1000kg payload to simulate vehicle operation and interactions with the human operator. It allows complex situations to be analyzed in detail without risk to safety. All vehicle and environmental parameters can be manipulated and controlled. The simulator's open, modular design allows customization and integration with various vehicle models and simulation software. It can be used to research how operator experience affects goals like productivity and reliability, and to validate assistance systems.
Automatized testing hil system for agile product-design environmentTritem
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 7th Transport Research Arena conference in Vienna, Austria in April 2018. The paper discusses the increasing demand for testing rail vehicles due to new safety standards, and how the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) method used in automotive and aerospace has potential but high costs that do not fit the railway industry model of smaller batches. Tritem Microsystems developed a Virtual-HIL system using their ELMo simulation engine to decrease costs and increase portability. The document provides details on classic HIL approaches, limitations for rail, and how Virtual-HIL addresses these issues.
Formal Methods for Dependable Neural Networks Chih-Hong Cheng
This document discusses how formal methods can help certify dependable neural networks and ensure safety. It summarizes three in-house projects at fortiss GmbH aimed at using formal methods: 1) nn-verifier, a tool that uses constraint programming to formally verify properties of neural networks, 2) Formal synthesis of runtime monitors from specifications to constrain neural network outputs, and 3) Research towards understanding neural networks through formal verification and certification approaches analogous to standards like DO-178C. The goal is applying formal methods to analyze neural networks and guarantee properties like safety.
Moore provides industrial automation and optimization solutions for FPSOs and subsea control systems. They offer an Integrated Control and Safeguarding System to automate, integrate and optimize core FPSO functionality while ensuring safety. They also provide solutions like power management systems, predictive maintenance, and telemetry. Moore has extensive experience delivering projects for FPSOs and facilities around the world.
Grid Integration: Requirements for Wind TurbinesTorben Haagh
The document discusses the requirements for wind turbines and wind farms to comply with European grid codes as offshore wind power increases its contribution to the energy supply. As wind farms get larger, they must be integrated into the transmission network and behave similarly to conventional power plants. Grid code compliance regulations ensure wind farms contribute stability and respond appropriately to changes in voltage and frequency. Specific requirements addressed include operating within defined voltage and frequency ranges, providing reactive power control, engaging in active power control including ramp rate limits, and assisting with frequency control. Harmonizing grid codes across Europe will help increase wind power integration onto the grid.
The document introduces the Newton Electric Trailer, which aims to improve the aerodynamics and motorization of semi-trailer trucks to reduce diesel consumption and emissions. It does this through electric drivetrains and batteries in the trailer, advanced sensors to monitor vehicle systems, and software to optimize energy usage. If successful, it could help stabilize the electric grid by providing operating reserves from vehicle batteries. The timeline shows plans to develop prototypes, begin testing in 2018, and start series production in 2020.
This document discusses the use of computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) in the aerospace industry. It outlines some of the key challenges in aerospace manufacturing like increased volume needs, quality issues, and safety concerns. It then describes the typical manufacturing process, including fabrication of materials and components, assembly of subassemblies, and final integration of the complete aircraft. The document argues that CIMS and smart manufacturing technologies can help address challenges by automating processes, collecting real-time data for optimization, and performing tasks more quickly and precisely through innovations like robotics, sensors, and artificial intelligence.
training report. automation,plc , scada MdQutubuddin1
This document provides a training report on programmable logic controllers (PLCs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and automation. It introduces PLCs and their architecture, programming using ladder logic, applications of PLCs and SCADA systems, and common SCADA software. Examples of automation applications in various industries are also discussed. The report aims to explain the basic concepts and components of PLCs, SCADA, and automation through diagrams and a programming example.
IRJET- Building Management System and its Network DesignIRJET Journal
This document discusses building management systems (BMS) and their network design. It provides an overview of what a BMS is and its main components, including hardware like control units, sensors and actuators. It describes the basic functions and working of a BMS, including monitoring various building systems from one central location. The document also provides examples of BMS implementations in areas like fire detection and alarms, security/CCTV surveillance, access control and elevator management. It concludes that a well-designed BMS can intelligently reduce costs, increase security and energy efficiency in commercial buildings.
In business most questions must satisfy a commercial rationale. Any monetary investment
needs to have justification with a confidently predicted return on that investment. So what
improvements can be reasonably expected from the decision to migrate? In this report, we consider a few of the more frequently undertaken migration projects:
1) Analogue control equipment to digital control equipment.
2) Obsolete PLC to Current PLC
3) DC motor control technology to AC technology
4) Traditional copper cable machine wiring and distributed Fieldbus networks.
Hojita evangelio domingo iv to a bn on lineNelson Gómez
COMUNIDAD PARROQUIAL NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOS DOLORES
MISA DOMINICAL NIÑOS PARA LA PASTORAL NIÑOS
PEREIRA 29 DE ENERO DE 2017, DOMINGO IV TO A
EVANGELIO SEGÚN SAN MATEO 5, 1-12a
Dichosos los pobres en el espíritu
PEREIRA – RISARALDA
COLOMBIA
2017
La prescripción es un medio de extinción de la obligación tributaria que ocurre cuando el deudor queda liberado de su obligación después de cierto período de inacción por parte del Estado. Las deudas y sanciones pecuniarias prescriben a los 6 años desde que la deuda quedó firme, mientras que las sanciones restrictivas de libertad prescriben a los 6 años desde la comisión del ilícito, excepto para delitos de defraudación tributaria o enriquecimiento indebido. La prescripción no extingue la obligación en sí, sino que
El documento presenta una introducción al Derecho Tributario, definiendo conceptos clave como tributos, principios generales del Derecho Tributario como la legalidad, generalidad e igualdad, y la autonomía del Derecho Tributario. También distingue entre la parte general y especial del Derecho Tributario.
Los ingresos públicos son las entradas de dinero que recibe el Estado para financiar el gasto público y cumplir sus funciones. Estos incluyen impuestos, tasas, contribuciones especiales, precios públicos, multas, sanciones, transferencias intergubernamentales, créditos, beneficios, dividendos e intereses. Los ingresos se clasifican como de derecho público o privado, y como corrientes, de capital o financieros. El Estado también obtiene ingresos de la explotación y venta de bienes patrimoniales, rentas
Complexe pagina’s gebruiksvriendelijk? Dat klinkt als een vreemde combinatie!
Heb jij ook wel eens een pagina gebouwd voor een klant bestaande uit meerdere kolommen en rijen, tabs, embedded-video, afbeeldingen met lightbox effect etc… ?
Vaak wordt dit opgelost door meerdere extensies in te zetten en aan elkaar te knopen. Maar kon de klant daarna nog eenvoudig aanpassingen maken zonder de pagina om zeep te helpen of naar 10 verschillende pagina’s in het beheer te gaan? En hoe zag die pagina eruit in de zoekresultaten van de site?
Met Perfect Content Builder kan je zulke pagina’s opbouwen terwijl ze toch nog op een gebruiksvriendelijke manier voor je klant te bewerken zijn. In deze presentatie laten we zien hoe deze extensie het werken aan de site voor jou en je klant eenvoudig maakt!
La biodiversidad incluye la diversidad de especies de plantas y animales, su variabilidad genética, los ecosistemas y paisajes donde viven. Desde el siglo XVII se han registrado al menos 717 especies animales y 87 vegetales extintas, y si se incluyen extinciones antes de 1600 el número asciende a más de 2,000. Actualmente más de 17,000 especies se encuentran en riesgo. Las principales amenazas son la destrucción de hábitats, sobreexplotación, especies exóticas invasoras y contaminación.
The document discusses vehicle suspension systems. It describes how suspension systems have evolved from integral frames to being integrated into vehicle bodies. The main components of a suspension system are then outlined, including shock absorbers, springs, and stabilizers. Shock absorbers absorb shocks from the road to provide a smooth ride. Springs transmit energy from shocks to the absorbers. The document also categorizes different types of suspension systems such as conventional, independent, air, and hydroelastic systems.
Car manufacturers are looking to enhance vehicle design through coupling chassis systems. These systems connect parts like the steering, braking, and electrical sensors. The goal is to improve safety, driver comfort, and vehicle performance. Coupling systems provide benefits like reducing vibration, improving braking control and stability, and increasing sensor reliability. Engineers carefully design these systems for each vehicle model.
Wind Drivetrain: Reliability and Serviceability of DrivetrainsTorben Haagh
An integral component of a wind turbine, the drivetrain is continually evolving as new concepts and designs are explored. As larger turbines are developed, and more wind farms are installed in deeper water, the service and maintenance of each component must also be considered.
Want to learn more about this topic? Please also visit our website: http://bit.ly/wind-drivetrain
Active front steering (AFS) was originally developed by BMW in 2003 to make front wheels turn a certain number of degrees based on vehicle speed. This prevents oversteering and understeering. A typical AFS system uses sensors to detect steering angle and activate an electric motor that turns the front wheels via a planetary gear assembly. Most systems employ the ZF Lenksysteme approach, which varies the steering ratio to provide more precise control at lower speeds and reduced effort at higher speeds. The AFS adapts the steering response based on signals about vehicle dynamics.
Active front steering (AFS) is technology designed to make the front wheels turn a certain number of degrees in accordance with the speed of the vehicle. The slower the speed, the greater number of degrees the wheels are turned per degree of movement of the steering wheel; more front wheel turning is required than at higher speeds.
Read more about steering here: http://bit.ly/steering-articles
The document discusses an interactive driving and operation simulator called RODOS® developed by Fraunhofer ITWM. RODOS® uses a 6-axis serial robot with a 1000kg payload to simulate vehicle operation and interactions with the human operator. It allows complex situations to be analyzed in detail without risk to safety. All vehicle and environmental parameters can be manipulated and controlled. The simulator's open, modular design allows customization and integration with various vehicle models and simulation software. It can be used to research how operator experience affects goals like productivity and reliability, and to validate assistance systems.
Automatized testing hil system for agile product-design environmentTritem
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 7th Transport Research Arena conference in Vienna, Austria in April 2018. The paper discusses the increasing demand for testing rail vehicles due to new safety standards, and how the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) method used in automotive and aerospace has potential but high costs that do not fit the railway industry model of smaller batches. Tritem Microsystems developed a Virtual-HIL system using their ELMo simulation engine to decrease costs and increase portability. The document provides details on classic HIL approaches, limitations for rail, and how Virtual-HIL addresses these issues.
Formal Methods for Dependable Neural Networks Chih-Hong Cheng
This document discusses how formal methods can help certify dependable neural networks and ensure safety. It summarizes three in-house projects at fortiss GmbH aimed at using formal methods: 1) nn-verifier, a tool that uses constraint programming to formally verify properties of neural networks, 2) Formal synthesis of runtime monitors from specifications to constrain neural network outputs, and 3) Research towards understanding neural networks through formal verification and certification approaches analogous to standards like DO-178C. The goal is applying formal methods to analyze neural networks and guarantee properties like safety.
Moore provides industrial automation and optimization solutions for FPSOs and subsea control systems. They offer an Integrated Control and Safeguarding System to automate, integrate and optimize core FPSO functionality while ensuring safety. They also provide solutions like power management systems, predictive maintenance, and telemetry. Moore has extensive experience delivering projects for FPSOs and facilities around the world.
Grid Integration: Requirements for Wind TurbinesTorben Haagh
The document discusses the requirements for wind turbines and wind farms to comply with European grid codes as offshore wind power increases its contribution to the energy supply. As wind farms get larger, they must be integrated into the transmission network and behave similarly to conventional power plants. Grid code compliance regulations ensure wind farms contribute stability and respond appropriately to changes in voltage and frequency. Specific requirements addressed include operating within defined voltage and frequency ranges, providing reactive power control, engaging in active power control including ramp rate limits, and assisting with frequency control. Harmonizing grid codes across Europe will help increase wind power integration onto the grid.
The document introduces the Newton Electric Trailer, which aims to improve the aerodynamics and motorization of semi-trailer trucks to reduce diesel consumption and emissions. It does this through electric drivetrains and batteries in the trailer, advanced sensors to monitor vehicle systems, and software to optimize energy usage. If successful, it could help stabilize the electric grid by providing operating reserves from vehicle batteries. The timeline shows plans to develop prototypes, begin testing in 2018, and start series production in 2020.
This document discusses the use of computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) in the aerospace industry. It outlines some of the key challenges in aerospace manufacturing like increased volume needs, quality issues, and safety concerns. It then describes the typical manufacturing process, including fabrication of materials and components, assembly of subassemblies, and final integration of the complete aircraft. The document argues that CIMS and smart manufacturing technologies can help address challenges by automating processes, collecting real-time data for optimization, and performing tasks more quickly and precisely through innovations like robotics, sensors, and artificial intelligence.
training report. automation,plc , scada MdQutubuddin1
This document provides a training report on programmable logic controllers (PLCs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and automation. It introduces PLCs and their architecture, programming using ladder logic, applications of PLCs and SCADA systems, and common SCADA software. Examples of automation applications in various industries are also discussed. The report aims to explain the basic concepts and components of PLCs, SCADA, and automation through diagrams and a programming example.
IRJET- Building Management System and its Network DesignIRJET Journal
This document discusses building management systems (BMS) and their network design. It provides an overview of what a BMS is and its main components, including hardware like control units, sensors and actuators. It describes the basic functions and working of a BMS, including monitoring various building systems from one central location. The document also provides examples of BMS implementations in areas like fire detection and alarms, security/CCTV surveillance, access control and elevator management. It concludes that a well-designed BMS can intelligently reduce costs, increase security and energy efficiency in commercial buildings.
In business most questions must satisfy a commercial rationale. Any monetary investment
needs to have justification with a confidently predicted return on that investment. So what
improvements can be reasonably expected from the decision to migrate? In this report, we consider a few of the more frequently undertaken migration projects:
1) Analogue control equipment to digital control equipment.
2) Obsolete PLC to Current PLC
3) DC motor control technology to AC technology
4) Traditional copper cable machine wiring and distributed Fieldbus networks.
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IRJET- A Review Paper on Pneumatic Controlled ABSIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of pneumatic controlled anti-lock braking systems (ABS). It begins with an abstract that introduces ABS and its importance in improving vehicle safety. It then reviews 16 previous research papers on topics related to ABS control systems, including pneumatic, electro-pneumatic, and various controller designs. The document concludes by discussing the use of orthogonal models and sliding mode control for ABS systems.
The document discusses new philosophies for aircraft maintenance including reliability-centered maintenance and condition-based maintenance. It emphasizes using data from enhanced sensors and diagnostics to enable predictive and proactive maintenance to improve aircraft availability and reduce costs over the life cycle. Emerging technologies like prognostics and health management will be integrated across all aircraft subsystems.
The traditional plywood manufacturing process usually requires a large amount of manpower and produces a significant amount of waste material. Then there is the question of safety hazards associated with manually operated machines. Therefore, manufacturers are always looking for ideas that reduce dependency on manpower, improve efficiency and boost overall productivity.
Our client was no different. They approached Messung for a cost-effective solution to control their plywood processing plant.
Tires: Current and future status of tire monitoringTorben Haagh
To appreciate how far and fast tire technology has been advancing, it is worthwhile to see where tires started and what they looked like even a couple of decades ago. Robert William Thompson invented and patented the pneumatic tire in 1846, but it was not until the 1880s that John Boyd Dunlop literally taped these tires to bicycle wheels…
Want to learn more about current technologies
and developments in tire technology?
Visit our Download Centre for more articles, whitepapers and interviews:
http://bit.ly/tire-technology
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Join us at the Wind Turbine Towers Conference to stay competitive by learning advanced #tower concepts and by getting a global perspective of the wind energy sector! Taking place between 27 – 29 August 2019, at Swissôtel in Bremen, Germany. Bitly: http://bit.ly/SS_Wind_Turbine_Towers_Agenda
Be there at the ISO26262 Conference on the 25-28 March 2019 at the Holiday Inn, Munich City Center, Germany. Confirmed speakers from Delphi Technologies, Toyota Research Institute, Texas Instruments. Read the details here: http://bit.ly/2Esno5h
Would you like to know how SOTIF addresses possible hazards caused by intended behavior? Discuss the first draft of the SOTIF standard with international working group members and functional safety experts during the SOTIF Conference. Find out more here: http://bit.ly/SOTIF_Agenda_2019
Daimler, Audi, and Volvo, at Advanced E-Motor - Advanced E-Motor Technology C...Torben Haagh
Preview of the 7th E-Motor Conference 2019 Agenda, taking place at the Hotel Palace Berlin. Get the full Agenda here: http://bit.ly/E-Motor_Agenda_2019
Volkswagen, Ford, and PSA Group - Intelligent Automotive Lighting Agenda 2019Torben Haagh
Have a glimpse of the next years Intelligent Automotive Lighting Conference. Join us on the 20-22 February 2019 at the Hilton Hotel, Mainz. Download the full Agenda here: http://bit.ly/Automotive_Lighting_Agenda_2019
14th International Conference Innovative Seating 2019Torben Haagh
Get an idea of this year's Innovative Seating Conference topic areas. Download the entire Agenda here and join us at the Conference on 18 - 21 February in Düsseldorf. http://bit.ly/InnovativeSeating2019-Agenda
Agenda - Airport Operational Excellence and Automation 2019, Frankfurt Am Ma...Torben Haagh
Have a sneak peak of the latest agenda, with confirmed speakers from Lufthansa, German Aerospace Center, and Athens International Airport. Download the full agenda for free here:
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Agenda: Interior Cabin Innovation for Automated Vehicles 2019Torben Haagh
This document summarizes an international conference on cabin design for autonomous vehicles to be held from January 29-31, 2019 in Berlin, Germany. The conference will address reshaping vehicle interiors for new mobility experiences and discuss how mobility-as-a-service is changing passenger expectations. Experts from automakers like BMW, Bentley, Peugeot, Fiat, and Volvo will speak on engineering usability, integrating new technologies, and designing for various ownership models. Interactive sessions will provide opportunities for networking with OEMs, suppliers, and designers developing the future of in-vehicle experiences.
First and only technology cutting-edge event in Europe bringing you real cognitive automation use cases from end-users, 12 – 14 March 2019 in Berlin, Germany
Join the event and learn:
• how to deal with unstructured data for better predictive analytics and forecasting
• how to set up an AI or machine learning department with fast results and roll out into the rest of the organization
• how to guarantee Data Readiness, Data Creation and Normalisation
• how to leverage Tensorflow, Keras, Neural Network, Deep learning, and Dataset, for your business success
Meat AI & intelligent robotics experts from YES BANK, UBS, Xing, Alibaba, idealo internet, DHL, Turkcell, Solvay, Unicredit, ieso digital health, Zurich Group, Magic Unicorn Inc., Unbabel, and many more top companies at the Cognitive Automation Conference between 12 - 14 March in Berlin, Germany.
Download the FULL AGENDA to see the entire speaker list, round table sessions, focused workshops and at the following link: http://bit.ly/CognitiveAutomation2019FullAgenda
Präsentation zu Roll-Out Messsysteme Infrastruktur bei EnBWTorben Haagh
In der Präsentation von Herrn Albertsmeyer, Teilprojektleiter ROMI (Roll-Out Messsysteme Infrastruktur) bei Netze BW/EnBW, erfahren Sie, wie der Aufbau der Messsystem-Infrastruktur gelingt. Hier finden Sie die gesamte Präsentation: http://bit.ly/2mGnwDt
Is there potential for robotics in finance and accounting?Torben Haagh
In the presentation, you read about "Robotics in Finance" by Mr. Rode, Project Manager at Allianz. Here you can find the full presentation: http://bit.ly/2DdaNPQ
In der Präsentation des Director General Statistics bei der EZB, lesen Sie mehr über den langfristigen strategischen Ansatz des ESZB bei der Erhebung von Bankdaten. Hier finden Sie die gesamte Präsentation: http://bit.ly/2DkRxnP
Expert interview with Nexans - the 66kV cabling technologyTorben Haagh
Stefaan Mensaert, Product Line Manager Renewables at Nexans gave us the opportunity to talk to him about 66 kV cables, junction boxes and connectors. As an experienced cable manufacturer, he gave us some answers to the following topics:
- Major challenges to overcome in order to deliver 66 kV XLPE insulated submarine cable and the accessories, junction boxes and connectors
- What kind of tests they executed to ensure quality and high performance of 66 kV cabling technology
- Nexans and the Blyth project in the UK
- Future for offshore wind energy 66 kV inter-array cabling
http://bit.ly/2fLLn2c
ENERCON - Energy System Change: Era of Feed-in Tariffs is coming to an endTorben Haagh
Andreas Linder, Grid Integration & SCADA Sales by Enercon gave a presentation about system services by wind energy on last years Digital Data Integration and Management conference.
Have a look at the presentation to get an overview of the following:
- System Change: Status Quo Regulation & projects, examples and rolemodels
- The Energy System: Centralised versus decentralised
- Differentiation minimum requirements versus Services for the Grid
- Control reserve by wind - why not? Status quo - TSOs, IT-Requirements, Regulator
- Advantages and challenges
http://bit.ly/2wDLMe4
Innovative Ansätze im Mahn- und Inkassoprozess - Kundenorientiertes Mahnen in...Torben Haagh
Ralph Rochau, Experte Forderungsmanagement bei der BKW Energie AG gibt Einblicke in drei große Bereiche für innovative Ansätze im Bereich Forderungsmanagement:
- Mahnstrategie/Mahnverfahren
- Kommunikation und Kundenorientierung
- Infrastruktur
Für die komplette Präsentation inklusive der Potenziale und Stolpersteine der einzelnen Bereiche, klicken Sie hier:
http://bit.ly/2qiWLIK
Effizienter mit Kooperationen bei Integra-PartnernTorben Haagh
N-Ergie, enercity & Mainova haben das Projekt „IT-Servicemanagement“ (ITSM) partnerschaftlich umgesetzt - dieses beschreiben und analysieren Frau Dr. Ernst und Herr Lübcke in einer Präsentation, die Sie hier kostenlos herunterladen: http://bit.ly/2n3tIFE
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
1. Need for Advanced Suspension Systems
Suspension systems have significantly contributed to vehicle’s safety as well as in
the enhancement of its life span. A good suspension system protects vehicle from
undue wear & tear, which in turn increases the life-span of the vehicle. In this
context, vehicle’s application is very useful for providing its availability. Moreover, it
proactively plays an active part in rendering comfort to vehicle occupants. In
modern times, the significance of suspension systems is much valued than it was
decades ago. Today, the manufacturers have certainly prioritized incorporating
advanced suspension systems in its vehicles, in order to render controllability,
stability and many other component attributes onto its vehicle occupants. Also,
patenting of its suspension system design is carried out by certain vehicle
makers. Future trends of advanced suspension systems could be reflected from
representative patents and innovations in the arena of suspension systems.
Achieving State of Art Suspension systems
Driving comfort and safety is one of the functionalities of vehicle suspension
system. A good suspension system is the efficient carrier of the vehicle body or
its framework, so as to proportionately distribute all forces between the road and
the vehicle body. In order for the suspension system to suit any driving
conditions, introduction of active and semi-active components is mandatory. Fixed
setups of suspension should be technically enhanced by making alterations in
variable shock absorber or springs so attached to it. For instilling efficacy in vehicle
suspension systems, the control behavior of its components ought to be studied.
Also, adapting to certain parameters in relevance to driving excitations must be
understood. It is equally pertinent to identify as well as detect if any faulty
components persist, in order to accommodate design of suspension system. As
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2. any discussions on suspension systems brings forth the essence of driving safety
and driving comfort, it would be optimal to elaborate these two widely used terms.
Driving Safety
It is meant to signify an optimal suspension design with harmonious combination of
springing, braking, and steering as well as wheel suspension. A quantitative value of
safety can be evaluated by variation in Tire load indication.
Driving Comfort
A quantitative value of Driving comfort can be evaluated by car’s quantity for
motion and vibration of its body. Moreover, in determining Driving comfort level of
any suspension system, it is optimal to keep the external values such as climate
conditions, external noises and vibrations to lowest possible limit, so as to effect an
optimal evaluation of its quantitative value.
The following depict key pointers so as to achieve optimal performance from
suspension systems:
1) It is essential to decrease the frequency sensitive to human body by
decreasing sprung mass peak to near 1 Hz. while attempting to isolate the
sprung mass from other road disturbances. In doing so, suspension system
can achieve greater scalability in the ride quality.
2) For improving stability of the ride, it would be optimal to decrease resonance
frequency of the wheel to around 10 Hz., while essentially keeping the
contact between the road and the tire intact.
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3. 3) A larger deflection in suspension can be sought by using road disturbances to
effect sprung mass to isolate better in relevance to a suspension spring.
4) It is necessary to note that unnecessary suspension deflections, if prevented
with appropriate damping, could enable achieve better road contact.
5) Driving stability and quality thus demand criteria which are pretty conflicting
to each other. It is suggested that for any set of data input in specific stress
and road conditions, comfort and safety will always be compromised where
the passive suspension system is fixed
6) It is also suggested that active or semi-active suspension systems strive to
lessen the conflict.
7) Semi-active suspension systems are based on the theory of meeting the
actual demands by making stiffness of spring and/or damping adapting to
them
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4. 8) However, the mechanism of active suspension system requires an addition
or input of extra force to the already existing passive systems. Thus, active
suspension system is based on mechanism of addition, rather than
adaptation unlike semi-active suspension systems.
9) Any unnecessary loss in performance of active or semi-active suspension can
be prevented by taking changes in parameters such as wear & tear,
temperature, variation in certain other external factors, during process of
designing controller for the aforesaid suspensions. This can also be prevented
by adapting a robust controller by which changes in system behavior could be
controlled by its signals
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5. Ensuring safety through the concept of Brake-friendly Suspension
Controllable suspension and advanced brake control systems are incorporated in
most of the vehicles in higher segments. Semi-active dampers are the chosen
controllable suspension systems for these purpose. The switching between
emergency modes and normal operative is the presumption in active safety chain
for effectuating real integration of suspension controls. The comfort objectives shall
be the parameters considered to control vehicle suspension in operative mode. The
application of specialized optimized algorithms has to be considered for control of
suspension in emergency mode. Advanced algorithms which have ability to trace
the full potential of vehicle controllable suspension will be used for manoeuvres as
emergency braking.
Concept of Brake-Friendly Suspension
Emergency braking manoeuvre includes Tires which play intermediary or as a
interface between the road and the vehicle. The nonlinear attribute of the coupling
dictates its dependence on varied parameters. The vertical load Fz and the
longitudinal slip κ: µ = µ(Fz,κ), which carries the coefficient between tire and a
given road, causes fluctuation in vertical tire to have influence on breaking distance.
The extension of stopping distance arises as a result of nonlinearity from the
oscillations of vertical force. In the case where braking is completely interrupted,
the decrease in scenario of losing contact between tire and road is effectuated by
controlled suspension. ABS algorithms depict these undesirable situations in worst
scenarios. That the vehicle has not braked during the interval of losing and gaining
contact, is the direct consequence of ABS algorithm and its sampling.
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6. The mere tradeoff between comfort and road handling are satisfied by current
vehicle suspension designs. Active and Semi-active systems are suggested to
increase performance in suspension systems, considering that passive suspension
design has been almost pushed to its limits. Semi-active systems propose the use of
fail-safe and low energy demands. Certain undesirable vibrations and shortening of
braking distance can be suppressed by optimization of braking manoeuvre and with
the aid of efficiently controlled vehicle suspension system. This is what brake-
friendly suspension can mean to be, so achieved by eradicating the vertical forces of
fluctuation between road and tire. This objective has to be achieved in order to
ensure safety via advanced suspension systems.
Global Trend towards vehicle weight reduction
The EU regulatory authorities have proposed that 2020 vehicle manufacturing
targets fulfil requirement of having lighter cars. The regulatory authorities have
endorsed one of the technical requirement of 2020 fleet of passenger cars would be
to have emissions of not more than 95g CO2/km. This restriction in carbon emission
would in fact set trend for every manufacturer indirectly lower the weight of the car.
Manufacturers have adhered to the proposed regulatory requirement by bringing
innovative tools to effect weight reduction in cars. In the process of doing this, CFRP
structures are going to replace metal structural components in car’s seating
arrangement, thereby effecting 20% reduction in weight via polyamide structures
used in seats. Moreover, plastic and certain other materials which are suggested to
replace PU foams will further reduce weight in overall seating. Along with innovative
materials, the market is pampered with innovative designs such as TU Delft and
BMW massage system in order to adhere with weight reduction requirement.
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7. With European commission striving to make Europe a zero carbon society by 2050,
vehicle manufacturers will have to adhere to certain stringent regulatory targets,
which in fact would enable production of lighter cars by using innovative materials
and design. This is sure to benefit the consumers who will get the best of both the
worlds - Quality and Performance.
Determinants of Advanced Suspension systems
Vehicle manufacturers are constantly striving new ways to quench their customer
needs in advanced suspension systems, by optimizing manufacturing standards
and improve applications of manufacture. In fact, the type of suspension to be used
on vehicle will be decided by the application of the vehicle. Moreover, whether
suspension would be a spring or an air will be determined by different performance
metrics, roll stability and durability aspects as well.
Although application of vehicle is one of the determinants in choosing suspension
system, it is unanimously agreed that the key determinant of suspension system
is their ability to handle pressures of different environment. For e.g. spring
suspensions are optimal for highway trailer but could be not so useful on a BMW.
Different company manufacturers think of different priorities in manufacture of
advanced suspension systems. For some it is still the old process manufacturing
suspensions that is important, so long as the suspensions are proven to fulfil their
customer needs. While for some others, the manufacturing line focuses on
productivity and zero maintenance to its end users. Such manufacturers make
suspensions which offer its customers minimal initial investment and almost
negligible long term maintenance. Yet for some others, it is the type of suspension
which makes important part of its customer’s choice. For instance, certain
manufacturers thrive on manufacturing Air suspensions on the basis of it comprising
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8. of air systems which along with air bags can be susceptible to break downs. Air
suspensions are termed essentially to be highway applications, which are
appropriate for fast cars to render comfort to its passengers and drivers preferring
high speed dynamics from suspension. Moreover, irrespective of whatever the
chassis load is, Air suspension with its optimized spring rate assists vehicle
optimally on on-highway trail. However, for vehicles that have high center of gravity
and which are more or less of off-road nature, Air suspension may not suffice.
Certain manufacturers prefer manufacturing suspensions that would enable
eliminate the need of certain other components within suspension systems. For
e.g. the mechanics involved in spring suspensions, eradicate the necessity for shock
absorbers via process of self-damping. Moreover, these suspensions maintain a
constant spring rate. Irrespective whether the vehicle is loaded or not, the spring
rate will be constant. However, for some spring suspensions lack good roll stability
attributes for enabling a free flowing smooth ride. The maintaining of constant
spring rate is not always good as this attribute of spring suspensions causes an
uncomfortable or stiff ride for operators. Therefore to overcome this problem its
manufacturers have introduced rubber spring suspensions. As these provide highly
variable spring rate, the ride provided by them is better than the ordinary spring
suspensions.
Lighter weight suspensions
Suspension companies are now optimizing their product line by introduction of
lighter weight suspension systems. For doing this, the use of higher strength steel
is made. Higher strength steel enables the same durability and desired carrying
capacity from manufactured suspension systems. In fact the use of higher
strength steel saves the company of the amount of steel being used in suspensions
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9. manufacture, thus aiding in reducing the manufacturing costs. This innovative
technique is used for manufacturing lighter weight suspension springs as well as the
frame.
The weight of suspensions can also be reduced by using rubber spring technology.
In fact, the rubber springs weigh much less, although they have the endurance to
carry the same weight as higher steel suspensions. While a rubber spring weighs
less than 900 lbs., a steel spring could weigh between 1200 to 1400 lbs.
Reduction in suspension weight can be also effected by post vulcanized bonding
process as well. The PV bonding process eradicates the need for clamps or bolts,
thereby causing in overall reduction of suspension weight.
Future trends in Suspension systems
Suspension design will continue to face optimization and innovation from
manufacturers. For e.g. efforts taken by manufacturers to reduce weight is due to
benefits derived from weight reduction as well as compliance with regulatory
authorities. Likewise, suspension systems will continue to face investigations for
entry of new technologies or to aid existing technologies enables other process
applications. As aforesaid, advanced suspension systems does not necessarily
mean new innovative technologies or its applications, but also mean to perceive
what the manufacturers or the end users perceive it to be. However, it is essential
to find the right suspension for particular applications enable its function rather than
searching for a new technology suspension system without reference to vehicle
application or its end user. It will although be optimal for a manufacturer to produce
suspension system providing safety, comfort, durability, with minimum costs and
weight.
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10. References:
http://www.carbibles.com/suspension_bible.html
www.frost.com
www.benthamscience.com
http://autoshepherd.com/category/Steering-Suspension/1072
Want to know more about suspension systems?
Check out our Download Centre, where you will find more articles,
white papers and interviews regarding this topic:
http://bit.ly/suspension-articles
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Visit IQPC for a portfolio of topic-related events, congresses, seminars and conferences: www.iqpc.de