Arterial Hypertension Tinatin Bolotbekovna.pptx
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This document discusses arterial hypertension syndrome caused by kidney disease. It covers the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, clinical features, and treatments. The main causes of hypertension discussed are renal stenosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, increased renal vascular resistance, and decreased glomerular capillary function coefficient. The document is authored by Bolotbekova Tinatin Bolotbekovna from Contoso Pharmaceuticals.
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Vascular Kidney Diseases Notes discusses several conditions:
1. Nephrosclerosis is renal pathology associated with hypertension, causing sclerosis of renal arterioles and small arteries. It is characterized by a leather grain appearance, hyaline arteriolosclerosis, and glomerulosclerosis.
2. Malignant nephrosclerosis is due to very high blood pressure (>200/120) and is characterized by pinpoint hemorrhages, hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, and fibrinoid necrosis of small renal arteries.
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Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is the most common type of arteriosclerosis. Major risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels, older age, male sex, family history, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use. The condition involves inflammation and damage to the endothelium, invasion of immune cells, platelet activation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells to form fatty streaks and fibrous plaques that can rupture and cause blood clots. Diagnosis involves lipid screening and testing to check for secondary causes. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, weight control and smoking cessation as well
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This document provides details on performing a cardiovascular examination, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It describes how to evaluate heart sounds and murmurs through auscultation of specific areas of the heart. Key areas covered include the four heart sounds (S1, S2, S3, S4), splitting of S1 and S2, abnormalities in intensity and timing of heart sounds, systolic and diastolic murmurs based on timing and cause, and grading murmurs based on intensity among other characteristics. The goal is to identify any abnormalities that could indicate cardiovascular diseases or conditions.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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- 3. Contoso Pharmaceuticals ETIOLOGY: page 3 RENAL STENOSIS #Decrease in the diameter of the renal arteries. #Atherosclerosis; fat, cholesterol, calcium and other meterial found in the blood. #Fibromuscular dysplasia; abnormal development or growth of the cells on the renal artery walls
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